一种三芯液晶光子晶体光纤的特性（英文）

针对三轴光纤陀螺共用光源问题,提出了一种新型的多芯液晶光子晶体光纤,该光纤具有三个呈等边三角形几何形状排列的液晶纤芯。利用有限元法对其功率分布、模场、有效折射率和色散特性进行了数值分析,结果表明,这种三芯液晶光子晶体光纤可将传输光完全等分为三束光,且具有平坦色散特性,在波长为1.45μm~1.75μm之间的色散变化小于2 ps·km~(-1)·nm~(-1)。此外,该光纤在大约150 nm的波长范围内显示出超平坦的色散,并且可以通过改变中心空气孔的直径来调整超平坦色散的波长范围。研究成果对液晶光子晶体光纤、三轴光纤陀螺和三相光纤电流互感器的等光分束器、1×3多芯光子晶体耦合器和平坦色散光纤的进一步发展具有重要意义。     

光子晶体光纤陀螺技术及其首次空间试验

光子晶体光纤具有抗辐射、抗弯曲、抗磁场干扰和温度敏感性低等优势,是空间用光纤陀螺的理想选择.针对空间用光纤陀螺,提出了四层孔和双层孔陀螺用光子晶体光纤结构,突破了光子晶体光纤长距离拉制关键技术,批量制备了陀螺用长距离低损耗实芯光子晶体光纤与空芯光子晶体光纤,利用开发的光子晶体光纤周向散射、背向散射、温度、磁等性能测试设...     

高精度光子晶体光纤陀螺设计及在轨应用验证

针对空间辐照带来的光功率衰减和卫星轨道周期带来的周期性温变效应,基于光子晶体光纤单一材料特点带来的抗辐照和弱温度敏感特性,提出开展空间用高精度光子晶体光纤陀螺技术研究.通过设计实芯光子晶体光纤结构,完成损耗<1.5 dB/km、偏振串音<-24 dB/km和直径135μm的光子晶体光纤技术验证,并采用八极对称绕制技术完...     

一种高精度光纤陀螺用光子晶体光纤设计

为了解决光子晶体光纤陀螺中高阶模致非互易性问题,设计了一种用于高精度光纤陀螺的单模保偏光子晶体光纤。为获得光纤结构参数最优区域,基于全矢量有限元方法开展了光子晶体光纤模场分布、双折射特性和限制损耗与三个重要结构参数(归一化频率、空气填充比、大孔直径)的依赖关系数值仿真分析。以传统熊猫型保偏光纤特性为参照,确定了光子晶体光纤结构参数最优区域。采用优化的光子晶体光纤绕制了1500 m环圈并装配于陀螺,对陀螺进行了相应测试。未采用温度补偿措施下,陀螺全温零偏稳定性优于0.008 (°)/h (100 s, 1σ),表明这种光子晶体光纤适用于高精度光纤陀螺。     

光子晶体光纤陀螺光纤环偏振特性

光子晶体光纤陀螺技术是解决光纤陀螺空间辐照及热漂移问题的重要技术途径,其中光子晶体光纤环是影响光纤陀螺性能的关键。仿真分析了光子晶体光纤的双折射与结构设计的关系,并计算了光纤的双折射和光纤环绕制过程引入的附加双折射的温度灵敏度,利用白光干涉仪,对光子晶体光纤环和普通的保偏光纤环进行了对比测试分析。试验结果表明,光子晶体光纤环具有较低的偏振特性温度灵敏度,双折射温度系数比普通保偏光纤低接近1个量级,引起的陀螺偏振误差也比普通保偏光纤环小1倍左右。试验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

一种高性能抗辐照掺铒光子晶体光纤光源

为满足空间环境应用高精度光纤陀螺的需求,基于掺铒光子晶体光纤设计了一种抗辐照掺铒光纤光源。首先设计了一种高浓度掺铒光子晶体光纤,通过优化Er3+/Al3+的掺杂浓度,改善了掺铒光纤的荧光特性。然后通过调节光纤长度优化光源输出光谱接近掺铒光纤本征荧光谱,降低了辐照条件下掺铒光纤光源的光谱损耗;结合"平坦谱光谱滤波"和"泵浦光功率闭环反馈控制"技术设计出适合空间辐照环境应用的掺铒光子晶体光纤光源。辐照试验结果表明,光源在200 krad辐照剂量下输出光谱宽度大于40 nm,平均波长稳定性2.6′10~(-6)/krad,功率损耗小于0.2 dB,表现出较好的抗辐照效果。     

五角芯型保偏光子晶体光纤(Q-PM-PCF)的双折射

提出了一种内层空气孔环含有五个空气孔的新型高双折射光子晶体光纤结构;采用全矢量有限元法进行分析,研究了该光子晶体光纤两正交偏振模的有效折射率和双折射,分别给出了该五角芯型保偏光子晶体光纤双折射随输入光波长和大空气孔半径的变化曲线.分析结果表明:该五角芯型保偏光子晶体光纤的双折射很易达到i0-3量级甚至更高,比传统保偏光纤的双折射至少高出一个数量级,合理设计光纤结构参数,该保偏光纤的双折射在1550 nm处可以达到6.5×10-3以上,甚至更高,适合应用于偏振特性及稳定性要求都较高的实际光纤传感系统,例如光纤陀螺.     

应用于三轴光纤陀螺中的双程后向ASE光源

根据三轴光纤陀螺的高精度需求,采用大功率高稳定性的高精度双程后向方案掺铒光纤光源。通过对ASE光源的理论分析建立数学模型,并根据所用掺铒光纤及泵浦光源的参数对光源进行谱型分析,确定光路方案。再以掺铒光纤和泵浦激光器的温度特性和补偿为研究重点,对掺铒光纤的长度和掺杂浓度以及泵浦功率和铒纤的匹配性进行试验,最终采用铒纤长度19 m,泵浦波长974.6 nm,泵浦功率140 m A,得到光源光功率为20 m W,平均波长变化量小于0.5′10~(-6)/℃,满足光纤陀螺对ASE光源的要求。     

保偏光子晶体光纤的近圆形模场分布特性

在光纤陀螺中,由于保偏光纤的性能易受环境的影响,制约了光纤陀螺稳定性和精度的进一步提高。保偏光子晶体光纤的研究为光纤陀螺解决环境适应性问题提供了新思路,针对保偏光子晶体光纤与传统光纤的模场匹配问题,采用有限元方法,对保偏光子晶体光纤的保偏性能和模场分布特性进行了分析与研究。通过分析不同空气孔尺寸对保偏光子晶体光纤性能的影响,得到其保偏性能与模场分布特性存在相互制约性。提出了一种改善保偏光子晶体光纤模场分布的方法,并通过仿真分析验证了这一方法的可行性,这为光纤陀螺用光子晶体光纤的发展提供了借鉴。     

激光干涉测速中信号光纤色散测量

为对激光干涉测速系统(VISAR)中信号光纤的色散特性进行快速测量,搭建了一种基于时域法的多模光纤色散测量装置。该装置由532nm 的皮秒激光器、快响应光电探测器以及宽带数字示波器组成,通过对输入光纤前后的光脉冲时间宽度进行测量,来获得光纤的脉冲响应3dB脉宽(即色散时间)。利用该装置分别对一根长度为123m 的国产梯度折射率光纤以及一根10m 长的阶跃折射率光纤在532nm 波长附近的色散特性进行了测量。测得的梯度折射率光纤色散时间为(68316)ps,对应3dB频响带宽为646MHz;阶跃折射率光纤色散时间为(163114)ps,对应频响带宽为271MHz。对实验结果进行了测量不确定度分析,并与理论计算值进行了比较,获得了较好的一致性。研究表明,利用该实验装置,可对激光干涉测速应用中信号光纤的色散特性进行迅速、准确的测量,从而为实验中信号光纤类型、长度等的合理选用提供参考。     

光纤色散及损耗对光纤探针信号传输的影响

对光纤色散及损耗给光纤探针信号前沿和幅度造成的影响进行了理论估算。通过实验对这种影响进行了实际测量。实验中采用四种长度不同的光纤。结果表明,在采用数值孔径为0.37的阶跃石英光纤传输时,光纤色散对光纤探针信号前沿的展宽为5414 ns/km,光纤损耗对光纤探针光信号的影响为4.40.2 dB/km。因此,在光纤需要长距离传输时,有必要采取措施对色散的影响加以控制。     

A fiber optic sensor for transverse strain measurement

A fiber optic sensor capable of measuring two independent components of transverse strain is described. The sensor consists of a single Bragg grating written into high-birefringent, polarization-maintaining optical fiber. When light from a broadband source is used to illuminate the sensor, the spectra of light reflected from the Bragg grating contain two peaks corresponding to the two orthogonal polarization modes of the fiber. Two independent components of transverse strain in the core of the fiber can be computed from the changes in wavelength of the two peaks if axial strain and temperature changes in the fiber are zero or known. Experiments were performed to determine the response of the sensor by loading an uncoated sensor in diametral compression over a range of fiber orientations relative to the loading. The results of these experiments were used with a finite element model to determine a calibration matrix relating the transverse strain in the sensor to the wavelength shifts of the Bragg peaks. The performance of the sensor was then verified by measuring the transverse strains produced by loading the fiber in a V-groove fixture.     

双程前向结构掺铒光纤光源稳定性的实验研究

为了获得高稳定的光纤陀螺掺铒光纤光源,理论分析了平均波长受温度变化的影响因素,实验研究了双程前向(DPF)结构掺铒光纤光源平均波长温度稳定性。主要通过优化铒纤长度来减小铒纤的本征温度系数对光源稳定性的影响,优化泵浦功率使其引起平均波长的变化达到最小。最终获得了掺铒光纤光源在双程前向结构下的优化铒纤长度12.2m和优化泵浦功率150mW,对比分析了包括优化铒纤长度在内的三个长度下,不同泵浦功率对光源的平均波长、输出功率和谱宽的影响;测量了不同长度铒纤的本征温度系数,获得了平均波长稳定性为-0.452ppm/°C的双程前向光纤光源。     

Characteristic relations of flow birefringence

This is the first of two closely related papers on the flow-birefringence response to the velocity vector field of a particular liquid representing a certain class of birefringent bodies.^* The flowing material under study was the aqueous solution of the compound known under the name NGS 1828 and commonly known as “milling yellow” or “acid yellow”. This solution appears to exhibit all three major mechanisms of birefringence. The physical parameters characterizing this material depend strongly on temperature, concentration and age and, therefore, it can be considered as representing a typical class of liquids used in flow-model experiments. The paper presents the experimental evidence that the flow birefringence cannot be explained and described by the simple mathematical model of birefringence in solid continuum which relates the changes of the components of dielectric tensor to the components of stress and strain tensors, or their derivatives, and which neglects the influence of the spectral frequency (wavelength of radiation). Results are presented for transmission birefringence (and for scattered-light birefringence in the second paper) in the visible and the infrared bands of radiation. It is shown that:

- the amount of birefringence depends strongly and non-monotonically on wavelength of radiation;

- the linear range of optical response to shear-strain rate depends on wavelengths of radiation;

- the directions of optic axes strongly depend both on the shear-strain rate and on the wavelength of radiation, even in the linear range of mechanical response.

It is further shown that there exists a relation between the absorption bands, the maximum transmittance, the dispersion of birefringence, the spectral dependence of optic-axes direction, and the linear range of optical response. Within the maximum transmittance band and the linear range of mechanical response the linear range of birefringence is maximum and the dispersion of birefringence is minimum with respect to the shear-strain rate; the corresponding dispersion of optic axis is also minimum. Samples of typical recordings are given in the visible and the infrared radiation for typical flow patterns. One of the practical conclusions is that to optimize the flow-birefringence studies of engineering problems it is advisable to choose the radiation in the near-infrared range. The evidence presented shows that the common trend in engineering research toward simplification of the model of the flow-birefringence response is not necessary.     

光纤陀螺标度因数迟滞模型分析与补偿技术

高精度惯性导航系统对由温度引起的光纤陀螺标度因数变化指标提出了很高的要求。采用温度补偿技术是一种提升标度因数性能的有效方法,其中建立精确且普适的温度模型是关键。提出并分析了光纤陀螺温度与标度因数模型的迟滞现象。通过分析和试验表明,标度因数模型的迟滞现象是由光纤陀螺结构的热不均匀性造成的,采用多温度点采样来修正标度因数模型的方法可以有效避免模型的迟滞现象,提升标度因数模型的补偿效果,使光纤陀螺可以适应各种温度变化的环境。在-40℃~+60℃范围内同时对光纤环圈和光源的温度进行采集,并利用光源温度与平均波长的关系来修正标度因数模型,通过模型修正可以将光纤陀螺全温标度因数稳定性指标由常规模型下的36×10~(–6)提升到12×10~(–6)。     

用于改善光纤陀螺全温标度因数变化的环圈制作工艺

全温标度因数变化大小直接影响光纤陀螺的应用效果。随着中高精度光纤陀螺在复杂工况下的广泛应用,对陀螺标度因数变化的要求也在不断提高。光纤长度和光纤环平均直径在全温范围内的变化量是全温标度因数变化最大的影响因素。本文介绍了控制该变化量的常规方式,并提出通过不同排纤方式和不同光纤环窗口比的方法来进一步减小这种变化量的方法。通过仿真和试验证实:某型中等精度光纤环在不同制作工艺条件下全温标度因数变化量有将近300×10~(-6)的差值。     

循环干涉型光纤陀螺及其光源

介绍了一种新型光纤陀螺及其关键器件。包括：（1）循环干涉型光纤陀螺的系统方案；（2）大功率超辐射发光二极管；（3）多功能光学发收模块，它们是国内光纤陀螺研制中急待解决的关键技术。采用模块化结构和微光电机系统（MOEMS）是国外光纤陀螺的发展方向。     

分布式光纤传感器测量数据可靠性分析方法

分析了分布式光纤传感器测量结果的可靠性,提出从应变系数和温度系数标定到分布式光纤传感器物理量测量以及结果评价的方法,设计了分布式光纤传感器的应变系数和温度系数标定装置,同时分析了应变标定装置的不确定度来源,采用基于光频域反射技术的分布式光纤解调仪进行了实验验证.应变标定范围为-5000με?5000με,温度标定范围为...     

Measurement of inhomogeneous strain fields by fiber optic sensors embedded in a polymer composite material

Experimental results of strain field measurement in polymer composite specimens by Bragg grating fiber optic strain sensors embedded in the material are considered. A rectangular plate and a rectangular plate with “butterfly” shaped cuts are used as specimens. The results of uniaxial strain experiments with rectangular plates show that fiber optic strain sensors can be used to measure the strains, and these results can be used to calculate the calibration coefficients for fiber optic strain sensors. A gradient strain field is attained in a plate with cuts, and the possibility of measuring this field by fiber optic strain sensors is the main goal of this paper. The results of measurements of gradient strain fields in the plate with cuts are compared with the results obtained by using the three-dimensional digital optic system Vix-3D and with the results of numerical computations based on finite element methods. It is shown that the difference between the strain values obtained by these three methods does not exceed 5%.