Double-Exponentially Decayed Photoionization in CREI Effect： Numerical Experiment on 3D H2^＋

On the platform of the 3D H2^＋ system, we perform a numerical simulation of its photoionization rate under excitation of weak to intense laser intensities with varying pulse durations and wavelengths. A novel method is proposed for calculating the photoionization rate： a double exponential decay of ionization probability is best suited for fitting this rate. Confirmation of the well-documented charge-resonance-enhanced ionization （CREI） effect at medium laser intensity and finding of ionization saturation at high light intensity corroborate the robustness of the suggested double-exponential decay process. Surveying the spatial and temporal variations of electron wavefunctions uncovers a mechanism for the double-exponentially decayed photoionization probability as onset of electron ionization along extra degree of freedom. Henceforth, the new method makes clear the origins of peak features in photoionization rate versus internuclear separation. It is believed that this multi-exponentially decayed ionization mechanism is applicable to systems with more degrees of motion.     

Experimental Study on 22Na(p,γ)23Mg Reaction

The reaction of ²²Na(p,γ)²³Mg has been investigated at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou(RIBLL) using a radioactive beam ²³Al. The β⁺ delayed proton decay spectrum has been measured with the TOF-ΔE method and zero degree detectors. The half life of ²³Al is determined to be T_1/2=(476±45)ms by using a time scaler combined with the precision pulse generator,which is consistent with the other group's result of (470±30)ms. The known β⁺ delayed protons at E_r=0.216,0.278,0.438,0.479MeV have also observed in the experiment. The resonance strength of isospin analog state (IAS) is calculated. The resonance intensity of IAS is (11.4±6.0)meV. A new energy level of β⁺ delayed proton decay has been identified at E_x=8.916MeV,and their relative intensity also been obtained.     

Investigation of Ag2O Thermal Decomposition by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is demonstrated to study the process of Ag2O thermal decomposition. In the process of decomposition, the time-resolved signals are characterized by broad oscillations and decreased intensity, and Tttz pulse essentially contains two broad spectral components： one centered at around 0.35 THz and a band with a maximum at around 0.81 THz shift to 0.71 THz. Optical absorption spectra of different specimens are studied in the frequency range 0.3-1.4 THz and the data are analyzed by the relevant theory of the effective medium approach combined with the Drude-Lorentz model. The analysis suggests that optical properties stem from the Drude term for the metallic phase and the Lorentz term for the insulator phase in the complex system.     

Observation of Sub-femtosecond Polarization Beats Using Twin Noisy Driving Fields

We study the phase-conjugate polarization interference in a V-type three-level system and obtain an analytic closed form for the second-order stochastic correlation of sum-frequency polarization beat. In our Na vapour atomic system pumped by laser pulse of nano-second timescale duration, we experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast modulation of the four-wave mixing signal intensity with a sub-femtosecond timescale period, corre- sponding to the sum-frequency of the resonant transitions from 3S1/2 to 3Pl/2 and 3P3/2.     

Research of Plasma Characteristics of the Radio-Frequency Discharge in O2 and Its Mixtures

Electron mean energy and the effects of gas mixture are studied theoretically and experimentally. The electron mean energy in O2 and its mixtures is obtained by solving Boltzmann＇s equation. The experiments of the Langmuir probe system and spectral analysis are carried out. It is shown that electron temperature goes down with the increasing pressure, narrowing pulse width and the addition of helium and argon. According to the intensity of oxygen atom at 777.19 nm, xenon is more effective in inhibition of O2 decomposition than helium and argon.     

Fluorescence Properties of Ce+3-doped BaF2

The spectra and decay times of a serious of Ce⁺³—doped BaF₂ crystals have been determined.The results demonstrate that a BaF₂ crystal with a proper amount of Ce⁺³ doped have some outstanding advantages:a near-blue fluorescence with quite fast decay time (80ns) replaces the slow component (600ns) and vary fast one (～0.8ns) of undoped BaF₂.The intensity of the new component is comparable with the sum of the old ones.     

Femtosecond Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity of Au：Bi203 Nanocomposite Films

Ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearities of the as-deposited and annealed Au：Bi2O3 nanocomposite films deposited by magnetron cosputtering are investigated by using femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect （OKE） and pump probe techniques. The third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility is estimated to be 2.6Ф×10^- 10 esu and 1.8 × 10.9 esu at wavelength of 800nm, for the as-deposited and the annealed film, respectively. The OKE signal of the as-deposited film is nearly temporally symmetrical with a peak centred at zero delay time, which indicates the dominant contribution from intraband transition of conduction electrons. For the annealed film, the existence of a decay process in OKE signal implies the important contribution of hot electrons. These characteristics are in agreement with the hot electron dynamics observed in pump probe measurement.     

一种独立于激发光脉冲参量的磷光寿命测量方法

脉冲法磷光寿命测量中，激发光脉冲参量（脉冲宽度和形状）、用于磷光强度衰减分析的起始时刻的选取是影响寿命计算准确度的关键因素。以线性时不变系统理论为依据，探讨了磷光强度衰减特性与激发光脉冲参量之间的关系，发现对于有限宽度的激发光，激发光脉冲消失之后的磷光强度衰减特性独立于激发光脉冲参量；选取激发光脉冲消失时刻作为磷光强度衰减分析的起始时刻，可获得准确的寿命计算。利用磷光探针氧卟啉（Oxy-PhorR2）标准试样做了针对性实验，实验结果验证了理论的正确性。     

Erasure effect of the reading beam on the decay process of χ(2) in all-optical poling

We have studied the effect of the reading beam on the decay process of the photoinduced second-order susceptibility χ⁽²⁾ in both the guest-host system (disperse red 1-doped polymethyl methactrylate) and the side-chain system (disperse red 19-functionalized polyimide polymer). Both experimentally and theoretically, we have proved that the reading beam has the erasure effect on the decay process, that is, χ⁽²⁾ decays faster in the high intensity than in the low intensity of the reading beam. Furthermore, the relationship between the time constant τ_B of the slow component of the decay process and the intensity of the reading beam I_1.06 is derived from the theoretical equations, which is fitted well with the experimental results. Based on the fitting parameters, we also compare, quantitatively, the thermal-induced orientational diffusion of trans- and the quantum efficiency of trans-to-cis photoisomerization in the two systems. Received: 8 September 1999 / Revised version: 14 March 2000 / Published online: 16 August 2000     

Explanation of Effect of Added Water on Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cell： Correlation between Performance and Carrier Relaxation Kinetics

Time-resolved mid-IR transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to explore the mechanism of improving the performance of dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cell （DSSC） when a certain amount of H2 0 is added into the electrolyte. The relaxation kinetics of dye-sensitized TiO2 nanocrystalline film and the corresponding DSSC performance are investigated under different conditions. It is found that the interracial charge recombination is retarded and electron injection efficiency is increased in the water vapour and in the electrolyte when D20 is added. The values of open-circuit photovoltage Voc and the short-circuit photocarrent Jsc of the cells are linearly correlated to the product of the two decay time constants. We also observed that Voc well correlates with electron injection efficiency. It provides a preliminary microscopic account for the function of the added water in improving the performance of DSSCs.     

Finite Size Vertex Correction to the Strong Decay of ηc and χc States and a Determination of αs(mc)

In previous calculations of the strong decay of a charmonium,the first-order momentum dependence of the quark propagator is kept. It was found that the finite-size vertex correction to the Γ(J/ψ→3g) process is large. In this paper we calculate the two-gluon decay widths of η_c,χ_c0 and χ_c2 by including the full momentum dependence of the quark propagator. Comparing to the zero-order calculation we find that the finite-size vertex correction factor to the two-gluon decay widths of η_c is 1.32,and for the two gluon decays of χ_c0 and χ_c2,the vertex correction factors are 1.45 and 1.26, respectively. With the corrected decay widths Γ(η_c→2g) we extract the value as α_s(m_c)=0.28±0.05 which agrees with that calculated from the Γ(J/ψ→3g) process with the same correction. The finite-size vertex correction to the process Γ(η_c→3g) is not as large as that to the process Γ(J/ψ→3g).     

Modelling and Optimization for Deposition of SiOxNy Films by Radio-Frequency Reactive Sputtering

SiOxNy films are deposited by reactive sputtering from a Si target in Ar/O2/N2 atmospheres. In order to achieve the control of film composition and to keep a high deposition rate at the same time, a new sputtering model based on Berg＇s work is provided for the condition of double reactive gases. Analysis based on this model shows that the deposition process can easily enter the target-poisoning mode when the preset gas flow （N2 in this work） is too high, and the film composition will change from nitrogen-rich to SiO2-like with the increase of oxygen supply while keeping the N2 supply constant. The modelling results are confirmed in the deposition process of SiOxNy. Target self-bias voltages during sputtering are measured to characterize the different sputtering modes. FTIR-spectra and dielectric measurements are used to testify the model prediction of composition. Finally, an optimized sputtering condition is selected with the O2/N2 flow ratio varying from 0 to I and N2 supply fixed at I sccm. Average deposition rate of 17nm/min is obtained under this selected condition, which has suggested the model validity and potential for industry applications.     

Laser-Duration Dependence of Emission Properties of High-Order Harmonic Generation

Quantitative investigations are made for the laser-duration dependence of the emission properties of high-order harmonic generation （HHG）. HHG emission properties produced by few-cycle lasers show some useful characteristics. The cutoff energy is less than that by laser for infinite duration. The single energy distribution pulse decreases much faster than its duration as the laser duration grows. A two-cycle laser with carrier-envelope phase of 0° can produce a single distribution pulse peaked at the laser carrier phase 1.22 rad and spanned 1.18 rad with the cutoff energy 2.9Up ＋ Ip and a bandwidth 0.63Up, where Up is the ponderomotive potential of the laser field and Ip is the atomic ionization potential.     

Bipolar Resistance Switching Characteristics of ZnO/Nb-Doped SrTiO3 Heterojunctions

An electrical pulse induced resistance switching effect in ZnO/Nb-doped SrTiO3 heterojunctions is reported. The current-voltage curves of these junctions show hysteresis. Multi-resistance states are realized by applying voltage pulses with different amplitudes, and the resistance switching effect is more remarkable at low temperatures. The junction capacitance decreases dramatically with increasing frequency. Analysis of the results suggests that the trapping-detrapping process plays an important role in the resistance switching effect.     

Carrier-Envelope-Phase Dependence of Emission Properties of High-Order Harmonic Generation

The carrler-envelope-phase （CEP） dependence of the emission properties of high-order harmonic generation （HHG） are quantitatively investigated. Calculation shows that a two-cycle laser with CEP of 15° can produce a single energy distribution pulse peaked at 0.94 radian （tad） and spanned 1.29 tad with the cutoff energy 2.9Up ＋ Ip and a bandwidth 0.86Up （where Up is the ponderomotive potential of the laser field and Ip is the atomic ionization potential）. The CEP dependence of the energy and temporal localizations of the single distribution pulse show interesting 180° periodic structures. These characteristics may be useful in optimizing attosecond x-ray sources and measurements.     

High Resolution Mode-Selective Excitation by Adaptive Femtosecond Pulse Shaping

High resolution mode-selective excitation in the mixture of C6H6 （992 cm^-1） and C6D6 （945 cm^-1） is experimentally achieved by adaptive femtosecond pulse shaping based on the genetic algorithm （GA）, and second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating （SHG-FROG） is adopted to characterize the original and optimal laser pulses, and its mechanism is experimentally validated by tailoring the frequency components of the pump pulses at the Fourier plane. It is indicated that two-pulse coherent mode-selective excitation of the Raman scattering mainly depends on the effective frequency components of the pump pulse related to specific molecular vibrational mode. The experimental results have attractive potential applications in the complicated molecular system.     

High Power Continuous-Wave and Acousto-Optic Q-Switched Nd：GdVO4 Laser Operated at 912 nm

We present a high power and efficient operation of the ^4F3/2 → ^4I9/2 transition in Nd：GdVO4 at 912nm. In the cw mode, the maximum output power of 8.6 W is achieved when the incident pump power is 40.3 W, leading to a slope efficiency of 33.3% and an optical-optical efficiency of 21.3%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest cw laser power at 912nm obtained with the conventional Nd：GdVO4 crystal. Pulsed operation of 912nm laser has also been realized by inserting a small aeousto-optie （A-O） Q-Switch inside the resonator. As a result, the minimal pulse width of 20ns and the average laser power 1.43 W at the repetition rate of lOkHz are obtained, corresponding to 7.1 kW peak power. We believe that this is the highest laser peak power at 912nm. Furthermore, duration of 65ns has also been acquired when the repetition rate is 100 kHz.     

Spectral Study of Effects of Aluminium Nanoparticles on Fast Reaction of Nitromethane

Fast reactions between nitromethane and aluminium nanoparticles are studied using transient spectral methods. In comparison with species produced by pure nitromethane, the emergence time for species produced by nitromethane after addition of 1 g of aluminium nanoparticles decreases by 46-58% and the emission intensity increases by 13-100%. The results demonstrate that aluminium nanoparticles have positive effect on accelerating the decomposition rate of nitromethane and that the explosion efficiency of nitromethane is greatly improved. Fast reactions carried out between nitromethane and aluminium nanoparticles in different environments （CO2, H2O and O2） reveal that O2 and an appropriate amount of H2O improve the explosion efficieney of nitrornethane, whereas CO2 has the weakest effect on improving this parameter. The investigations provide insights into the process occurring in actual systems involving propellants and fuel-air explosives.     

IN腔内CdTe电光调QCO2脉冲激光外差信号研究

本文较详细地实验研究了腔内CdTe电光调QCO₂脉冲激光及其外差信号的时域频域特性,其激光脉冲时域波形长的拖尾被发现.如果脉冲很弱,无法直接探测信号.而在这种条件下用外差检测方法,就可以探测到较强的脉冲拖尾外差中频信号,且拖尾持续时间很长.同时,讨论了在激光外差探测中本振和主振激光间偏频控制的可能性.     

Generation and interference collapse of distortion-less fs pulses in free space by Fresnel sources

A method of formation of the tightly confined, distortion-free, femtosecond pulses in two dimensions (2D) with the step-like decreasing of intensity after a finite length of propagation in free space is described. The pulses are formed by the Fresnel source of modes corresponding to a 2D hollow waveguide with perfectly reflecting walls (material waveguide). The source reproduces in free space a propagation-invariant pulse confined by the waveguide. Unlike the case of material waveguides, when the pulse goes out from the virtual waveguide formed by the Fresnel source its shape does not change, but the intensity immediately drops down to the near-zero level. It is also shown that there is a limit of the duration of pulse beyond which the step-like decay is not observed.