非常大的B~0-~0混合

1956年,为了解开之谜,李政道和杨振宁提出宇称守恒定律在弱相互作用下可能不成立.1957年,吴健雄观测到60Coβ衰变时发射出的电子在空间中的分布是不对称.于是李、杨的理论得到了证实.是同一粒子即K0介子也得到了确认. 六十年代,K0介子给了我们许多新知识.K0介子是由下夸克和反奇异夸克组成的;而K0介子则由反下夸克和奇异夸克组成.人们发现,奇异量子数相反的态K0和K0之间可以相互转换,即存在K0-K0混合.1964年,人们发现,K0介子衰变时,CP不守恒.(C为电荷共轭,P为宇称)即粒子变成反粒子同时作空间反演,物理规律并不守恒.这是人们发现CP不…     

Search for the rare decays K(L)→π0π0μ+μ- and K(L)→π0π0X0→π0π0μ+μ-

The KTeV E799 experiment has conducted a search for the rare decays, K(L)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-) and K(L)→π(0)π(0)X(0)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-), where the X(0) is a possible new neutral boson that was reported by the HyperCP experiment with a mass of (214.3 ± 0.5) MeV/c(2). We find no evidence for either decay. We obtain upper limits of Br(K(L)→π(0)π(0)X(0)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-)) < 1.0 × 10(-10) and Br(K(L)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-)) < 9.2 × 10(-11) at the 90% confidence level. This result rules out the pseudoscalar X(0) as an explanation of the HyperCP result under the scenario that the dsX(0) coupling is completely real.     

Is Bell-type inequality violated for K0-\bar K^0 , B0-\bar B^0 , . . . systems?

We extend the Clauser-Horne formulation of Bell-type inequality for the correlated pair of decaying and oscillating (neutral pseudo-scalar) meson-antimesons, using a few supplementary assumptions. The quantum-mechanical predictions for the B⁰- \(\bar B^0 \) system do lead to violations of this inequality under certain conditions. Further work is called for to investigate the possibility of dispensing with the supplementary assumptions.     

T=+0及T=-0状态的涨落特性

本文指出，当 Ｔ→±０时，热力学量的涨落并非都趋于零．特别象温度、能量和熵这样一些重要热力学量的相对涨落，随着Ｔ→±０而迅速地增大．它是由于体系能级的分立性所造成的．这表明了在足够低或足够高的温度下，唯象热力学将失去意义．这个结论具有原则性的意义，尽管目前低温或负温技术还远不能达到这样的温度领域．此外，Ｔ＝±０状态还可能存在非热运动所引起的涨落，如量子力学的描述本身所固有的不确定性等现象．     

Zum experimentellen Nachweis von Zweiquantenzerfall beim 0+-0+-Übergang des Zr90

With a scintillation coincidence spectrometer it has been tried to detect double quantum emission in the 0⁺-0⁺ transition of the first excited level of Zr⁹⁰. An effect, probably due to double quantum emission gives 2·10^?3 for this decay mode. This level is reached byβ-decay of Y⁹⁰. From a measurement of the positron annihilation radiation it follows, that (3,4±0,4)·10^?5 pairs deexciting this level are created perβ-decay of Y⁹⁰.     

π-0 transition in superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor junctions

Superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor (SFS) Josephson junctions are known to exhibit a transition between π and 0 states. In this letter, we find the π-0 phase diagram of an SFS junction depending on the transparency of an intermediate insulating layer (I). We show that, in general, the Josephson critical current is nonzero at the π-0 transition temperature. Contributions to the current from the two spin channels nearly compensate each other, and the first harmonic of the Josephson current as a function of phase difference is suppressed. However, higher harmonics give a nonzero contribution to the supercurrent.     

D~0 -~0 mixing and CP violation at BES-Ⅲ

Recently,both BaBar and Belle experiments found evidences of neutral D mixing.In this paper, we discuss the sensitivities of the measurements of D mixing parameters at BES-Ⅲ.With CP tag technique atψ(3770)peak,the extraction of the strong phase difference in D~0→Kπdecay at BES-Ⅲare discussed.We also make an estimate on the measurements of the mixing rate R_M by using the coherent data atψ(3770)peak. The CP violation in D system is predicted with an unobserved level in the Standard Model.Any significant CP violation in the D system indicates the existence of new physics.The sensitivity of the measurements of CP violation in the D system is estimated in the coherent D decays.Finally,the search for the rare D decays are discussed,in which some of the forbidden decays are smoking gun of new physics.     

D~0-~0 mixing and other charm decays at Belle

The D0-0 mixing at Belle in different modes with corresponding methods is reported in this paper,there is a clear evidence for non-zero y D0 mixing parameter,and the measurement of D0 mixing parameter x is still a challenge.CP violation in the decays is not observed.Branching fractions of other charm decays are presented.     

B~0-~0体系重子衰变的CP破坏效应

本文研究了B_d~0-_d~0和B_s~0-_s~0系统二体重子衰变中的CP不守恒效应。我们讨论了两种实验背景:(1)B对在Z~0共振峰不相干产生,(2)电荷共轭宇称C=+1的B对在γ(4S)共振峰以上产生。我们估算了检验该效应所需的bb对数目。对于衰变B_d~0→PP,Δ~(++)■~(--)和Δ~0■~0,N_(b)～10~7—10~8。     

Pure annihilation decays of B_s~0→a_0~+a_0~- and B_d~0→K_0~(*+)K_0~(*-) in the PQCD approach

We study the CP-averaged branching fractions and the CP-violating asymmetries in the pure annihilation decays ofB _s~0→a_0~+a _0~-andB _d~0→K_0~(*+)K_0~(*-),where a_0[K_0~*]denotes the scalar a_0(980) and a_0(1450)[K_0~*(800)(ork)and K_0~*(1430)],with the perturbative QCD factorization approach under the assumption of two-quark structure for the a_0and K_0~*states.The numerical results show that the branching ratios of theB _d~0→K_0~(*+)K_0~(*-)decays are in the order of 10~(-6),while the decay rates of theB_s~0→a_0~+a _0~-modes are in the order of 10~(-5).In light of the measured modes with the same quark components in the pseudoscalar sector,namely,B _d~0→K~+K~-and B_s~0→p p~(+-),the predictions for the considered decay modes in this work are expected to be measured at the Large Hadron Collider beauty and/or Belle-Ⅱ experiments in the (near) future.Meanwhile,it is of great interest to find that the twist-3 distribution amplitudes φ~S and φ~T with inclusion of the Gegenbauer polynomials for the scalar a_0(1450) and K_0~*(1430)states in scenario2 contribute slightly to the branching ratios while significantly to the CP violations in the B_d~0→K_0~*(14 30)~+K_0*(14 30)~-and B_s~0→a_0(1450)~+a_0(1450)~-decays,which indicates that,compared to the asymptotic φ~Sand φ~T,these Gegenbauer polynomials could change the strong phases evidently in these pure annihilation decay channels.These predictions await for the future confirmation experimentally,which could further provide useful information to help explore the inner structure of the scalars and shed light on the annihilation decay mechanism.     

D~0-~0 mixing parameter y in the factorization-assisted topological-amplitude approach

We calculate the D~0-~0 mixing parameter y in the factorization-assisted topological-amplitude(FAT)approach, considering contributions from D~0→PP, PV, and VV modes, where P(V) stands for a pseudoscalar(vector) meson. The D~0→PP and PV decay amplitudes are extracted in the FAT approach, and the D~0→VV decay amplitudes with final states in the longitudinal polarization are estimated via the parameter set for D~0→PV. It is found that the VV contribution to y, being of order of 10-4, is negligible, and that the PP and PV contributions amount only up to y_(PP+PV) =(0.21±0.07)%, a prediction more precise than those previously obtained in the literature,and much lower than the experimental data y_(exp) =(0.61 ±0.08)%. We conclude that D~0 meson decays into other two-body and multi-particle final states are relevant to the evaluation of y, so it is difficult to understand it fully in an exclusive approach.     

电网络设计中的M0-算法

把M₀-算法应用到电网络设计中,得到快的收敛速度和高精度结果。     

Measuring D~0-~0mixing in D→f_0(980)K~* and more

We investigate the D0-0 mixing through the doubly Cabibbo suppressed (DCS) channel D0 →f0(980)K0 and its charge conjugate channel, in which the K0 meson is reconstructed in both K π- and KSπ0 final state. Although the decay D0 →f0(980)K* has a small branching ratio, the final state mesons are relatively easy to identify. The f0(980) meson can be replaced by the S-wave π π- state, or a longitudinally polarized vector meson ρ0. All mixing parameters, including the mass difference and decay width difference,can be extracted by studying the time-dependent decay width of these channels. We show that the method is valid in all regions for mixing parameters and it does not depend on the strong phase difference.     

金属自由电子在T=-0K及T<0K时的分布

负绝对温度状态与正绝对温度状态一样客观存在并且同样具有实际意义．本文从Ｓ—Ｕ关系及其图形出发研究了金属自由电子在Ｔ＝一ＯＫ及Ｔ＜ＯＫ状态下的分布情况且跟Ｔ＝＋ＯＫ及Ｔ＞ＯＫ时的自由电子分布进行了类比，继而给出了微观解释．     

Fourth-generation signatures in D0-;D̄0 mixing and rare D decays

We study the effects of a fourth generation on D⁰-D̄⁰ mixing and the rare decays D⁰→μ⁺μ⁻, D→ℓ⁺ℓ ⁻X (where X is nonstrange), D→πℓ⁺ℓ⁻ and D→ϱγ (orωγ). D⁰-D̄⁰ mixing can be as large as the experimental limit of 0.5%. The fourth generation can enhance the branching ratios for the rare decays by several orders of magnitude: it can be as large as 10⁻⁹ for the decays D⁰→μ⁺μ⁻, D→ℓ⁺ℓ⁻X and D→πℓ⁺ℓ⁻. The long-distance contribution to the radiative decays is estimated to be ∼ 10⁻⁸ and is shown to be dominant in the three-generation model. The fourth generation can bring this branching ratio up to ∼ 10⁻⁶.     

First-principles study of thiophene on β-SiC (0 0 1)-(2×1) surface

In this work, we performed density functional calculations to examine the molecular adsorption states of thiophene on β-SiC(0 0 1)-2×1 surface. A number of possible adsorption geometries are considered into two groups as the polymeric thiophene chain and the individual molecules covalently bonded onto the surface. The results show that the polymeric chain on the surface is the less stable adsorption case and individual arch like adsorption case structure is more stable than others. In all adsorption cases, the adsorbed SiC surfaces are characterized as different semiconductors.     

A test of CPT symmetry in K0 vs (K-)0→π+π-π0 decays

I show that the CP-violating asymmetry in K0 vs K-0→π+π-π0 decays differs from that in KL→π+π-,KL→π0π0 or the semileptonic KL transitions,if there exists CPT violation in K0-K-0 mixing.A delicate measurement of this difference at a super flavor factory(e.g.,the φ factory)will provide us with a robust test of CPT symmetry in the neutral kaon system.     

An ab initio-based approach to phase diagram calculations for GaAs(0 0 1)-(2 × 4)γ surfaces

Surface phase diagram of recently proposed GaAs(0 0 1)-(2 × 4)γ is systematically investigated by using our ab initio-based approach. We focus on the (4 × 7) domain consisting of c(4 × 4)-like and (2 × 4)-like regions to clarify surface dimer constituents as functions of temperature T and As (As₂ and As₄) pressure p_As by comparing chemical potentials of surface dimers in the vapor phase with that on the surface. The calculated results under As₄ imply that Ga dimers in the c(4 × 4)-like region tend to become stable with increase of temperature and appear at the conventional growth condition such as T ∼ 800 K and p_As ∼ 10⁻⁶ Torr, while the (2 × 4)-like region favors As dimers. This is consistent with temperature dependence of change in surface dimer constituents on the c(4 × 4) and (2 × 4)β2 clarified in our previous study. Furthermore, the surface phase transition from the c(4 × 4) to (2 × 4)β2 via (2 × 4)γ is discussed on the basis of the phase diagram obtained in this study.     

Are theB^0 - \bar B^0 mixings consistent with the KM standard theory?

We study the \(B_{d(s)}^0 - \bar B_{d(s)}^0 \) mixing in the KM standard theory by use of the formula insensitive to the ambiguous parameters, and compare the theoretical prediction with the experimental results by ARGUS, UA 1 and MARK II. We find that these experimental bounds endanger the KM standard theory with three generations although these bounds do not exclude it completely. It is remarked that the four generation scheme is well consistent with the experimental data.