Resistivity of metallic systems with a strong dynamic disorder

The spin-correlation length is used to set up a RG analysis of the Hubbard model (within RPA). We demonstrate that an identical critical behaviour is obtained by performing the macroscopic renormalization group analysis with the antisymmetric Landau interaction parameter. The beta functions for the half-filled and quarter-filled band cases have been evaluated.     

Electrical resistivity and glassy behaviour in crystalline metallic alloys

Positional disorder due to loss of translational symmetry is suggested as being responsible for most of the concentration dependence of the electrical resistivity of certain disordered transition metal alloys. It is then argued that in such cases the existence of tunneling states should be observable at low temperatures. Measurements of the thermal conductivity on Ti_0.67V_0.33 between 0.06 and 10 K confirm this conjecture.     

Experimental study on electrical resistivity measurement of a specimen at high temperature

A new technique is developed to measure the electrical resistivity of conductor with a nonuniform tem- perature profile. The calculation method is derived from the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity. The apparatus consists mainly of a high temperature environmental chamber, a power circuit of heating, a twenty-wavelength pyrometer, and a scanning pyrometer. After getting the resistance from the voltage drop of the specimen, the electrical resistivity in a wide temperature range of the specimen can be obtained by our calculation model. Preliminary results of the electrical resistivity of SRM 8424 over a wide temperature range （1000-3000 K） are presented. The perfect consistency between the measurement results and the nominal values justifies the validity of this technique.     

On metallic gratings coated conformally with isotropic negative-phase-velocity materials

Application of the differential method (also called the C method) to plane-wave diffraction by a perfectly conducting, sinusoidally corrugated metallic grating coated with a linear, homogeneous, isotropic, lossless dielectric-magnetic material shows that coating materials with negative index of refraction may deliver enhanced maximum nonspecular reflection efficiencies in comparison to coating materials with positive index of refraction.     

Spin disorder resistivity of spin glasses with application to AgMn

The impurity resistivity due to scattering from disordered spins is calculated for temperatures above the ordering temperature T₀. It varies linearly around T₀, but shows a maximum at higher temperatures, in agreement with experiment.     

Magneto-optical properties of metallic ferromagnetic materials

The authors have studied the magneto-optical Kerr rotation in more than 200 metallic systems comprising alloys as well as intermetallic compounds of 3d transition metals. For all these materials the crystal structure, the lattice constants, the room temperature magnetization and the room temperature Kerr rotation at two different wavelengths are specified. For several series of ternary compounds, comprising Heusler alloys Ni₂ In-type compounds and Cr₂₃C₆ type compounds, we determined the saturation moment at 4.2 K. For a number of representative alloys or compounds a study was also made of the wavelength dependence of the complex polar Kerr effect. The values of the Kerr rotation obtained at 633 nm were compared with the corresponding values of the measured magnetization. Systematic trends were observed and have been used to classify metallic systems into systems where the Kerr rotation will not reach values much in excess of 1° and systems where higher values are likely to be found.     

Interactions of dislocations with disconnections in fcc metallic nanolayered materials

Embedded-atom method potentials and atomistic models of coherent (010) interfaces were used to study slip across interfaces in cube-on-cube oriented Cu/Ni nanolayered materials. (111) disconnections form during slip across Cu–Ni interfaces and become significant barriers to continued deformation. A significant barrier exists for the flat coherent interface owing to the large coherency stresses in the Cu/Ni layers that must be overcome by applied stresses but, once these have been overcome, interface transection occurs readily. A disconnection adds an additional barrier because of a residual dislocation with a Burgers vector magnitude equal to the difference between b _Cu and b _Ni. This barrier depends on the position of the disconnection relative to the glide plane of the transecting glide dislocation and on the disconnection height. Disconnections cause work hardening that prevents shear band formation during deformation and encourages homogeneous shear processes. Disconnection energies are shown to be relatively small and to depend on the disconnection type and size.     

铁电阴极材料压电系数在电子发射过程中的实验规律

 作为一种新型功能材料，铁电阴极材料的研究日益受人们重视。对铁电材料进行电子发射试验时，偶然观测到材料压电系数随着电子发射次数的增多，其数值大小渐次先由高降低至零，然后又开始反向增大并逐渐稳定于某一绝对值,该绝对值略小于预极化初始值，而在这变化过程中，材料的电子发射电流密度基本恒定。对此进行重复验证以及系统考察发现，压电系数的这种变化规律，为铁电材料电子发射时所普遍遵循，这为铁电电子发射的机理研究探索又提供了一种新的实验现象。     

Free volume dependence of the electrical resistivity of metallic glasses prepared with different quenching rates

Measurements of the electrical resistivity ρ and its temperature coefficient α have been performed on amorphous ribbons prepared with different quenching rates. The variation of ρ and α with the degree of free volume frozen in these alloys is interpreted in terms of a theory based on the Ziman approach to the resistivity of metallic glasses.     

Measurement of the resistivity of porous materials with an alternating air-flow method

Air-flow resistivity is a main parameter governing the acoustic behavior of porous materials for sound absorption. The international standard ISO 9053 specifies two different methods to measure the air-flow resistivity, namely a steady-state air-flow method and an alternating air-flow method. The latter is realized by the measurement of the sound pressure at 2 Hz in a small rigid volume closed partially by the test sample. This cavity is excited with a known volume-velocity sound source implemented often with a motor-driven piston oscillating with prescribed area and displacement magnitude. Measurements at 2 Hz require special instrumentation and care. The authors suggest an alternating air-flow method based on the ratio of sound pressures measured at frequencies higher than 2 Hz inside two cavities coupled through a conventional loudspeaker. The basic method showed that the imaginary part of the sound pressure ratio is useful for the evaluation of the air-flow resistance. Criteria are discussed about the choice of a frequency range suitable to perform simplified calculations with respect to the basic method. These criteria depend on the sample thickness, its nonacoustic parameters, and the measurement apparatus as well. The proposed measurement method was tested successfully with various types of acoustic materials.     

L波段金属光子晶体TEM-TE_(11)模式转换器实验研究

介绍了光子晶体模式转换器将TEM模转换为TE11模的验证实验测试结果。数值仿真得到中心频率1.31GHz上,该模式转换器转换效率大于99%;在1.27~1.376GHz频率上,模式转换器效率大于90%,相对带宽为8.1%。先后对其开展了微波暗室中的冷测实验以及在加速器平台上的热测实验,实验测试的辐射方向图结果与数值计算结果基本一致,输出微波模式均为典型的TE11模分布。热测实验表明所设计的模式转换器具有GW级功率容量。     

Anomalous resistivity of lithium at high dynamic pressure

The experimental investigation of lithium compressed by multiple shock waves to a pressure of 210 GPa demonstrates the abnormal dependence of electrical resistivity. Contrary to normal metal behavior, the resistivity monotonically increases in the pressure range 30–150 GPa by more than 15 times from a typical metallic value at ambient conditions and reverts to a metallic value at a pressure higher than 160–210 GPa. The obtained results demonstrate the anomalous resistivity of lithium both in solid and in liquid states.     

Analysis of precipitates in ultrafine-grained metallic materials

In the present work, new possibilities of the X-ray diffraction for investigations of the phase composition, size, shape and volume fraction of particles in ultrafine-grained ferritic/martensitic steel and the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy have been demonstrated. For the first time, the method of X-ray diffraction in the transmission mode was used to identify particles with a volume fraction of less than one percent in the ultrafine-grained materials studied. The small-angle X-ray scattering method was used to estimate the size and shape of dispersed particles. Specific features of the ultrafine-grained structure determined by the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies were used for estimation of dispersion hardening in the samples obtained by equal-channel angular pressing in comparison with the samples subjected to standard treatment.