用一种新滤波函数作CT图像局部重建

详细阐述了用一种新型滤波函数进行CT图像局部重建的原理，并给出了这种重建的二次误差估计．然后在计算机上对模拟和实测数据进行了局部重建实验，结果表明该算法简便快速，重建图像Gibbs效应减小并具有较高的空间及密度分辨率．     

TEXONO实验中CsI(T1)闪烁体探测器阵列的能量与位置重建

简略叙述了TEXONO实验中的数据分析方法.对于双端读出的CsI(Tl)晶体探测器的能量重建中出现的两类问题分别提出了补偿方法,以提高能量谱的分辨率.     

基于深度神经网络的时空编码磁共振成像超分辨率重建方法

单扫描时空编码磁共振成像是一种新型超快速磁共振成像技术,它对磁场不均匀和化学位移伪影有较强的抵抗性,但是其固有的空间分辨率较低,因此通常需要进行超分辨率重建,以在不增加采样点数的情况下提高时空编码磁共振图像的空间分辨率.然而,现有的重建方法存在迭代求解时间长、重建结果有混叠伪影残留等问题.为此,本文提出了一种基于深度神经网络的单扫描时空编码磁共振成像超分辨率重建方法.该方法采用模拟样本训练深度神经网络,再利用训练好的网络模型对实际采样信号进行重建.数值模拟、水模和活体鼠脑的实验结果表明,该方法能快速重建出无残留混叠伪影、纹理信息清楚的超分辨率时空编码磁共振图像.适当增加训练样本数量以及在训练样本中加入适当的随机噪声水平,有助于改善重建效果.     

基于双阈值Huber范数估计的图像正则化超分辨率算法

多帧图像超分辨率算法利用图像间的互补信息, 可以从一系列具有亚像素位移的低分辨率影像数据中重建出高分辨率图像. 在众多超分辨率算法中, 正则化方法以其求解病态问题的有效性而被广泛应用, 但在此类方法中, 最优估计算子的估计准确度对最后的重建结果有着较大的影响. 本文在现有正则化超分辨率重建算法的基础上, 提出了一种基于双阈值Huber范数的极大似然估计算子, 可以提高Huber范数对于阈值取值的容忍性和算子估计精度; 并给出了基于该算子的正则化超分辨率算法的迭代公式. 通过对仿真图像进行重建, 结果表明算法可有效地抑制各种噪声并保证重建效果; 同时将此算法应用于实际图像的超分辨率重建, 有效地提高了目标影像的空间分辨率. 关键词： 图像处理 图像重建 超分辨率 正则化     

高分辨电子显微学的新进展 --走向亚埃电子显微时代

简要介绍了高分辨电子显微学的最新进展．特别指出，随着空间分辨率突破1A和亚埃分辨率的电子显微镜的快速普及，电子显微学及相关研究领域将进入一个快速发展的阶段．装备有球差校正器和能量单色器的新一代电子显微镜将很快进入实验室，给出高质量的原子结构图像（分辨率优于1A）和高能量分辨率的电子能量损失谱（优于0．1eV）．这一进展将对晶体结构学、材料科学、物理学、纳米科学及生命科学产生重大影响，也为解决很多重要结构问题提供新机遇．     

超分辨率数字全息实验研究

为提高全息成像的分辨率,对超分辨率数字全息进行实验研究,介绍了全息和超分辨率的基本理论。试验中以激光二极管尾纤发射端作为点光源,采用非放大的光路系统,拍摄了一组亚像素位移的LR全息图。通过对LR全息图和SR全息图重建的结果对比,结果显示该方法能够实现全息图亚像素位移,经超分辨率重建的图像分辨率明显提升。通过使用更高精度的位移装置和更有针对性的超分辨率算法将会进一步提升效果。     

MRPC-TOF时间性能和刻度方法的研究

研制的由28个多气隙电阻板室(MRPC)模块构成飞行时间探测系统, 从2003年以来在RHIC-STAR实验上成功运行并获得了大量的实验数据. 为了深入了解MRPC实际运行中的性能,采用质心能量200GeV的Au-Au对撞的实验数据, 对MRPC-TOF的刻度方法进行了深入研究, 主要包括: (1) 对现有的刻度方法做了进一步的改进; (2) 对粒子入射角度等因素进行了修正; (3) STAR径迹重建的位置分辨率对MRPC时间分辨率影响. 用改进后的刻度和修正方法, 计算得到MRPC的本征时间分辨率为大约60ps, 与束流实验结果相近.     

基于可分离编码的高分辨X射线荧光成像技术研究

相比于传统基于毛细管或针孔的X射线成像系统,编码孔径成像系统具有结构简单、灵敏度高、扩展性强等优势,使其在X射线荧光成像中极具潜力.本工作应用新型编码孔径成像计算模型,设计了一种基于可分离编码的X射线成像系统.利用Geant4蒙特卡罗仿真对系统的性能进行了研究,并根据快速迭代收缩阈值算法进行了图像重建.模拟及分析结果显示,近场成像时,与传统基于卷积模型的成像系统不同,该系统的性能不受准直效应的影响.成像系统的空间分辨率约为65 μm,并能够准确地重建出不同能量的线源和形状复杂物体的图像.重建图像的质量受校准时所用X射线能量和物体发射X射线能量的影响,两者差异越小,重建图像的质量越高.三维重建结果显示,系统能够从单次获取的二维投影图像,正确地重建出物体与系统的距离,轴向空间分辨率约为1.1 mm.     

康普顿相机图像重建中的快速滤波反投影算法

提出一个由CZT像素探测器与NaI闪烁体阵列组成的康普顿相机，计算探测器系统的几何参数、散射体探测器的能量分辨率及多普勒展宽等因素对相机空间分辨率的影响.相机的总体角分辨率为5.1°~5.6°，主要影响因素为探测器系统的几何参数.首先用解析方法研究图像重建中的滤波反投影算法，不考虑展宽影响时点源重建图像的角分辨率可达1.7°，考虑展宽影响时角分辨率可达4.2°；然后利用Geant4程序进行模拟，用实际应用方法对模拟数据进行重建，不考虑展宽影响时的角分辨率为1.7°，考虑展宽影响时角分辨率可达5.1°.采用滤波反投影算法进行图像重建时，在OpenCL框架下利用GPU实现并行加速，加速比为79倍.     

基于4H-SiC的高能量分辨率α粒子探测器

为突破传统半导体核探测器耐高温与抗辐照性能不足的瓶颈,采用4H-SiC宽禁带半导体材料研制了4H-SiC探测器,并研究其构成的探测系统对α粒子的能量分辨率和能量线性度。所研制4H-SiC探测器漏电流低,当外加反向偏压为200V时,其漏电流仅14.92nA/cm2。采用具有5种主要能量α粒子的226 Ra源研究其构成的探测系统对α粒子的能量分辨率,获得4H-SiC探测系统对4.8~7.7 MeV能量范围内α粒子的能量分辨率为0.61%~0.90%,与国际上报道的高分辨4H-SiC探测系统能量分辨率一致。同时,实验结果表明:4H-SiC探测系统对该能量范围内α粒子的能量线性度十分优异,线性相关系数为0.999 99。     

Relating Maxwell's demon and quantitative analysis of information leakage for practical imperative programs

Shannon observed the relation between information entropy and Maxwell demon experiment to come up with information entropy formula. After that, Shannon's entropy formula is widely used to measure information leakage in imperative programs. But in the present work, our aim is to go in a reverse direction and try to find possible Maxwell's demon experimental setup for contemporary practical imperative programs in which variations of Shannon's entropy formula has been applied to measure the information leakage. To establish the relation between the second principle of thermodynamics and quantitative analysis of information leakage, present work models contemporary variations of imperative programs in terms of Maxwell's demon experimental setup. In the present work five contemporary variations of imperative program related to information quantification are identified. They are:(i) information leakage in imperative program,(ii) imperative multithreaded program,(iii) point to point leakage in the imperative program,(iv) imperative program with infinite observation,and(v) imperative program in the SOA-based environment. For these variations, minimal work required by an attacker to gain the secret is also calculated using historical Maxwell's demon experiment. To model the experimental setup of Maxwell's demon, non-interference security policy is used. In the present work, imperative programs with one-bit secret information have been considered to avoid the complexity. The findings of the present work from the history of physics can be utilized in many areas related to information flow of physical computing, nano-computing, quantum computing,biological computing, energy dissipation in computing, and computing power analysis.     

Investigation of gate oxide traps effect on NAND flash memory by TCAD simulation

The effects of gate oxide traps on gate leakage current and device performance of metal–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon(MONOS)-structured NAND flash memory are investigated through Sentaurus TCAD. The trap-assisted tunneling(TAT)model is implemented to simulate the leakage current of MONOS-structured memory cell. In this study, trap position, trap density, and trap energy are systematically analyzed for ascertaining their influences on gate leakage current, program/erase speed, and data retention properties. The results show that the traps in blocking layer significantly enhance the gate leakage current and also facilitates the cell program/erase. Trap density ~10¹⁸ cm^-3 and trap energy ~ 1 eV in blocking layer can considerably improve cell program/erase speed without deteriorating data retention. The result conduces to understanding the role of gate oxide traps in cell degradation of MONOS-structured NAND flash memory.     

基于LabWindows/CVI的楼宇供水防泄漏自动测控系统的设计

针对智能楼宇供水管网的泄漏测控问题,提出了一种基于LabWindows/CVI虚拟仪器的新型测控系统设计方案。系统在结构上分为测控节点、楼层节点和中心节点三部分,基于ZigBee无线传感网络实现硬件互联。测控节点采用光电传感电路检测泄漏,发生泄漏时自动切断对应支路水源,并将报警信息经楼层节点发往管理中心,中心节点基于LabWindows/CVI虚拟仪器程序接收并处理数据,实现泄漏定位、示警及相关数据库操作。测试表明,系统的平均泄漏检出率达99.8%、判定准确率达99.9%,测控精度高、可靠性强,能够很好地满足智能楼宇供水泄漏的高精度自动测控需求、保障建筑楼体及内部财物免受漏水威胁。     

体积填充率变化对球床钨颗粒散裂靶中子学特性影响的研究

应用MCNPX程序,构建质子束轰击球床钨颗粒散裂靶的物理模型,模拟散裂靶泄露中子产额、能谱、通量轴向分布以及散裂靶沉积能分布。针对不同钨颗粒直径和体积填充率,研究了不同钨颗粒直径下体积填充率变化对球床散裂靶中子学特性的影响。模拟结果表明,钨颗粒体积填充率增加,散裂靶的最大沉积能密度减小。在1～20 mm的范围内,钨颗粒的直径越小,散裂靶泄漏中子产额越大,散裂靶泄漏中子产额随钨颗粒体积填充率变化的波动越小,有利于维持CIADS系统反应堆功率稳定。The physical model of the high-energy proton bombarding the tungsten pebble bed spallation target is simulated by the MCNPX program. The effect of the filling rate on the neutronic characteristics with different particle diameters is studied, by calculating the leakage neutron yield, leakage neutron spectrum axial neutron flux distribution and the energy deposition of the target. The result shows that when the diameter increases from 1 to 20 mm,the maximum deposited energy density decreases in the target, but the leakage neutron yield increases. When the filling rate reaches 74%, leakage neutron yields are almost the same value with different particle diameters. When the target is piled up with 1 mm tungsten particles, neutron leakage yield changes smaller with the variation of the filling rate than the other diameter particles which is beneficial to maintain the reactor power stability in ADS.     

Monte Carlo Calculations of XRF Intensities in Annular Arrangements of Radioactive Source,Sample, Cylindrical Collimator and Detector

ABSTRACT

A Monte Carlo (MC) computer program for the calculation of the distribution of characteristic X-ray intensities as a function of the counting geometry is described. The program evaluates the contribution to the intensities of a fluorescent line from each point of the source, sample and detector. The main considerations of the calculation are based on the critical nature of the internal geometry of the main analyzer components within an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer. The K XRF intensities for the inner and outer radius of the annular-sample and collimator radius were measured. An optimum geometry can be obtained by varying the collimator radius and the detector-sample distance. The results of the calculations show that the intensity distribution of the radioisotope excited fluorescent radiation through annular sample area is strongly dependent on the collimator radius, with a maximum intensity effect with a smaller sample area and with decreasing collimator radius. An investigation of the XRF intensities in the annular sample surface as a function of collimator radius is discussed.     

钍基熔盐堆用238群中子-48群光子耦合多群常数库的屏蔽基准验证

采用OKTAVIAN脉冲球实验对钍基熔盐堆用AMPX主库格式238群中子-48群光子耦合多群常数库进行了屏蔽基准验证,重点检验了该库中的F,Li,Be,C、Al,Si,Cr,Ni,Zr,Co,Cu,Mn,Mo,Nb,Ti,W,Pb同位素/元素的数据。采用SCALE 5.1程序系统中的XSDRN-PM程序进行一维屏蔽问题计算,将计算结果与实验测量数据及MCNP程序计算结果进行比较,发现中子泄漏谱的符合程度较好,而光子泄漏谱检验中发现大多数核素都出现了不同程度的高估。通过对GENDF格式到AMPX格式的转换程序MILER-4进行修正,解决了这一问题。通过对多群常数库的屏蔽基准验证,进一步证明了该库的可靠性。OKTAVIAN pulsed sphere experiment was used for Shielding Benchmarks of the AMPX formatted multi-group (238n-48γ) coupled neutron-gamma cross-section library for Thorium Molten Salt Reactor, of which the following isotopes/elements were checked-F, Li, Be, C, Al, Si, Cr, Ni, Zr, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ti, W. One dimension shielding problem was calculated using XSDRN-PM program of SCALE 5.1 code system and results were compared with experiment results and MCNP calculated results, which shows that neutron leakage spectra agree well. Calculated results of photon leakage spectra of most facilities compared with MCNP results and experiment data are over-rated. MILER-4 code which is used for converting GENDF files produced by NJOY to the AMPX master library format is revised to solve this problem. The shielding benchmark verifications confirm the reliability of this new library.     

彩色显示管电子光学系统的计算和分析

为了实现高清晰度显示,大量采用非旋转对称的系统以减小电子束上屏的束点尺寸。考虑到目前电子光学系统的一些新特点,采用一些特殊的模拟方法利用SEU-3D三维程序计算和分析了彩色显示管中电子光学系统     

Micromegas中子探测器位置分辨特性的Monte-Carlo研究(英文)

利用GEANT4和Garfield气体探测器模拟程序模拟了Micromegas中子探测器位置特性。 在漂移极上加一层聚乙烯薄膜作为转换材料, 通过反冲质子法测量中子的位置。 提出了一套通过设定探测器上层结构的方案来得到探测器的位置分辨特性。 通过对模拟结果的分析与比较, 得到一种易于测定探测器位置分辨特性的方法。 该工作不仅可以优化气体探测器结构设计, 缩短实验周期, 而且还能极大程度地节约经费。 In the present work, the spatial resolution of Micromegas as a neutron detector was simulated with GEANT4 and Garfield program. The polyethylene foil was used as neutron converter. A new method based on structural setting on the top layer of the detector was adopted to obtain spatial resolution. According to our simulation, it turned out to be a better spatial resolution, and this method was easily realized in experiment.     

New physical model to explain logarithmic time dependence of data retention in flash EEPROM

Data retention after program/erase (P/E) cycles is one of the most important reliability issues in a flash EEPROM. Electron detrapping is the main cause of data leakage in the state-of-the-art flash EEPROM. The log(t) dependence of ΔV_th is a unique aspect of the electron detrapping. To explain log(t) dependence, we have assumed that after electron detrapping, the positive-ionized trap reduces the probability of electrons in the influence area being emitted from their site. Based on this assumption, we have proposed a model of detrapping which is consistent with the experimental results.