共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 590 毫秒
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研究了供应商和制造商产出随机且零售商面临随机需求的三级供应链协调模型,决策变量为供应商的原材料投入量、制造商的订购量和零售商的订购量。分析了集中决策下供应链协调基准的唯一性,论证了回购契约及其与产出风险分担组合契约的协调性。研究结果表明,对于产出和需求不确定的三级供应链,仅考虑在制造商和零售商之间采用回购契约可改善供应链绩效,但并不能实现供应链的全局最优化,而从风险分担的角度设计的回购和产出风险分担组合契约不仅能有效的协调供应链,且在一定条件下,各供应链成员的利润还能获得帕累托改进。通过算例验证了以上结论的正确性,并分析了回购价格对订购量、原材料投入量和利润的影响,以及各供应链成员对契约的偏好。 相似文献
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为了探索回购契约对闭环供应链系统的动态影响,构建了基于回购契约的闭环供应链系统动力学模型,在不同回购契约参数条件下进行仿真,系统地分析了闭环供应链整体及各节点企业的利润变动情况.研究表明:1)上游成员承诺的回购率越高,闭环供应链整体及各节点企业的利润越大.2)在闭环供应链中,制造商所需的协调时间最长,销售商利润最大,回收商利润最小,但随着回购率增加至阈值后,回收商的利润增长率最高. 相似文献
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基于条件风险值准则的供应链回购契约协调策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了由具有风险偏好的零售商和风险中性的供应商组成的两级供应链回购契约协调问题.针对具有风险偏好的零售商,考虑了风险中性、风险厌恶和风险喜好三种态度,建立了由风险厌恶程度和悲观系数两个参数描述的基于条件风险值(CVaR)的集成目标决策函数.推导了不同风险偏好态度下的零售商最优订货决策,分析了不同风险偏好参数下的零售商订货决策变化情况.给出了能够完全协调风险偏好零售商和风险中性供应商的供应链回购契约协调机制.最后,进行了数值计算,验证了设计的供应链回购契约协调策略的有效性.结果表明,在给出的回购契约协调机制下,考虑风险偏好情况下的零售商最优订货决策能够保证整个供应链系统实现最优绩效,而供应链成员期望利润却随不同的风险偏好参数而不同. 相似文献
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在由单个供应商和单个零售商组成的供应链中,零售商由于资金短缺或风险规避不能达到系统的最优订货量,因此需要采取一些措施使得供应链节点企业间相互合作来实现供应链的协调。本文针对需求随机且供应链节点企业存在缺货惩罚的情况,通过设计基于商业信用(即供应商允许零售商延期支付货款)的完全回购契约来促进零售商提高订购量,以实现供应链系统达到最优利润,分析给出了该契约下的最优订货量和批发价格;在此基础上,为了合理分配供应链系统的总利润,建立了回购与收入共享联合契约模型,发现通过共享系数的变动能够实现供应链系统协调和渠道成员双赢。 相似文献
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回购契约下双资源渠道供应链协调 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分析了零售商既可以从供应商处采购产品同时也可以自己生产的供应链协调问题.提出了回购契约协调该供应链.研究发现,协调回购契约的结构与零售商的需求和产量的随机特征无关,零售商生产和不生产两种情况下的协调回购契约的结构也相同.进一步在假设零售商的需求和产量均为均匀分布下,分析了协调回购契约下零售商的随机产量的价值、零售商的利润和供应商的利润关于批发价和供应商的单位生产成本的变化趋势. 相似文献
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回购契约下闭环供应链对突发事件的协调应对 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
在回购契约下,可以实现闭环供应链的协调。然而突发事件发生造成零售商面临的需求分布变化时,闭环供应链的销售活动将受到影响,闭环供应链的协调将被打破;但是闭环供应链的废旧品回收活动却不受突发事件的影响。为此,给出了闭环供应链对突发事件的最优应对策略,并调整了原来的回购契约使其能协调应对突发事件,并且使调整后的回购契约也能实现突发事件前闭环供应链的协调。 相似文献
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协调供应链系统使其具有抗突发事件性的研究是供应链管理的核心议题之一。为了分析突发事件下需求信息不对称时的供应链协调问题,考虑由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链,在随机市场需求下,首先分析了数量折扣契约对供应链的协调作用;然后探讨了突发事件导致市场需求发生变化且变化后的需求信息是不对称信息时数量折扣契约对供应链的协调作用,研究表明:基准的数量折扣契约对突发事件下的供应链不再发挥协调作用,为此,给出了供应链应对突发事件的最优应对策略,并调整了原来的数量折扣契约使其具有抗突发事件性。最后,应用一个算例对比加以说明。 相似文献
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In the absence of a clear command and control structure, a key challenge in supply chain management is the coordination and alignment of supply chain members who pursue divergent and often conflicting goals. The newsvendor model is typically used as a framework to quantify the cost of misalignment and to assess the impact of various coordination initiatives. The application of the newsvendor framework, however, requires the specification of some probability distribution for the sources of uncertainty, and in particular, for the market demand. The specification of an adequate demand distribution becomes difficult in the absence of statistical data. We therefore consider a fuzzy approach to the newsvendor problem. We use several fuzzy parameters in the model for the demand, the wholesale price, and the market sales price. We solve the fuzzy newsvendor problem to study three coordination policies: quantity discounts, profit sharing, and buyback. For each coordination policy, the optimal order quantity of the retailer is computed. The possible profits of the members in the supply chain are calculated with minimum sharing of private information. We further extend the fuzzy newsvendor model to a setting with a single manufacturer and multiple retailers under the assumption of ample capacity for the manufacturer. Detailed numerical examples are also provided. 相似文献
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Yingxue Zhao Tsan-Ming Choi T.C.E. Cheng Suresh P. Sethi Shouyang Wang 《European Journal of Operational Research》2014
We explore buyback contracts in a supplier–retailer supply chain where the retailer faces a price-dependent downward-sloping demand curve subject to uncertainty. Differentiated from the existing literature, this work focuses on analytically examining how the uncertainty level embedded in market demand affects the applicability of buyback contracts in supply chain management. To this end, we seek to characterize the buyback model in terms of only the demand uncertainty level (DUL). With this new research perspective, we have obtained some interesting new findings for buyback. For example, we find that (1) even though the supply chain’s efficiency will change over the DUL with a wholesale price-only contract, it will be maintained constantly at that of the corresponding deterministic demand setting with buyback, regardless of the DUL; (2) in the practice of buyback, the buyback issuer should adjust only the buyback price in reaction to different DULs while leave the wholesale price unchanged as that in the corresponding deterministic demand setting; (3) only in the demand setting with an intermediate level of the uncertainty (which is identified quantitatively in Theorem 5), buyback provision is beneficial simultaneously for the supplier, the retailer, and the supply chain system, while this is not the case in the other demand settings. This work reveals that DUL can be a critical factor affecting the applicability of supply chain contracts. 相似文献
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Demand for a new product is often highly uncertain. As the developer of a new product, the manufacturer may reduce the uncertainty of the product’s demand through observing progress in his product development process or receiving demand signals directly from customers. This paper first shows that a centralized channel always benefits from improved demand information. Yet, to realize this benefit in a decentralized manufacturer–retailer channel, the manufacturer needs to disclose his private demand information to the retailer. We show that the manufacturer’s incentive to share his improved demand information depends on the supply contract signed with the retailer. Furthermore, mandating the manufacturer to disclose his improved demand information can actually reduce the total channel profit. We provide managerial insights by analyzing three widely used contract forms. We investigate whether these contracts are robust under an unanticipated demand information update observed by the manufacturer. We show that the quantity flexibility contract with a high return rate is not robust. The buyback contract, however, is robust and always achieves information sharing while preserving channel performance. 相似文献