涂钨石墨管石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定人参中锗

石墨炉原子吸收法测定锗的问题主要是样品原子化前会形成易挥发的GeO,影响分析灵敏度。有关测锗的报道见文献。本工作应用CCl_4萃取和水反萃取,涂钨石墨管石墨炉原子吸收测定人参中锗,获得满意的结果。     

磷酸三丁酯萃取火焰原子吸收法间接测定植物和煤灰中的痕量锗

本文报道了磷酸三丁酯萃取-火焰原子吸收法间接测定植物及煤灰样品中痕量锗的新方法。锗与钼酸铵在0．3mol／L的硝酸介质中形成稳定的锗钼杂多酸,被磷酸三丁酯萃取,有机相直接进样测定钼而间接测定锗;特征浓度为21．8ng／mL／1％吸光度,RSD(n=11)为4．6％,加标回收率为97．6％～101．2％。     

微波萃取-高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中儿茶素和咖啡因

选用乙酸乙脂为萃取剂,采用微波技术萃取茶叶中表没食子儿茶素、儿茶素、表儿茶素及咖啡因（CAF）,用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）法测定。通过正交试验,得到微波萃取四组分总量的最佳条件为萃取温度100℃,萃取时间10min,浸润水与乙酸乙酯体积比1：8,其相对标准偏差和回收率分别为2．1％～2．4％和54．2％～100．1％。     

植物性中药和食品中微量锗的苯基荧光酮分光光度法测定的研究

在９－１０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中用ＣＣｌ４萃取锗，分离共存元素，再反萃取到水相，在阳主子表面活性剂ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，锗与显色剂ＰＦ生成１：２络合笺，分光光度法２呼中药中锗含量。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定生物样品中微量锗

采用钼酸铵浸渍处理石墨管 ,研究了苯基荧光酮为螯合剂 ,四氯化碳为萃取剂 ,N ,N 二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF)为反萃取剂的萃取富集锗的新方法 ,用硝酸镍作为基体改进剂 ,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定各种生物样品中微量锗。方法绝对灵敏度 (1%吸收 )为 1.67× 10 - 11g ,相对标准偏差 3.5 4 %～ 6.15 % ,回收率为 96%～ 10 2 %     

萃取分离—苯芴酮分光光度法测定茶叶中锗的含量

对苯芴酮分光光度法测定微量锗时的干扰情况进行了考查，发现在Ｈ３ＰＯ４和ＨＣｌＯ４共存体系中，以ＣＣｌ４萃取Ｇｅ，并在显色测定时加入乙酰丙酮作掩蔽剂，能有效地消除干扰，本实验还对茶叶样品的处理方法进行了比较，灰化法时间短，操作简单，Ｇｅ损失小。     

原子荧光光谱法分析煤中的锗

将Ge含量在10～50 ng/mL的Ge标准溶液转化为GeCl4后用CCl4两次萃取1次纯水反萃取,用原子荧光光谱法测定,Ge的回收率在97.2%以上,标准工作曲线的相关系数达0.999以上.在处理试样时,用HF-HNO3-HClO4于高压消化罐内处理煤试样,再经CCl4经两次萃取1次纯水反萃取具有试剂用量少、试样处理简单、锗损失率低、干扰小的特点,其RSD在2.2%～3.7%之间,锗的加标回收率在97.6%～101.2%之间.     

二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物中二氧化锗的锆共沉—比色测定法

用氢氧化锆共沉－比色法测定二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的二氧化锗的含量，先将锗与氢氧化锆共沉，沉淀用盐酸溶解，再用四氯化碳萃取盐酸溶液中锗，锗用苯芴酮比色法在５１０ｎｍ，处测定。结果表明，锗在１０＾－６－１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围同吸收率与浓度呈线性关系，回收率为９８％－１０３％，变异系数小于５％，该法可用于原料及制占二氧化锗的分析。     

茶叶中稀土元素的萃取分离-ICP-AES法测定

采用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑酮(PMBP)苯溶液萃取分离-ICP-AES法同时测定茶叶中15种稀土元素,消除了基体的干扰,并对样品前处理方法、萃取分离条件进行了考查.方法回收率为: 92.3%～112%,相对标准偏差＜2.5%.在最佳工作条件下,测定了茶叶标准物质(GBW07605)中稀土元素,结果与标准值吻合.     

灵芝、枸杞等样品中微量锗的胶束增溶分光光度法测定

研究用离子缔合物胶束增溶分光光度法测定灵芝、枸杞、蘑菇、茶叶和大蒜中锗的含量,采用标准加入法考查了不同的消解方法对样品中锗的溶解情况,用高压罐密闭消解处理样品,锗的测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=4)小于4.3%,回收率为90%～105%.     

8-Molybdogermanate of rhodamine 6G and its use for the photometric determination of germanium

A procedure was developed for determining germanium as a Rhodamine 6G-8-molybdogermanic heteropoly acid ion-pair complex in solutions obtained after germanium separation by solvent extraction from the matrix of various Ge-containing samples. The procedure accuracy was evaluated by determining germanium in a reference standard sample of steel after preliminary separation by solvent extraction. For the certified content equal to 1.1 × 10^-4% the found content was 1.1 sx 10^-4% (n = 10, RSD = 3.0%, andP = 0.95)     

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of cobalt with dithizone

Cobalt(II) in acetate-tartrate buffer (pH 6.0-7.3) is extracted quantitatively as cobalt(III) dithizonate with excess of dithizone in CCl(4). The molar absorptivity in the CCl(4) phase is 4.6 x 10(4) 1.mole(-1).cm(-1) at the absorption maximum 550 nm. The calibration graph is linear for 1-10 mug of cobalt in 10 ml of CCl(4) when excess of dithizone is removed by back-extraction with 0.01M aqueous ammonia. Most interferences can be overcome by (a) initial extraction with dithizone at pH 1.3, (b) selective back-extraction into hydrochloric acid (pH 1 to 2), (c) oxidation of iron and tin to iron(III) and tin(IV) and addition of fluoride to complex the former, and (d) selective reaction of nickel dithizonate with 1,10-phenanthroline in the CCl(4) phase followed by back-extraction of nickel into 0.1M acid. The method has been applied to determination of cobalt in a copper-nickel-zinc alloy and a nimonic alloy.     

A Novel Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Extraction Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Germanium in Natural Water with Methybenzeneazosalicylfluorone

Abstract

This paper describes a highly sensitive and selective extraction spectrophotometric method for determination of trace germanium in natural water with new a chromogenic reagent methybenzeneazosalicylfluorone abbreviated as MBASF, in which a typical room temperature ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate abbreviated as [C₄mim][PF₆] was used as novel medium for liquid/liquid extraction of germanium(IV). In the presence of TritonX‐100, MBASF reacted with germanium(IV) to form a red complex rapidly, the complex was then extracted into the [C₄mim][PF₆] phase, the absorbance of the complex in ionic liquid at 496 nm was recorded and used to determine trace germanium(IV). The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex and the detection limit for the real sample were found to be 3.12×10⁶ L mol^?1 cm^?1 and 0.2 ng mL^?1, respectively. The absorbance of the complex at 496 nm increases linearly with the concentration up to 4 µg of germanium (IV) in 250 mL of aqueous solution. The interference study show the determination of germanium is free from the interference of almost all positive and negative ions found in the natural water samples. The determination of germanium in natural water was carried out by the present method and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results were satisfactorily comparable so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed using the real samples. Moreover, the extraction mechanism with the ionic liquid system was also investigated. We think the extraction performance of the ionic liquid system is a combination of ion‐pairing effect between imidazolium cation and basic solute in the aqueous phase with the dissolution of polar molecule in ionic liquid phase. A wise choice of the appropriate combination of anion with imidazolium cation hydrophobicity allows playing with solute selectivity.     

Extraction Chromatographic Separation of Germanium With Trioctylphosphine Okide

Abstract

The solvent extraction methods for the separation of germanium are very limited. The carbon tetrachloride method had limited applications when large concentration of germanium was present(1). The extraction with tributyl phosphate was possible only in the presence of salting out agent(2). An attempt was made in this laboratory to separate germanium by reversed phase extraction chromatography from associated elements with tributyl phosphate as the stationary phase(3). No doubt this method permitted the separation of germanium from arsenic, indium, manganese, cobalt and zinc but it failed to separate germanium from commonly associated elements.     

Spectrophotometric determination of germanium in ores, concentrates, zinc-processing products and related materials with phenylfluorone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide after separation by iron collection and heptane extraction of germanium tetrachloride

A method for determining approximately 0.2 microg/g or more of germanium in ores, concentrates, zinc-processing products and related materials is described. The sample is decomposed by fusion with sodium peroxide and the cooled melt is dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid. Silica, if > 50 mg, is removed by volatilization with hydrofluoric acid. Germanium is separated from sodium salts by co-precipitation with hydrous ferric oxide, the precipitate is dissolved in 3M hydrochloric acid and germanium is subsequently separated from iron(III) and other co-precipitated elements by a single heptane extraction of germanium tetrachloride from approximately 9.4M hydrochloric acid. The extract is washed with 12M hydrochloric acid to remove residual iron(III), then germanium is stripped with water and determined spectrophotometrically with phenylfluorone in a 1.4M hydrochloric acid-0.002M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide medium in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reductant for co-extracted chlorine. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.71 x 10(4) l.mole(-1).mm(-1) at 507 nm, the wavelength of maximum absorption. Up to 5 mg of tin(IV), 10 mg of antimony(V) and tungsten(VI) and approximately 50 mg of silica do not interfere. Germanium values are given for some Canadian certified reference ores, concentrates and iron-formation samples and for a metallurgical dust.     

Solvent Extraction Separation of Germanium(IV) with N-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Octylaniline As an Extractant

The extraction behavior of germanium(IV) from aqueous hydrochloric acid solution with N-n-octylaniline in xylene was investigated. Hydrochloric acid concentration higher than 9 M remained effective for quantitative extraction of germanium(IV). Phenylfluorone ion as a counter anion was used. More than 2% N-n-octylaniline provided quantitative extraction at 1 min equilibrium time and germanium(IV) was back extracted by 7 M ammonia. The method was free from the interference of a large number of metal ions and anions, except for Te(IV) and Sn(IV); this was avoided using the masking effect. Germanium(IV) was separated from associated elements in its binary mixture with Si(IV), Te(IV), Sb(III), Bi(III), Au(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), and its ternary mixture with Se(IV), Te(IV); Sb(III), Bi(III); and Au(III), Cu(II). The proposed method was applied to a synthetic sample containing associated metal ions. The results indicated that trace amounts of germanium(IV) could be separated effectively from higher amounts of other elements.__________From Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii, Vol. 60, No. 5, 2005, pp. 463–467.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Sargar, Anuse.This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

萃取-非水介质氢化物发生-ICP-AES中的干扰及Ni-Fe基合金的分析

本文结合溶剂萃取研究了非水介质中氢化物发生-ICP-AES的分析条件、干扰等因素的影响。利用KI~+H_2SO_4/MIBK萃取体系将As,Sb,Bi萃取到MIBK中而与基体元素分离,然后将该有机相与甲酸按等体积混合后,即可直接进行氢化物发生-ICP-AES分析。还对影响萃取和氢化物发生的一些因素及共存元素的干扰进行了讨论。该方法应用于Ni-Fe基合金中As和Sb的分析,取得了较满意的结果。     

Application of total selective solvent extraction of germanium,phosphorus and silicon to the simultaneous determination of arsenic,germanium, phosphorus and silicon

A simple rapid, accurate, and reliable method of simultaneous determination of arsenic, germanium, phosphorus, and silicon is reported. The method involves first, the determination of germanium as its phenlfluorone complex and its selective extraction with isoamyl alcohol. Phosphorus is next determined as its heteropoly blue after selective extraction of phosphomolybdic acid by isobutyl acetate at pH 1.0-0.8 and its direct reduction in this solvent. Silicon is then determined after its extraction as silicomolybdic acid by isooctyl alcohol at pH < 0.4 and direct reduction in the solvent phase. Finally, arsenic is determined in the remaining aqueous phase after reduction to its heteropoly blue.     

Selective extraction of calcium on tri-n-butyl phosphate plasticized selective extraction of calcium on tri-n-butyl phosphate plasticized polyurethane foam for its spectrophotometric determination in glass and ceramics.

The present paper describes the application of a solid phase extraction system in order to separate traces of calcium from glass and ceramics for its spectrophotometric determination. The method is based on the extraction of calcium from sodium hydroxide solution by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) loaded polyurethane foam (PUF), followed by its elution in hydrochloric acid. The spectrophotometric measurement of the absorbance of calcium complex with calconcarboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-3-naphthoic acid) takes place at pH 12. The following parameters were studied: effects of sodium hydroxide concentration and temperature on the extraction of calcium, time of equilibration for quantitative calcium extraction, effect of TBP concentration, effect of hydrochloric acid concentration for quantitative elution of calcium from PUF, effect of pH and concentration of calconcarboxylic acid for quantitative formation of the complex with calcium, effect of acetone on the stability of calcium-calconcarboxylic acid complex and influence of diverse ions on calcium sorption by TBP-loaded PUF. The results show that calcium traces can be separated onto TBP-loaded PUF from 0.25 mol L(-1) NaOH at 30 +/- 5 degrees C within 30 min. PUF was loaded with TBP in CCl4 (40% v/v). Elution of calcium was done in 1.0 mol l(-1) HCl. The calcium formed a complex with calconcarboxylic acid at pH 12 and absorbance was measured at 560 nm in acetone-water medium. Molar absorptivity was found to be 1.082 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1). The method obeys Beer's law from 0.10 to 5.0 microg ml(-1) Ca. The validity of the method was established by its successful application in NIST standard reference materials. The method proposed was applied to determine calcium in glass and ceramic materials. The results of the proposed method are comparable with the results of ICP-AES analysis and they are found to be in good agreement.