Speciation of water-soluble titanium citrate: Synthesis,structural, spectroscopic properties and biological relevance

Titanium(IV) citrate complexes with different anions Na₃[Ti(H₂cit)₂(Hcit)] · 9H₂O (1), K₄[Ti(H₂cit)(Hcit)₂] · 4H₂O (2), K₅[Ti(Hcit)₃] · 4H₂O (3) and Na₇[TiH(cit)₃] · 18H₂O (4) (H₄cit = citric acid) were isolated in pure forms from the solutions of titanate and citrate at various pH values. X-ray structural analyses revealed the presence of a monomeric tricitrato titanium unit in the four complexes. Each Ti(IV) ion is coordinated octahedrally by the three citrate ligands in different protonated forms. The citrate ligand chelates bidentately to the titanium ion through its negatively charged α-alkoxy and α-carboxy groups. This is consistent with the large downfield ¹³C NMR shifts for the carbon atoms bearing the α-alkoxy and α-carboxy groups. The very strong hydrogen-bonds existing in the protonated and deprotonated β-carboxy groups may be the key factor for the stabilization of the titanium citrate complexes. When the pH value is lower than 7.0, ¹³C NMR spectra of 1:3 Ti:citrate solutions are similar to those of the titanium citrate complexes isolated at the corresponding pH values. The dissociation of free citrate increases with the rise of pH value. However, ¹³C NMR spectra of 1:3 Ti:citrate solutions indicate that there may exist different citrate titanium species when the pH value is higher than 7.0.     

Synthesis and characterization of cyclopentadienyl/alkoxo titanium dichlorides: structural analysis of monocyclopentadienyl titanium dichlorides with ligands derived from menthol and borneol

A variety of monocyclopentadienyl alkoxo titanium dichloride and bisalkoxo titanium dichloride complexes have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The titanium derivatives containing both cyclopentadienyl and various alkoxo ligands [Ti(η⁵-C₅H₅)(OR)Cl₂] (1-5) have been synthesized from the reaction of [Ti(η⁵-C₅H₅)Cl₃] with 1 equivalent of the corresponding alcohol in THF in the presence of triethylamine (ROH = Adamantanol, 1R,2S,5R-(−)-menthol, 1S-endo-(−)-borneol, cis-1,3-(−)-benzylideneglycerol, 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranose). The bisalkoxo titanium dichloride derivatives [TiCl₂(OR)₂] (6-10) have been prepared by a redistribution reaction between Ti(OR)₄ and TiCl₄ compounds 6-8 (OR = Adamantanoxy, (1R,2S,5R)-(−)menthoxy, (1S-endo)-(−)-borneoxy) and by reaction of [Ti(OR)₂(OPrⁱ)₂]₂ with CH₃COCl compounds 9 and 10 (OR = 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranoxy, and 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranoxy). The molecular structures of 2 and 3 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.     

Study of complexes of platinum group metals containing nitrogen bases derived from pyridine aldehydes: Interesting molecular structures with unpredicted bonding modes of the ligands

A series of mono-cationic dinuclear half sandwich ruthenium, rhodium and iridium metal complexes have been synthesized using ((pyridin-2-yl)methylimino)nicotinamide (L1) and ((picolinamido)phenyl)picolinamide (L2) ligands: [(η⁶-arene)₂Ru₂(μ-L1)Cl₃]⁺ (arene = C₆H₆, 1; p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me, 2; C₆Me₆, 3), [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂M₂(μ-L1)Cl₃]⁺ (M = Rh, 4; Ir, 5), and [(η⁶-arene)₂Ru₂(μ-L2)(μ-Cl)]⁺ (arene = C₆H₆, 6; p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me, 7; C₆Me₆, 8), [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂M₂(μ-L2)Cl₂]⁺ (M = Rh, 9; Ir, 10). All the complexes have been isolated as their hexafluorophosphate salts and fully characterized by use of a combination of NMR and IR spectroscopy. The solid state structure of three representatives 4, 6 and 9 has been determined by X-ray crystallographic studies. Interestingly, in the molecular structure of 4, the first metal is bonded to two nitrogen atoms whereas the second metal center is coordinated to only one nitrogen atom with two terminal chloride ligands. Fascinatingly in the case of the complexes with the symmetrical ligand L2, both ruthenium centers having η⁶-arene groups are bonded to nitrogen atoms with a bridging chloride atom between the two metal centers, whereas the metals with η⁵-Cp∗ groups are bonded to the ligand N,O and N,N fashion.     

Emission of 2-phenylethanol from its β-d-glucopyranoside and the biogenesis of these compounds from [H8] l-phenylalanine in rose flowers

The hydrolysis of 2-phenylethyl β-d-glucopyranoside (3) was found to be partially inhibited by feeding with 2-phenyl-N-glucosyl-acetamidiumbromide (8), a β-glucosidase inhibitor, resulting in a decrease in the diurnal emission of 2-phenylethanol (2) from Rosa damascena Mill. flowers. Detection of [1,1,2,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-²H₈]-2 and [1,2,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-²H₇]-2 from R. ‘Hoh-Jun’ flowers fed with [1,1,2,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-²H₈]-3 suggested that β-glucosidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and reductase might be involved in scent emission. Comprehensive GC-SIM analyses revealed that [1,2,2,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-²H₈]-2 and [1,2,2,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-²H₈]-3 must be biosynthesized from [1,2,2,2′,3′,4′,5′6′-²H₈] l-phenylalanine ([²H₈]-1) with a retention of the deuterium atom at α-position of [²H₈]-1.     

Cation-anion interactions involving hydrogen bonds: Syntheses and crystal structures study of hexafluorotitanate(IV) salts with pyridine and methyl substituted pyridines

Fluorotitanates (LH)₂[TiF₆]·nH₂O (1: R = pyridine, n = 1, 2: R = 2-picoline, n = 2, 3: R = 2,6-lutidine, n = 0, 4: R = 2,4,6-collidine, n = 0) and (LH)[TiF₅(H₂O)] (3a: L = 2,6-lutidine) have been synthesized by the reaction of pyridine or corresponding methyl substituted pyridines and titanium dioxide dissolved in hydrofluoric acid. The crystal structures of ionic compounds 1, 2, 3, 3a and 4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The hydrogen bonding led to the formation of discrete (LH)₂[TiF₆] units (4), chains (1-3), and layers (3a). The additional π-π interactions present in 1, 2, and 4 results in chain structures of 1 and 4 and in a layer structure of 2. The [TiF₆]²⁻ and [TiF₅(H₂O)]⁻ anions were observed by ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solutions of 1, 2, 3, 3a and 4.     

Syntheses, structures and photoluminescence of a series of coordination frameworks based on dicarboxylate anion and bis(imidazole) ligand

In this article, ten new coordination frameworks, namely, [Ni(H₂O)₆]·(L3) (1), [Zn(L3)(H₂O)₃] (2), [Cd(L3)(H₂O)₃]·5.25H₂O (3), [Ag(L1)(H₂O)]·0.5(L3) (4), [Ni(L3)(L1)] (5), [Zn(L3)(L1)_0.5]·H₂O (6), [Cd(L3)(L1)_0.5(H₂O)] (7), [CoCl(L3)_0.5(L1)_0.5] (8), [ZnCl(L3)_0.5(L2)_0.5] (9), and [CoCl(L3)_0.5(L2)_0.5] (10), where L1 = 1,1′-(1,4)-butanediyl)bis(imidazole), L2 = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(2-ethylbenzimidazole) and H₂L3 = 3,3′-(p-xylylenediamino)bis(benzoic acid), have been synthesized by varying the metal centers and nitrogen-containing secondary ligands. These structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses and IR spectra. In 1, the L3 anion is not coordinated to the Ni(II) center as a free ligand. The Ni(II) ion is coordinated by water molecules to form the cationic [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex. The hydrogen bonds between L3 anions and [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ cations result in a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure of 1. In compounds 2 and 3, the metal centers are linked by the organic L3 anions to generate 1D infinite chain structures, respectively. The hydrogen bonds between carboxylate oxygen atoms and water molecules lead the structures of 2 and 3 to form 3D supramolecular structures. In 4, the L3 anion is not coordinated to the Ag(I) center, while the L1 ligands bridge adjacent Ag(I) centers to give 1D Ag-L1 chains. The hydrogen bonds among neighboring L3 anions form infinite 2D honeycomb-like layers, in the middle of which there exist large windows. Then, 1D Ag-L1 chains thread in the large windows of the 2D layer network, giving a 3D polythreaded structure. Considering the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and L3 anions, the structure is further linked into a 3D supramolecular structure. Compounds 5 and 7 were synthesized through their parent compounds 1 and 3, respectively, while 6 and 9 were obtained by their parent compound 2. In 5, the L3 anions and L1 ligands connect the Ni(II) atoms to give a 3D 3-fold interpenetrating dimondoid topology. Compound 6 exhibits a 3D three-fold interpenetrating α-Po network structure formed by L1 ligands connecting Zn-L3 sheets, while compound 7 shows a 2D (4,4) network topology with the L1 ligands connecting the Cd-L3 double chains. In compound 8, the L1 ligands linked Co-L3 chains into a 2D layer structure. Two mutual 2D layers interpenetrated in an inclined mode to generate a unique 3D architecture of 8. Compounds 9 and 10 display the same 2D layer structures with (4,4) network topologies. The effects of the N-containing ligands and the metal ions on the structures of the complexes 1-10 were discussed. In addition, the luminescent properties of compounds 2-4, 6, 7 and 9 were also investigated.     

Syntheses, structures and properties of 3D inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks constructed from lanthanide polymer and Keggin-type tungstosilicate

Inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks, namely [Ce(H₂O)₃(pdc)]₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀]·6H₂O 1, [M(H₂O)₄(pdc)]₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀]·2H₂O (M=Ce for 2a, La for 2b, Nd for 2c; H₂pdc=pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) were assembled through incorporation of Keggin-type heteropolyanion [SiW₁₂O₄₀]⁴⁻ within the voids of lanthanides-pdc network as pillars or guests under hydrothermal condition. Single-crystal X-ray analyses of these crystals reveal that compound 1 presents 3D pillar-layered framework with the [SiW₁₂O₄₀]⁴⁻ anions located on the square voids of the two-dimensional Ce-pdc bilayer. Compounds 2a-c are isostructural and constructed from 3D Ln-pdc-based metal-organic framework (MOF) incorporating noncoordinating guests Keggin structure [SiW₁₂O₄₀]⁴⁻. Solid-state properties of compounds 1 and 2a-c such as thermal stability and photoluminescence have been further investigated.     

Hydrothermal assembly of (3,6)-connected networks with classical mineral structures constructed from Anderson-type heteropolymolybdate and metal cations

A series of 3D heteropolymolybdates, (NH₄)₂{[M(H₂O)₃]₂[TeMo₆O₂₄]}·H₂O (M=Mn(1), Co(2), Ni(3), Cu(4), and Zn(5)) and [Ln(H₂O)₄]₂[TeMo₆O₂₄]·3H₂O (Ln=La(6), Ce(7), and Nd(8)), has been isolated from hydrothermal reactions and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, X-ray crystallography and magnetic properties. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compounds 1-8 possess unusual (3,6)-connected networks constructed from Anderson-type anions [TeMo₆O₂₄]⁶⁻ and transion metal or rare-earth metal cations. Compounds 1-5 are of highly symmetrical structures with pyrite-like topology in which [TeMo₆O₂₄]⁶⁻ anions act as 6-connected sites and transition metal cations act as 3-connected sites. Compounds 6-8 crystallize in symmetrical space groups lower than that of 1-5 exhibiting rutile-like topology with [TeMo₆O₂₄]⁶⁻ anions acting as 6-connected sites and rare-earth metal cations acting as 3-connected sites. The magnetic properties of 1-4 are also presented.     

Syntheses, crystal structures and properties of Co(II) complexes with N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethyleneimine (bpb), and Cd(II), Hg(II) complexes with reduced bpb

Five novel coordination polymers, [Co(bpb)₂Cl₂] (1), [Co(bpb)₂(SCN)₂] (2), [Cd(H₄bpb)_0.5(dmf)(NO₃)₂] (3), [Cd₂(H₄bpb)Br₄] (4), and [Hg₂(H₄bpb)I₄] (5) [bpb=N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethyleneimine, H₄bpb=N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethylamine], were synthesized and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. In the solid state, complex 1 is a 1D hinged chain, while 2 has 2D network structure with the ligand bpb serving as a bridging ligand using its two pyridyl N atoms. The imine N atoms keep free of coordination and bpb acts as a bidentate ligand in both 1 and 2. Complexes 3, 4, and 5 with reduced bpb ligand, i.e. H₄bpb, show similar 2D network structure, in which ligand H₄bpb serves as a tetradentate ligand. Thermogravimetric analyses for complexes 1-5 were carried out and found that they have high thermal stability. The magnetic susceptibilities of compounds 1, 2 were measured over a temperature range of 75-300 K.     

1,n′-Disubstituted ferrocenoyl amino acids and dipeptides: Conformational analysis by CD spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT calculations

An experimental and computational study on the conformational preference of 1,n′-disubstituted ferrocenoyl amino acids and dipeptides is presented. Only l-amino acids were used for the synthesis of Fe[C₅H₄-CO-Met-Met-OMe]₂ (4), but according to the X-ray structure a 4:1 mixture of l,d,M,d,l and l,d,M,l,l isomers is obtained (l describes amino acid chirality and M the helical chirality of the ferrocene core). This result is in agreement with IR and CD solution phase data and can be explained with a racemization by 1 M NaOH during the synthesis. In order to determine the relative stabilities of the different conformations, DFT calculations on model compounds Fe[C₅H₄-CO-Gly-NH₂]₂ (5) and Fe[C₅H₄-CO-Ala-OMe]₂ (6) were performed using the B3LYP/LanL2DZ method with ECPs on the heavy atoms. Conformers 5A-5C with different hydrogen bond patterns have significantly different stabilities with a stabilization by about 30 kJ mol⁻¹ per hydrogen bond. The “Herrick conformation” 5A with two hydrogen bonds is the most stable in the gas phase, in accordance with the solution and solid phase data. In contrast, only small energetic differences (less than 10 kJ mol⁻¹) were calculated for conformers l,P,l-6A, l,P,d-6A and d,P,d-6A, which differ only in amino acid chirality.     

New copper(II) 1D polymer containing dimethyl(phenylsulfonyl)amidophosphate: Synthesis,crystal structure and magnetic properties

The reaction of sodium dimethyl(phenylsulfonyl)amidophosphate NaL (HL = C₆H₅SO₂NHP(O)(OCH₃)₂) with Cu(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O and o-bpe (1,2-bis(pyridine-2-yl)ethane) in appropriate ratios, afford the formation of 1D coordination polymer [Cu(L)₂ · o-bpe]_n in good yield. The crystal structures of HL (1) and [Cu(L)₂ · o-bpe]_n (2) are reported. In the crystal package the molecules of 1 are linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by the phosphoryl oxygen atoms which serve as acceptors and nitrogen atoms of amide groups as donors. The crystal structure of 2 indicates the presence of unsaturated Cu(L)₂ unit bridged by o-bpe ligand in the one-dimensional polymeric chain. The Cu(II) atoms have distorted 4 + 2 octahedral CuO₄N₂ environment formed by the oxygen atoms belonging to the sulfonyl and phosphoryl groups of two deprotonated chelate ligands and nitrogen atoms of the bridging o-bpe ligands.     

Synthesis and structural studies of some titanium and zirconium complexes with chiral bis(amide), amidinate or bis(amidinate) ligands

Reaction of bis(amide) sodium Na₂[(1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-(NSiMe₃)₂-C₆H₁₀] (Na₂[L¹]) with Ti(OiPr)₂Cl₂ in different conditions gave mixed-ligand complexes [Ti(OiPr)Cl][L¹] (1) or [Ti(OiPr)₂Cl]₂[L¹] (2); 2 is a dinuclear titanium example in which Ti atoms are bridged by nitrogen and oxygen atoms simultaneously forming a distorted rhombic core. Reaction of the amine-amidinate ligand (1R,2R)-(−)-1-Li[NC(Ph)N(SiMe₃)]-2-(NHSiMe₃)-C₆H₁₀(Li[L²]) or rarely linked bis(amidinate) ligand Li₂[(1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-{NC(Ph)N(SiMe₃)}₂-C₆H₁₀](Li₂[L³]) with ZrCl₄ yielded the unbridged and bridged bis(amidinate) complexes ZrCl₂[L²]₂ (3) and [ZrCl₂(THF)][L³] (4), respectively; Moreover, the reaction of (1R,2R)-(−)-1-Li[NC(Ph)N(SiMe₃)]-2-Li(NSiMe₃)C₆H₁₀(Li₂[L²]) with Ti(OiPr)₂Cl₂ gave a new type of tridentate amido-amidinate product [Ti(OiPr)₂][L²] (6), which is a distinct model compared to [Ti(OiPr)₂Cl][L²] (5) yielded from Li[L²]. All the products have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and the structural studies are presented detailedly comparing with relevant compounds.     

Synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity of titanium complexes with new chiral 11,12-diamino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-based ligands

A new series of organo-titanium complexes have been prepared from the reaction between Ti(NMe₂)₄ and C₂-symmetric ligands, (R,R)-11,12-bis(pyrrol-2-ylmethyleneamino)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene (1H₂), and (R,R)-bis(diphenylthiophosphoramino)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene (2H₂), (R,R)-11,12-bis(mesitylenesulphonylamino)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene (3H₂) and (R,R)-bis(diphenylthiophosphoramino)-1,2-cyclohexane (4H₂). Treatment of Ti(NMe₂)₄ with 1 equiv of 1H₂ gives, after recrystallization from a benzene solution, the binuclear double helicate titanium amide (1)₂[Ti(NMe₂)₂]₂⋅(5) in 71% yield. While under similar reaction conditions, reaction of Ti(NMe₂)₄ with 1 equiv of 2H₂, 3H₂ or 4H₂ gives, after recrystallization from a toluene or benzene solution, the mononuclear single helicate titanium amides (2)Ti(NMe₂)₂ (6), (3)Ti(NMe₂)₂ (7) and (4)Ti(NMe₂)₂ (8), respectively, in good yields. All new compounds have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, and elemental analyses. The solid-state structures of complexes 5-8 have further been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The titanium amides are active catalysts for the polymerization of rac-lactide, leading to the isotactic-rich polylactides.     

Effect of ortho-substituents on the stereochemistry of 2-(o-substituted phenyl)-1H-imidazoline-palladium complexes

Palladium complexes composed of [Pd(Ln)₂Cl₂] (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6), [L5a]₂[PdCl₄] and [Pd(L5b)₂], where L1 = 4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole (=2-phenyl-1H-imidazoline), L2 = 2-(o-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazoline, L3 = 2-(o-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazoline, L4 = 2-(o-tert-butylphenyl)-1H-imidazoline, L5a = 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-imidazolinium, L5b = 2-(1H-imidazolin-2-yl)phenolate, and L6 = 2-(o-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole, were synthesized. Molecular structures of the isolated palladium complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of ortho-substituents on the phenyl ring on trans-chlorine geometry was noted for complexes [Pd(L1)₂Cl₂] 1a and 1b, [Pd(L2)₂Cl₂] 2 and [Pd(L6)₂Cl₂] 6, whereas cis-chlorine geometry was observed for [Pd(L3)₂Cl₂] 3 and [Pd(L4)₂Cl₂] 4. PdCl₂ reacts with 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-imidazoline in DMF to give [L5a]⁺ and [L5b]^- so that [L5a]₂[PdCl₄] 5a and [Pd(L5b)₂] 5b were obtained. In complex 5b, as an N,O-bidentate ligand, two ligands L5b coordinated with the central Pd(II) ion in the trans-form. The coordination of PdCl₂ with 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-imidazolines in solution was investigated by NMR spectroscopy.     

Two isotypic diphosphates LiM2H3(P2O7)2 (M=Ni, Co) containing ferromagnetic zigzag MO6 chains

Two new isotypic phosphates LiNi₂H₃(P₂O₇)₂ (1) and LiCo₂H₃(P₂O₇)₂ (2) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. They crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the lattice: a=10.925(2) Å, b=12.774(3) Å, c=8.8833(18) Å, β=123.20(3)° for 1 and a=10.999(2) Å, b=12.863(3) Å, c=8.9419(18) Å, β=123.00(3)° for 2. The transition metal atoms are octahedrally coordinated, whereas the lithium and phosphorus atoms are all tetrahedrally coordinated. As the lithium-induced derivatives of MH₂P₂O₇ (M=Ni, Co), 1 and 2 possess the same structure with MH₂P₂O₇ in terms of topology, comprising the MO₆ zigzag chains and P₂O₇ as the interchain groups. The magnetisms of 1 and 2 could be interpreted by adopting a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) zigzag chain model as that in their parent compounds: both 1 and 2 have ferromagnetic (FM) NiO₆/CoO₆ chains; 1 shows a FM cluster glass behavior at low temperatures, which is originated from the possible antiferromagnetic (AFM) next-nearest-neighbour intrachain interactions; 2 shows a AFM ordering at T_N=2.6 K and a metamagnetic transition at H_C=4.2 kOe at 1.8 K.     

New iminophosphorane-mediated synthesis of thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones and 5H-2,3-dithia-5,7-diaza-cyclopenta[c,d]indenes

Mono(iminophosphorane) 4 was selectively prepared from the reaction of 3,4-diaminothieno[2,3-b]thiophene 3 with excess triphenylphosphine, C₂Cl₆, and Et₃N due to intramolecular double hydrogen bond formation. Mono(iminophosphorane) 4 reacted with aromatic isocyanates to give stable carbodiimides 8, which were further treated with aliphatic secondary or primary amines to give 2-amino substituted thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 10 or 12 in the presence of a catalytic amounts of EtO⁻Na⁺. However, in the presence of a catalytic amounts of potassium carbonate, the carbodiimides 8 were transformed into previously unreported 5H-2,3-dithia-5,7-diaza-cyclopenta[c,d]indenes 13 via direct cyclization in high yields. The reaction of carbodiimides 8 with phenols in the presence of a catalytic amounts of potassium carbonate gave a mixture of 2-aryloxy substituted thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 14 and 13. X-ray structure analysis of 10m supported the structure and the proposed reactivity of amino group.     

0-D and 1-D inorganic-organic composite polyoxotungstates constructed from in-situ generated monocopper-substituted Keggin polyoxoanions and copper-organoamine complexes

Combination of in-situ generated monocopper^II-substituted Keggin polyoxoanions with copper^II-organoamine complexes under hydrothermal conditions results in seven inorganic-organic composite polyoxotungstates [Cu(en)₂(H₂O)]₂{[Cu(en)₂][α-PCuW₁₁O₃₉Cl]}·3H₂O (1), {[Cu(en)₂(H₂O)][Cu(en)₂]₂[α-PCuW₁₁O₃₉Cl]}·6H₂O (2), {[Cu(en)₂(H₂O)]₂[Cu(en)₂][α-XCuW₁₁O₃₉]}·5H₂O (3/4, X=Si^IV/Ge^IV), {[Cu(deta)(H₂O)₂]₂[Cu(deta)(H₂O)][α-XCuW₁₁O₃₉]}·5H₂O (5/6, X=Ge^IV/Si^IV) and [Cu(dap)₂]₂{[Cu(dap)₂]₂[Cu(dap)₂][α-PCuW₁₁O₃₉]₂} (7) (en=ethylenediamine, dap=1,2-diaminopropane and deta=diethylenetriamine). 1 is an isolated structure whereas 2 is a 1-D chain structure, but both contain [α-PCuW₁₁O₃₉Cl]⁶⁻ polyoxoanions. 3-6 contain the 1-D linear chains made up of [α-XCuW₁₁O₃₉]⁶⁻ polyoxoanions in the pattern of -A-A-A- (A=[α-XCuW₁₁O₃₉]⁶⁻), while 7 demonstrates the first 1-D zigzag chain constructed from [α-PCuW₁₁O₃₉]₂¹⁰⁻ polyoxoanions via [Cu(en)₂]²⁺ bridges in the pattern of -A-B-A-B- (A=[α-PCuW₁₁O₃₉]₂¹⁰⁻, B=[Cu(en)₂]²⁺). The successful syntheses of 1-7 can provide some experimental evidences that di-/tri-/hexa-vacant polyoxoanions can be transformed into mono-vacant Keggin polyoxoanions under hydrothermal conditions.     

Structural diversity of di and triorganotin complexes with 4-sulfanylbenzoic acid: Supramolecular structures involving intermolecular Sn?O, O-H?O or C-H?X (X = O or S) interactions

Twelve new organotin complexes with 4-sulfanylbenzoic acid of two types: R_nSn[S(C₆H₄COOH)]_4−n (I) (n = 3: R = Me 1, n-Bu 2, Ph 3; PhCH₂4; n = 2: R = Me 5; n-Bu 6, Ph 7, PhCH₂8) and R₃Sn(SC₆H₄COO)SnR₃ · mEtOH (II) (m = 0: R = Me 9, n-Bu 10, PhCH₂12; m = 2: R = Ph 11), along with the 4,4′-bipy adduct of 9, [Me₃Sn(SC₆H₄COO)SnMe₃]₂(4,4-bipy) 13, have been synthesized. The coordination behavior of 4-sulfanylbenzoic acid is monodentate in 1-8 by thiol S atom but not carboxylic oxygen atom. While, in 9-13 it behaves as multidenate by both thiol S atom and carboxylic oxygen atoms. The supramolecular structures of 6, 11 and 13 have been found to consist of 1D molecular chains built up by intermolecular O-H?O, C-H?O or C-H?S hydrogen bonds. The supramolecular aggregation of 7 is 2D network determined by two C-H?O hydrogen bonds. Extended intermolecular C-H?O interactions in the crystal lattice of 9 link the molecules into a 2D network.     

Synthesis and characterization of phosphorous-bridged bisphenoxy titanium complexes and their application to ethylene polymerization

Phosphorous-bridged bisphenoxy titanium complexes were synthesized and their ethylene polymerization behavior was investigated. Bis[3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-phenoxy](phenyl)phosphine tetrahydrofuran titanium dichloride (4a) was obtained by treatment of 3 equiv of n-BuLi with bis[3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl](phenyl)phosphine hydrochloride salt (3a) followed by TiCl₄(THF)₂ in THF. THF-free complexes 5a-5d were synthesized more conveniently by the direct reaction of MOM-protected ligands (2a-2d) with TiCl₄ in toluene. X-ray analysis of 4a revealed that the ligand is bonded to the octahedral titanium (IV) center in a facial fashion and two chlorine atoms possess cis-geometry. Complexes 4a and 5a-5d were utilized as catalyst precursors for ethylene polymerization. Complex 5c gave high molecular weight polyethylene (M_w = 1,170,000, M_w/M_n = 2.0) upon activation with Al(ⁱBu)₃/[Ph₃C][B(C₆F₅)₄] (TB). Ethylene polymerization activity of 5d activated with Al(ⁱBu)₃/TB reached 49.0 × 10⁶ g mol (cat) ⁻¹ h⁻¹.     

Study of half sandwich platinum group metal complexes containing tetradentate N-donor ligand bearing two di-pyridylamine units linked by an aromatic spacer

A general approach for the preparation of dinuclear η⁵- and η⁶-cyclic hydrocarbon platinum group metal complexes, viz. [(η⁶-arene)₂Ru₂(NN∩NN)Cl₂]²⁺ (arene = C₆H₆, 1; p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me, 2; C₆Me₆, 3), [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂M₂(NN∩NN)Cl₂]²⁺ (M = Rh, 4; Ir, 5), [(η⁵-C₅H₅)₂M₂(NN∩NN)(PPh₃)₂]²⁺ (M = Ru, 6; Os, 7), [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂Ru₂(NN∩NN)(PPh₃)₂]²⁺ (8) and [(η⁵-C₉H₇)₂Ru₂(NN∩NN)(PPh₃)₂]²⁺ (9), bearing the bis-bidentate ligand 1,2-bis(di-2-pyridylaminomethyl)benzene (NN∩NN), which contains two chelating di-pyridylamine units connected by an aromatic spacer, is reported. The cationic dinuclear complexes have been isolated as their hexafluorophosphate or hexafluoroantimonate salts and characterized by use of a combination of NMR, IR and UV-vis spectroscopic methods and by mass spectrometry. The solid state structure of three derivatives, [2][SbF₆]₂, [3][PF₆]₂ and [4][PF₆]₂, has been determined by X-ray structure analysis.