稠油的可控氧化热采：MnO2催化剂上的重油低温氧化分解行为

采用MnO2纳米催化剂促进稠油重组分的低温氧化裂解及高温氧化生热,进而促进火烧油层技术在超稠油油藏开发中的应用,提高火烧油层技术的采收率.结果表明, MnO2促进了稠油的低温裂解,高温生热量并不随燃料沉积量的减少而降低. MnO2的加入促进了低温下小分子的生成,并使高温氧化反应更加温和,提高了高温产物的氧化度.相比无催化剂的氧化反应, MnO2使稠油的低温氧化和高温氧化的表观活化能分别降低了10–30 kJ/mol和20–40 kJ/mol.     

稠油的可控氧化热采：MnO2催化剂上的重油低温氧化分解行为

采用MnO2纳米催化剂促进稠油重组分的低温氧化裂解及高温氧化生热,进而促进火烧油层技术在超稠油油藏开发中的应用,提高火烧油层技术的采收率.结果表明, MnO2促进了稠油的低温裂解,高温生热量并不随燃料沉积量的减少而降低. MnO2的加入促进了低温下小分子的生成,并使高温氧化反应更加温和,提高了高温产物的氧化度.相比无催化剂的氧化反应, MnO2使稠油的低温氧化和高温氧化的表观活化能分别降低了10–30 kJ/mol和20–40 kJ/mol.     

Highly porous CuO/MnO2 catalyst prepared by gas release-assisted technology and its enhancement of formaldehyde removal efficiency

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A porous CuO/MnO2 catalyst was synthesized by a gas release-assisted method. Due to the participation of gases (H2O, NH3, CO2) released from ammonia and...     

Au/γ-MnO2催化剂催化无溶剂条件下甲苯氧化反应

采用氧化还原法制备了α, δ, γ-MnO₂载体, 采用原位还原法制备了Au负载量为0.5%-3.0%的Au/γ-MnO₂催化剂, 并采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和N₂物理吸附等手段对其进行了表征. 透射电镜照片表明Au/γ-MnO₂催化剂中Au颗粒的大小约为10 nm. 采用无溶剂存在下的甲苯氧化反应测试所制备样品的催化活性. 结果表明, 甲苯转化率随着Au负载量的增加而增大. 这是由于Au颗粒数量增多, 尺寸减小的缘故. 同时, 负载Au颗粒对苯甲醛具有较高的选择性. Au/γ-MnO₂催化剂具有良好的重复使用性.     

VOx/SBA-15催化剂上甲苯气相部分氧化

采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量的VOx/SBA-15催化剂。UV-Vis和H2-TPR等表征结果表明,在较低钒负载量下,钒物种的分散程度较高,主要以孤立的VO4 3－以及少量聚合体V－O－V形式存在;钒负载量较高时会有大量的聚合体V－O－V甚至晶相V2O5出现,而且,催化剂的酸性随着钒物种的高度分散而降低。甲苯气相部分氧化反应结果表明,随着钒负载量的提高,苯甲醛的选择性先升后降,CO、CO2等选择性逐渐提高。这是由于催化剂存在大量的聚合体V－O－V和晶相V2O5时,聚集态钒物种表面较多的酸量促使苯甲醛深度氧化。在相同钒负载量下,催化剂VOx/SBA-15的钒物种分散状态优于VOx/MCM-41和VOx/SiO2,从而使得催化剂VOx/SBA-15呈现较高的苯甲醛选择性。     

Nanostructured MnO2: an efficient and robust water oxidation catalyst

Nanostructured MnO(2) exhibits a high turnover frequency for oxygen evolution under visible light and high stability in strong acidic conditions.     

Supported ruthenium catalyst as an effective catalyst for selective oxidation of toluene

The investigation comprised an evaluation of the use of the catalyst 1%Ru/TiO₂ in the liquid-phase conversion of toluene to benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms were deployed to delineate the properties of the supported catalysts. The findings indicated a good catalytic performance by 1%Ru/TiO₂ under green reaction conditions. This performance was deemed a consequence of the spread and loading of Ru on the TiO₂. The reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time, type of support, catalyst preparation method, and activating quantity) were optimized to achieve superior reaction parameters. Catalyst produced via sol-immobilization has higher activity than the one prepared with the wet-impregnation method, which lead to a transformation rate of up to 9.5%, with the selectivity for benzyl alcohol at 92%.     

钴/碳纤维电化学催化氧化甲苯性能研究

以纤维状活性碳吸附Co2+作为电极,在水溶液体系中,高效吸附-电化学催化氧化两步联动法矿化处理气态甲苯。实验结果显示,甲苯通过电化学反应器后能够被有效的降解。在电流密度为0.05 A·cm-2,电解电压为12 V,鼓气速率为80 L·h-1的条件下,甲苯的去除率达90%以上。甲苯降解后的主要产物为苯甲酸。     

MnO2/graphene oxide: A highly efficient catalyst for imine synthesis from alcohols and amines

α‐MnO₂ nanocrystals supported on graphene oxide (α‐MnO₂/GO) was prepared through a soft chemical route and evaluated for the first time as a novel, eco‐friendly and efficient catalyst in the coupling reaction of alcohols and amines to imines. The well‐organized α‐MnO₂/GO was characterized using various techniques. The results show that MnO₂ nanocrystals are highly dispersed on the GO sheets and interconnected with each other, leading to large available surface area, which greatly enhances the catalytic performance of conventional MnO₂. Under mild conditions, the catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity with O₂ serving as terminal oxidant. Various imines can be smoothly obtained in good to excellent yield. Importantly, the catalyst is easily recovered and can be reused six times with no significant loss of activity.     

Highly selective oxidation of alcohols using MnO2/TiO2-ZrO2 as a novel heterogeneous catalyst

MnO₂/TiO₂-ZrO₂, which was synthesized by the adsorption method, demonstrated very high catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes with excellent yields and selectivity in short reaction times. The physical and chemical properties of MnO₂/TiO₂-ZrO₂ were investigated by XRD, XRF, BET, FT-IR and SEM techniques. The influence of the catalyst support (SBA-15, ZSM-5, TiO₂-ZrO₂ and Y), type of metal oxide supported, method of loading and amount of manganese nitrate loading have been thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the catalyst has shown excellent reusability in the process.     

Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-divinylbenzene) supported iron(III) catalyst for selective oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid with H2O2

Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-divinylbenzene) supported iron(III) catalysts were developed for the selective oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid in the presence of H₂O₂. The influence of the DVB content on the capacity of immobilized Fe(III) and on the catalytic activities of the polymeric complexes was investigated. The extent of Fe(III) uptake by the copolymers varied slightly with the concentration of DVB. The catalytic activities generally increase with increasing degree of crosslinker from 2 to 10% and decrease further with increasing the DVB content. Under the optimal conditions (80 °C, 6 h), the catalyst containing 10% DVB was found to be highly efficient in conversion of toluene to benzoic acid with 90% conversion and 96% selectivity.     

整体式催化剂活性组分负载策略及微波催化燃烧甲苯特性

针对催化剂活性组分脱落问题，采用载体预处理和添加硅溶胶的策略来强化活性组分负载，微波单模腔中催化燃烧甲苯以考察催化剂活性，并对牢固负载的催化剂进行表征分析。研究表明，常温下采用10%盐酸溶液对蜂窝状堇青石（CH）载体预处理、硅溶胶添加量与载体吸水量比值为0.125条件下所制备的Cu-Mn-Ce（硅溶胶）/CH催化剂脱落率为0.0129%，明显低于Cu-Mn-Ce/CH催化剂的0.950%。Cu-Mn-Ce（硅溶胶）/CH催化剂具有更小的活性颗粒尺寸、更大的比表面积和更多样的活性晶体，在甲苯进气浓度1000 mg/m³、进气量0.12 m³/h、微波功率200 W和床层温度350℃条件下，催化剂对甲苯的催化燃烧效率和矿化率分别为98.5%和87.9%；连续实验43 h后，催化剂活性保持稳定且活性组分脱落率低（0.0328%）。硅溶胶的添加增强了活性组分与载体之间的相互作用力，生成的硅氧烷化学键提高了活性组分的结合牢固度。     

Design and synthesis of the honeycomb PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst for propane dehydrogenation

A novel PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was designed and synthesized for the propane dehydrogenation reaction, which was a significant transformation in industry. Experimental results showed that although the propane conversion and the propylene selectivity gradually fell down along with the reaction time, the descent speed of the PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was slower than that of the granule catalyst and the propane conversion and propylene selectivity of the reaction with monolithic catalyst still remained at a high level after 12 hr. The monolithic catalyst had regular pore structure that facilitated the separation of the product from the catalyst and reduced the limitation on internal and external diffusion and mass transfer, and led to the high catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst could be easily fabricated and was of highly industrial application potential.     

Hot-injection synthesis of iron/iron oxide core/shell nanoparticles for T2 contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging

Here we report a new, bench-top synthesis for iron/iron oxide core/shell nanoparticles via the thermal decomposition of Fe(η(5)-C(6)H(3)Me(4))(2). The iron/iron oxide core/shell nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature and show improved negative contrast in T(2)-weighted MR imaging compared to pure iron oxides nanoparticles, and have a transverse relaxivity (r(2)) of 332 mM(-1) s(-1).     

V-Mo-O催化剂的制备及催化甲苯合成苯甲醛的研究

在低温液相条件下,催化氧化甲苯合成苯甲醛是具有竞争力的苯甲醛合成路线。采用溶胶凝胶法制备了V-Mo-O催化剂,评估了在液相低温条件下选择性氧化甲苯的催化性能。研究表明,钒钼配比和焙烧温度对催化剂性能影响显著,适宜的钒钼物质量的配比为6:7,适宜的焙烧温度为500℃。扫描电镜实验表明,该条件下合成的催化剂呈棒状结构,直径约700nm,长度约6µm。X射线衍射观测到催化剂中拥有Mo6V9O40和MoO3物相。X光电子能谱表征,棒状催化剂外表面覆盖一层主含MoO3物种的薄层,这种不同氧化态钼物种的分层组装可能有助于氧物种的传递,提高了其催化性能。当反应温度为80℃,氧化剂为双氧水,溶剂为冰乙酸时,甲苯在该催化剂上的转化率为38.9%,苯甲醛的选择性为69.7%。     

预处理条件对Ag/SBA-15催化剂上甲苯催化氧化反应性能的影响

甲苯是一种典型的挥发性有机污染物.近年来,催化氧化法是一种广泛使用并具有开发潜力的有效去除挥发性有机污染物的方法,而贵金属催化剂一直是首选.介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15具有规则孔道和较高的比表面积因而在催化领域中具有较大的应用潜力.本课题组已对一系列的SBA-15负载的纳米银催化剂的制备和低温催化氧化性能进行了研究,本文则通过研究不同预处理处理气氛对Ag/SBA-15催化剂结构以及甲苯催化氧化性能的系统研究,获得纳米银催化剂结构与甲苯催化氧化性能间的构效关系,对新催化剂的结构优化以及甲苯催化净化的低温催化剂开发具有重要的科学意义.研究表明,处理气氛明显影响了银物种和氧物种的状态,进而影响了催化剂的催化活性,先氧气(500℃)后氢气(300℃)处理的O500-H300催化剂对甲苯的反应活性明显优于在500℃氧气处理样品O500及氢气处理样品H500.由X-射线衍射和O2-程序升温脱附(TPD)可知,氧气500 oC处理使催化剂上形成大颗粒银粒子和氧化银粒子,以及大量次表层氧物种.氢气处理使催化剂形成较大的银粒子,由于未经过氧气处理,该催化剂上并没有次表层氧的生成.先氧气处理再氢气处理后催化剂上形成高分散的小粒径银粒子以及次表层氧物种,这表明低温氢气处理可以降低银粒子的尺寸并使催化剂上的银粒子得到再分散,同时不会影响次表层氧物种的形成.从催化剂的甲苯吸附和TPD实验中看出,大尺寸银粒子对甲苯具有较强的吸附性能,从而有利于甲苯在低温的催化氧化,但是在高温反应中没有优势;小尺寸银粒子虽然对甲苯的吸附能力不强,但是对分子氧有较好的吸附作用,进而增强自身与甲苯的相互作用,而且也促进了分子氧的活化,预处理中形成的次表层氧有效增强了甲苯和银粒子的相互作用,因此,先氧气后氢气处理的O500-H300样品在反应中显示出最好的甲苯催化活性.     

一种暴露CeO2{100}晶面的铈钛复合氧化物合成及其负载Au催化剂一氧化碳低温氧化性能研究

利用水热法制备了一种具有花朵状形貌的铈钛复合氧化物,该复合氧化物主要暴露CeO₂{100}晶面。SEM、XRD表征结果表明,花朵状铈钛复合氧化物的形成主要分为两个阶段,即无定型的快速生长及缓慢结晶两个过程;在制备过程中,铈钛比例、KOH浓度、晶化时间和焙烧温度是该形貌形成的主要影响因素。其负载Au催化剂后常温即能实现CO的完全转化;TEM和H₂-TPR结果表明,暴露的CeO₂{100}晶面以及Au和载体的强相互作用是该催化剂具有高活性的主要原因。     

Air-stable iron catalyst for the Oppenauer-type oxidation of alcohols

An alcohol oxidation process using an air-stable iron tricarbonyl compound structurally similar to Shvo’s diruthenium bridging hydride was developed. Secondary benzylic and allylic alcohols are oxidized in high yields, and evidence for an Oppenauer-type mechanism is presented.     

Activation of Au/TiO2 catalyst for CO oxidation

Changes in a Au/TiO(2) catalyst during the activation process from an as-prepared state, consisting of supported AuO(x)(OH)(4-2x)(-) species, were monitored with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, complemented with XPS, microcalorimetry, and TEM characterization. When the catalyst was activated with H(2) pulses at 298 K, there was an induction period when little changes were detected. This was followed by a period of increasing rate of reduction of Au(3+) to Au(0), before the reduction rate decreased until the sample was fully reduced. A similar trend in the activation process was observed if CO pulses at 273 K or a steady flow of CO at about 240 K was used to activate the sample. With both activation procedures, the CO oxidation activity of the catalyst at 195 K increased with the degree of reduction up to 70% reduction, and decreased slightly beyond 80% reduction. The results were consistent with metallic Au being necessary for catalytic activity.     

Synthesis of magnetic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles as green catalyst for toluene oxidation under solvent-free conditions

A green method was developed for the synthesis of CuFe₂O₄ magnetic nanoparticles using a Neem leave extract. The prepared nanoparticles with an average size of 19.7 nm were used as an effective catalyst for the oxidation of various aryl alkanes in moderate to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was characterized by powder- XRD, SEM and TEM study. The key advantages of this protocol are simple preparation, a recyclable heterogeneous catalytic system, and benign reaction condition with good to excellent yields with high selectivity toward acid (42–87%).