应变测量中的恒流源电路

本文介绍了几种动态和静态应变测量中的恒流源电路及其相应的后级放大电路,进一步论证和分析了恒流源电路用于应变测量的优点。文中还提出了一种基于恒流源电路的 KGS—1型瞬态应变仪,并给出了恒流源电路用于测试动态应力强度因子的应用实例。     

静电陀螺仪MUM全姿态读取的原理及其误差分析

研究了采用同步解调法实现静电陀螺仪质量不平衡调制(MUM)全姿态读取的原理,讨论了影响读取精度的因素,分析了各电极轴转子位移测量电路比例因子不一致和电极轴不正交造成的读取误差.研究表明,某轴测量通道1%的比例因子偏差将造成约17′的读取姿态误差,电极轴不正交造成的读取误差与不正交的程度约在同一数量级.应用中必须通过建立读取误差补偿模型,并进行实时补偿来提高MUM全姿态读取的精度.     

半导体制冷器对SLD光源温控参数的影响

针对光纤陀螺用SLD光源与控制电路的匹配需求,探讨了SLD光源的重要光源组件——半导体制冷器对温度控制参数离散化的影响。结果表明,半导体制冷器(TEC)的等效内阻和制冷/加热效率的特性是目前SLD光源温控参数离散的主要原因;在当前温控模式下,TEC等效内阻对温控参数的影响最为显著,其由于工艺或使用条件变化等原因产生的任何微小差异均直接表现为温控参数的改变;TEC的制冷效率和加热效率对温控参数的影响不同,它们在制冷和加热过程分别促进和阻止温控参数的进一步离散。通过改进光源温控模式、加强光源规范管理、增强TEC的一致性,以及改进TEC制冷/加热效率,可大幅提高光源和温控电路的匹配效果。     

惯导平台自标定中安装误差可观性分析

针对惯导平台连续翻滚自标定中安装误差标定精度不高这一现状,提出了一种解决方案。通过对惯性器件的输出误差模型和安装误差的分析,建立了系统的姿态动力学方程和观测方程,利用输出灵敏度理论分析了系统的可观性,指出加速度计安装误差可观性较差是影响标定精度的主要原因。利用Kalman滤波中的估值方差矩阵计算了安装误差之间的相关系数,计算结果表明可观性差是由安装误差之间的线性相关性造成的,并确定了具体的不可观参数。以加速度计输入轴为基准建立平台坐标系可以减少安装误差项,使所有的安装误差的变得可观。最后的仿真结果表明在新的方案下,安装误差的估值偏差小于5",标定精度得到了显著提高。     

提高石英音叉陀螺驱动信号稳定性的数字电路设计

石英音叉陀螺通常采用模拟解调电路,现有模拟电路驱动电路幅度稳定性不高,限制了石英音叉陀螺整机性能,可以采用数字电路提高驱动幅度稳定性。文中先讨论了驱动信号幅度影响石英音叉陀螺性能的原因;然后设计了数字电路,采用数字信号处理算法实现了数字电路闭环驱动,并对数字电路闭环驱动的自动增益控制误差进行了分析;最后,对模拟电路和数字电路的驱动幅度稳定性进行了对比测试,定温情况下,模拟电路驱动幅度稳定性的均方差为4.77×10-4V,数字电路的幅度稳定性的均方差达到8.26×10-5V,模拟电路幅度稳定性在全温范围的均方差为0.0680 V,数字电路的均方差仅为0.0006V。实验表明,数字电路的驱动信号幅度稳定性显著提高。     

单轴旋转INS/GPS组合导航中重力垂线偏差引起的姿态误差分析

重力垂线偏差是高精度惯性导航中的一个主要误差源。在INS/GPS组合导航系统中,由于GPS可以提供位置和速度修正信息,垂线偏差对组合导航系统精度的影响主要体现在姿态上。从惯性导航系统的误差方程出发,推导INS/GPS组合导航姿态估计误差和陀螺零偏估计误差的解析表达式,从理论上分析组合导航模式下垂线偏差对姿态误差的影响。通过仿真验证理论分析的正确性。分析结果表明:东向姿态误差角由北向垂线偏差决定,北向姿态误差由东向垂线偏差决定;航向误差受东向垂线偏差和北向垂线偏差的一阶导数的共同影响,垂线偏差的剧烈变化将引起较大的航向误差。     

仿真转台机械回转精度对测量精度的影响分析

仿真转台机械回转精度主要受轴承、台体形变和安装等造成的误差的影响,它们同编码器自身的误差一同决定了测角误角。因此作主要针对Ｕ型框架分析了回转精度对测角精度的影响,经过理论分析和实验研究发现了其中影响测角精度的主要原因,并提出了调整方法。     

水平初始对准误差对旋转IMU导航系统的精度影响

针对旋转IMU导航系统中水平初始对准误差对系统导航精度的影响进行了分析和研究。以加速度计为例,分析了利用旋转自动补偿部分器件零偏的基本原理。然后详细推导了水平初始对准误差在IMU旋转过程中对导航精度产生的影响,指出了与常用导航方式的不同之处;在理论分析的基础上,进行了数学仿真和试验验证。结果表明,尽管通过旋转可以补偿部分惯性器件误差,但由于惯性器件的水平决定了初始对准误差,而初始对准误差对系统精度的影响在旋转过程中被激励出来,从而降低了系统的导航精度;因此,如果希望通过IMU旋转在长时间内获得更高的导航精度,需有效地降低系统初始对准误差。     

基于双通道解调相位校准技术的MEMS陀螺仪接口电路芯片

MEMS陀螺仪传感器件的机械正交误差信号会造成陀螺仪灵敏度、偏置稳定性等系统关键性能下降,甚至使陀螺仪工作失效。同步解调可以有效消除机械正交误差信号,但需要精准控制校准相位。设计了一款基于双通道解调相位校准技术的陀螺仪接口电路芯片,采用0.35μm CMOS工艺。芯片检测通路中设计了中心频率可调的开关电容型带通滤波器,用模拟方式粗调相位误差,并消除低频振动噪声与高频耦合噪声;解调信号产生通路中设计了可调相移分频器,用数字方式精调相位误差。实验结果表明,本芯片的相位校准精度要明显高于仅采用数字相位校准技术的对比芯片,并且将系统噪声降低了一个数量级以上,偏置稳定性性能也从100(°)/h提高到了6(°)/h。     

激光线宽对干涉式光纤陀螺性能影响分析

干涉式光纤陀螺的标度因数稳定性进一步提升受限于宽谱光源平均波长扰动水平,影响了其对于旋转速率的测量精度以及在复杂环境下的长期使用。采用中心波长更稳定的激光能有效提升光纤陀螺的标度因数性能,但是激光的线宽窄,会重新引入宽谱光源已经基本消除的主要误差源。针对以激光作为干涉式光纤陀螺驱动光源的应用背景,基于光物理场方程计算得出干涉式光纤陀螺中克尔效应、偏振耦合以及背向散射误差与激光线宽的关系,并定量分析出在激光谱宽范围内的各项误差源。此外搭建了光纤陀螺实验系统,分别以窄线宽激光和通过外部相位调制进行光谱展宽后的激光为光源进行静态测试验证。实验结果表明,不同光源线宽下陀螺的角度随机游走和漂移同理论模型一致,证明了模型的正确性,且光纤陀螺在展宽激光驱动下,可满足零偏不稳定性优于0.01?°/h的导航级需求。     

A time-varying hyperchaotic system and its realization in circuit

A hyperchaotic system is often used to generate secure keys or carrier wave for secure communication and the realistic hyperchaotic circuit often is made of capacitor, nonlinear resistor unit and induction coil. Parameters are often fixed in these hyperchaotic circuits and the hyperchaotic property of the system can be estimated by using a scheme of synchronization and time series analysis. In this paper, a time-varying hyperchaotic system is proposed by introducing changeable electric power source into the circuit; the changeable electric power source is combined with induction coil or capacitor in series to generate changeable output signals to excite the system. The diagrams of improved circuit are illustrated and critical parameters in experimental circuits are presented; the Lyapunov exponent spectrum vs. external applied electric power source is calculated. It is confirmed that the improved circuit always holds two positive Lyapunov exponents when the external electric power source works, and the chaotic attractors are much too different from the original one; thus, a more changeable hyperchaotic system is constructed in experiment.     

小尺寸数字闭环光纤陀螺信号处理电路

数字闭环光纤陀螺信号处理电路通常由分立的器件构成,其体积较大,限制了光纤陀螺的体积。为了缩小光纤陀螺的体积。设计了一种通用型小尺寸数字闭环光纤陀螺信号处理电路,该电路采用一体化陶瓷外壳,不需要使用基板,通过系统级封装(SIP)的方式,把国产的前级放大器、数模转换器(DAC)、模数转换器(ADC)、后级放大器以及串口收发器的裸芯片封装在外壳里,电路体积仅为14.6mm?14.6mm?2.5 mm,与采用分立的器件相比,光纤陀螺体积缩小了四分之一。电路可以实现光纤陀螺信号的采集以及调制波形的输出,实验结果表明,电路可以实现0.01(°)/h的光纤陀螺精度。     

Single amplifier biquad based autonomous electronic oscillators for chaos generation

Two simple autonomous chaotic electronic circuits have been proposed in this paper. The core of each of the circuits consists of a single amplifier biquad (SAB). We have proposed two configurations of converting this SAB into chaotic oscillators using suitable passive nonlinear element and a storage element in the form of an inductor. The mathematical models of the proposed chaotic circuits have been constructed, which are fourth order autonomous nonlinear differential equations. The behavior of the proposed circuits has been investigated through numerical simulations, Spice-based circuit simulations and electronic hardware experiments and they agree well with each other. It has been found that both the circuits show complex behaviors like bifurcations and chaos for a certain range of circuit parameters.     

Synchronization of PWL function-based 2D and 3D multi-scroll chaotic systems

We study the synchronization of a piecewise linear function-based chaotic system. That system generates multiple scrolls in multiple directions (two- and three-directions) on phase space. In this scenario, the design of a controller based on Generalized Hamiltonian forms is possible. As function of control signals, we propose a master?Cslave synchronization scheme using 2 ⁿ ?1 combinations to drive a nonlinear state observer. Associated with this, the piecewise linear functions of the slave are directly controlled by the state-variables of the master system. We computed the synchronization error for each combinations. Besides, the circuit synthesis based on operational amplifiers validates our synchronization scheme by means of SPICE simulations. We observed that the synchronization error at circuit level depends on the number of the control signals used. Our numerical and SPICE simulation results are in agreement showing the usefulness of the proposed approach.     

A feasible neuron for estimating the magnetic field effect

Biological neurons are capable of encoding a variety of stimuli, and the synaptic plasticity can be enhanced for activating appropriate firing modes in the neural activities. Artificial neural circuits are effective to reproduce the main biophysical properties of neurons when the nonlinear circuits composed of reliable electronic components with distinct physical properties are tamed to generate similar firing patterns as biological neurons. In this paper, a simple neural circuit is proposed to estimate the effect of magnetic field on the neural activities by incorporating two physical electronic components. A magnetic flux-controlled memristor and an ideal Josephson junction in parallel connection are used to percept the induction currents induced by the magnetic field. The circuit equations are obtained according to the Kirchhoff’s theorem and an equivalent neuron model is acquired by applying scale transformation on the physical variables and parameters in the neural circuit. Standard bifurcation analysis is calculated to predict possible mode transition and evolution of firing patterns. The Hamilton energy is also obtained to find its dependence on the mode selection in electronic activities. Furthermore, External magnetic field is applied to estimate the mode transition of neural activities because the phase error and the junction current across the Josephson junction can be adjusted to change the dynamics of the neural circuit. It is found that the biophysical functional neuron can present rapid and sensitive response to external magnetic field. Nonlinear resonance is obtained when stochastic phase error is induced by external time-varying magnetic field. The neural circuit can be suitable for further calculating the collective behaviors of neurons exposed to magnetic field.

     

A simple inductor-free memristive circuit with three line equilibria

In this work, a novel inductor-free fourth-order two-memristor-based chaotic circuit is proposed. This new circuit is developed from a current feedback op amp-based sinusoidal oscillator through replacing a linear resistor with a memristor and adding another different parallel memristor to the cascaded memristor–capacitor net. The proposed circuit can perform chaotic, fixed point, and period behaviors. The most striking feature is that this system has three line equilibria and exhibits the extreme multistability phenomenon of the coexisting infinitely many attractors. Specially, amplitude death behavior and transient transition behavior can also be found in the proposed system. By using standard nonlinear analysis tools including system dissipation, equilibrium point stability, phase portrait, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, and bifurcation diagram, the fundamental dynamical characteristics of the circuit are investigated in detail. Moreover, a MULTISIM circuit is designed to verify the numerical simulations.     

Crack synchronization of chaotic circuits under field coupling

Nonlinear electric devices are important and essential for setting circuits so that chaotic outputs or periodical series can be generated. Chaotic circuits can be mapped into dimensionless dynamical systems by using scale transformation, and thus, synchronization control can be further investigated in numerical way. In case of synchronization approach, resistor is often used to bridge two chaotic circuits and gap junction connection is used to realize possible synchronization. In fact, complex electromagnetic effect in circuits should be considered when the capacitor and inductor (inductance coil) are attacked by high-frequency signals or noise-like disturbance. In this paper, two chaotic circuits are connected by using voltage coupling (via resistor) and triggering mutual induction electromotive force, which time-varying magnetic field is generated in the inductance coils. Therefore, magnetic field coupling is realized between two isolate inductance coils and induction electromotive force is generated to adjust the oscillation in circuits. It is found that field coupling can modulate the synchronization behaviors of chaotic circuits. In case of periodical oscillating state, the synchronization between two periodical circuits under voltage coupling is destroyed when field coupling is considered. Furthermore, the synchronization between chaotic circuits becomes more difficult when field coupling is triggered. Open problems for this topic are proposed for further investigation.     

图像融合质量定量评价方法

建立了一套对图像融合质量进行定量评价的方法和准则。其中,对于相同传感器源的图像,利用标准参考图像,选取均方误差、峰值信噪比、参考图像,以及融合图像的信息熵差、互信息作为客观评价指标;对于不同传感器源图像,选取融合图像的标准差、空间频率、信息熵以及融合图像与两源图像的互信息之和作为客观评价指标。应用此方法和准则对基于离散小波框架、基于可操纵方向金字塔变换和基于双树复小波变换三种平移不变性的图像融合方法进行了客观定量评价。实验结果表明,基于可操纵方向金字塔变换的融合方法效果最好,然后是基于离散小波框架的融合方法;基于双树复小波变换的融合方法其性能与前两种接近,且其冗余性最小。     

单基线GPS动态航向测量与误差分析

针对GPS天线安装偏差在动态、实时情况下导致测量设备空间参考基准不一致,进而产生GPS航向测量误差的问题,采用空间投影的方法,分析了船体纵横摇、GPS天线高程差、方位偏差、GPS测量基线长和基座高程差等因素对GPS航向的影响,推导了GPS动态航向测量模型的误差补偿方程。仿真结果表明,方位偏差和船体横摇角分别是舰船静态和动态情况下GPS航向测量误差的主要影响因素。以某型高精度INS导航参数为基准,对GPS实测数据进行评估,试验结果表明,误差补偿后的GPS航向与INS航向的差值在均值统计上相差0.001°,证实了补偿模型提高GPS航向测量精度的有效性。