Phase-Stepping Photoelasticity by Use of Retarders with Arbitrary Retardation

The present paper describes a new phase-stepping algorithm for the analysis of isochromatics and isoclinics using retarders with arbitrary retardation. A retarder used in the proposed method is not necessarily a quarter-wave plate specified for the wavelength of the light used. Not only the isochromatic and isoclinic parameters but also the retardation of the input and output retarders are determined simultaneously by the proposed phase-stepping method. Thus, accurate analysis can be performed by the proposed method even if accurate quarter-wave plates are not used. In addition, any wavelength of visible light can be used in a single polariscope without requiring matching the wavelength of the quarter-wave plate. Thus, a multi-wavelength technique is easily combined with the proposed method for accuracy improvement, phase-unwrapping, or correction of ambiguity.     

Establishing the boundary retardation with respect to the observed fringes in scattered-light photoelasticity

This technical note presents a technique for estabalshing the boundary retardation with respect to the observed finges. Thus, the available data are increased and, thereby, improve the accuracy of determining fringe spacing near boundaries and, in particular, in thin models. The technique is applicable to scattered-light polariscopes utilizing a quarter-wave plate to circularize the entering polarized light.     

Rotary birefringent and quarter-wave plates applied to photoelasticimetry

With the help of Poincare's geometric representation and associated matrices, the authors point out the different equivalent operators issued from the decomposition of the representative matrix of a rotating birefringent. They also show that it is possible to obtain achromatic quarter-wave plates within a second-order error by composition of birefringent and rotary-power plates. Original measure principles in ellipsometry and photoelasticimetry have been deduced by the use of both of these new operators. One obtains automatically and simultaneously angular parameters of a polarized light. The principle of the monochromatic and automatic photoelasticimeter described is consistent with the use of two wavelengths and it eliminates all the errors of the first order. In the field of three-dimensional photoelasticimetry with scattered light, the matrix elements representing an elliptic birefringent are directly obtained. One deduces properties of a linear birefringent added with this elliptic birefringent from the variation of this fast. The principles of this apparatus are very simple and enable one to obtain accurate and digital values of the photoelastic parameters and to allow a direct treatment of the results with a small calculator.     

Fringe multiplication by reflection

A new method of fringe multiplication is presented in this paper.The method is simpleand applicable.Only one polarizer and one quarter-wave plate are adopted to get fringemultiplication by reflection.     

Studying the Vibrations of In-plane Loaded Plates of Variable Thickness

A technique for analyzing the natural vibrations of variable-thickness plates under in-plane loading has been developed. The technique is based on variational and R-function methods. It is used to study the dependence of the natural frequencies of the plates on their shape and boundary and loading conditions__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 85–93, January 2005.     

The finite element technique for predicting the natural frequencies,mode shapes and damping values of filamentary composite plates

This article presents the numerical method for predicting the natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping values of filamentary composite plates. This method is based on finite element technique, using damped element and allowing transverse shear deformation. For the example of this technique, the theoretical results comparing with experimental values of carbon fibre and glass fibre reinforced plastics plates (mid-plane symmetric) are provided. The dynamic properties of these laminates are discussed. Finally, a simple graphic technique to estimate the natural frequencies and damping values is suggested.     

对称角铺设复合材料层合梯形板振动分析的一种有效方法

本文给出了对称角铺设复合材料层合梯形板振动特性分析的一种有效方法，可方便地处理具有内部点支承及各种边界支承时矩形、平行四边形、三角形、等腰梯形与非等腰梯形层合板的横向弯曲振动问题．     

Experimental and theoretical predictions of first-ply failure strength of laminated composite plates

Experimental and theoretical methods are presented to study the first-ply failure strength of laminated composite plates under different loading conditions. An acoustic emission technique is used to measure the energy released in the plates during the failure process. The first-ply failure strength of the plates is then identified via the energy vs load diagrams which are constructed on the basis of the measured acoustic emissions. A finite element analysis, which is constructed on the basis of the layerwise linear displacement theory, and the Tsai–Wu failure criterion are used to predict the first-ply failure strength of the plates. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical results shows good agreement.     

Elastic wave propagation in anisotropic spherical curved plates

Spherical plate-like structures are used in pressure vessels, spherical domes of power plants, and in many other industrial applications. For non-destructive evaluation of such spherical structures, the mechanics of elastic wave propagation in spherical curved plates must be understood. The current literature shows some valuable studies on Rayleigh surface wave propagation in isotropic solids with spherical boundaries. However, the guided wave propagation problem in an anisotropic spherical curved plate, which has not been studied before, is solved for the first time in this paper.The wave propagation, in both isotropic and anisotropic spherical curved plates, is investigated. The differential equations of motion and the stress-free boundary conditions on the inner and outer surfaces of a hollow sphere are approximately solved by a general solution technique. This solution technique was successfully utilized by the authors for solving the wave propagation problem in cylindrical plates, in their earlier works. Dispersion curves for spherical plates made of isotropic aluminum, steel, and anisotropic composite material are presented as well.     

ELASTIC-PLASTIC DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF FULLY BACKED SANDWICH PLATES UNDER LOCALIZED IMPULSIVE LOADING

An analytical model is developed to assess the elastic-plastic dynamic response of fully backed sandwich plates under localized impulse load.The core is modeled as an elastic-perfectly plastic foundation.The top face sheet is treated as an individual plate resting on the foundation.The elastic-plastic analysis for the top face sheet is based on a minimum principle in dynamic plasticity associated with the finite difference technique.The effects of spatial and temporal distributions of the impulsive loading on the dynamic response of sandwich plates are discussed.The model can be used to predict the impulse-induced local effect on fully backed sandwich plates.     

A two-dimensional model of the flow of ordered suspensions of rods

Analysis of creeping flow over an array of freely-rotating cylinders sandwiched between two sliding parallel plates is studied using a finite-difference and a least-squares numerical technique. The flow pattern was found to be very much influenced by the cylinder-to-cylinder spacing and by the gap width of the parallel plates. The shear stress on the cylinder surface and on the parallel plates was found to be a strong function of position. The viscosity of a suspension composed of an array of freely-rotating cylinders was deduced from the applied shear rate and the evaluated shear stress on the parallel plates. Experimental results confirm the numerical findings.     

A new approach for developing dynamic theories for structural elements : Part 1: Application to thermoelastic plates

With the object of developing refined dynamic theories for plates, shells, beams and composites, a new technique is proposed. This technique eliminates any inconsistency between the assumed deformation or temperature shape and lateral boundary or interface conditions. Accordingly, it improves the dispersive characteristics of waves propagating in any of these structural elements. In this study the new technique is applied to thermoelastic plates. It is found that the dispersion curves predicted by the refined approximate theory duplicate very closely those derived from the exact theory without introducing any matching coefficients into the approximate theory.     

Determination of the perturbation parameter in large deflection of plates and shallow shells by means of the least square method

In this paper, the least square method of determination of the perturbation parameter is presented when the perturbation technique is used in the solution of large deflection of axisymmetrical plates and shallow shells. The examples of circular plates are calculated and compared with the exact solution and other perturbation solutions. The results show the best agreement with the exact solution among those perturbation solutions.     

Action of a Local Time-Periodic Load on an Ice Sheet with a Crack

The problem of vibrations of an ice sheet with a rectilinear crack on the surface of an ideal incompressible fluid of finite depth under the action of a time-periodic local load is solved analytically using the Wiener–Hopf technique. Ice cover is simulated by two thin elastic semi-infinite plates of constant thickness. The thickness of the plates may be different on the opposite sides of the crack. Various boundary conditions on the edges of the plates are considered. For the case of contact of plates of the same thickness, a solution in explicit form is obtained. The asymptotics of the deflection of the plates in the far field is studied. It is shown that in the case of contact of two plates of different thickness, predominant directions of wave propagation at an angle to the crack can be identified in the far field. In the case of contact of plates of the same thickness with free edges and with free overlap, an edge waveguide mode propagating along the crack is excited. It is shown that the edge mode propagates with maximum amplitude if the vertical wall is in contact with the plate. Examples of calculations are given.     

稳定性试验平台的研制与试验研究

板和加筋板是组成船体的主要结构,精确预报板和加筋板的强度是确保船舶结构安全性的一个关健问题.文章基于结构稳定性理论,设计了一套稳定性试验平台,使其能够完成板、加筋板的稳定性试验.以板为试验研究对象,进行了稳定性试验,得到了各组试验的临界载荷;利用弹塑性理论推导了各组板试件的屈曲临界载荷.通过试验值和理论值的对比分析,验...     

四边简支矩形中厚板的弯曲

本文采用Reissner中厚板理论求解了四边简支矩形中厚板的弯曲问题。文中首先对Reissner中厚板理论的控制方程进行了适当的变更,使之成为非耦联的二阶偏微分方程组,然后利用有限积分变换法求解所得新的控制方程,得到了四边简支矩形中厚板受均布载荷作用下的解析解。文中所述方法可用以求解具有其它边界条件和载荷的矩形中厚板的弯曲问题,同时还可移植应用于其它中厚板理论。     

Erratum to: Vibration Analysis of Perforated Plates Using Time-Average Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Digital Speckle Interferometry is a non invasive full-field coherent optical technique used in mechanical vibration measurement. In this research, it is used for tuning resonant frequencies of vibrating plates in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of perforated plates. The plate was excited to resonant vibration by a sinusoidal acoustic source. Fringe pattern produced during the time-average recording of the vibrating plate, for several resonant frequencies were registered. Results of plates fixed at one edge having internal holes and attached masses are presented. Experimental natural frequencies and modal shapes are compared to those obtained by an analytical approximate solution based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method with the use of orthogonal polynomials as coordinate function. A high degree of correlation between computational analysis and experimental results was observed, proving the potentiality of the optical technique as experimental validation of the numerical simulations.     

周边转动弹性约束圆柱型正交各向异性圆板的后屈曲分析

本文基于Ｖｏｎ－Ｋａｒｍａｎ型大挠度方程组，用Ｇａｒｌｅｒｋｉｎ技术对周边转动弹性约束圆柱型正交各向异性圆板的后屈曲进行了分析，分析中以Ｌｅｇｅｎｄｒｅ多项式构成试函数，计算结果表明：以正交Ｌｅｇｅｎｄｒｅ多项式为试函数，收敛快，精度高，与有限元法相比具有方法简单，工作量小，精度高等优点。有关结构可供设计圆板时参考。     

Vibration Analysis of Perforated Plates Using Time-Average Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Digital Speckle Interferometry is a non invasive full-field coherent optical technique used in mechanical vibration measurement. In this research, it is used for tuning resonant frequencies of vibrating plates in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of perforated plates. The plate was excited to resonant vibration by a sinusoidal acoustic source. Fringe pattern produced during the time-average recording of the vibrating plate, for several resonant frequencies were registered. Results of plates fixed at one edge having internal holes and attached masses are presented. Experimental natural frequencies and modal shapes are compared to those obtained by an analytical approximate solution based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method with the use of orthogonal polynomials as coordinate function. A high degree of correlation between computational analysis and experimental results was observed, proving the potentiality of the optical technique as experimental validation of the numerical simulations.     

High-order shear theory for static analysis of functionally graded plates with porosities

The bending responses of porous functionally graded (FG) thick rectangular plates are investigated according to a high-order shear deformation theory. Both the effect of shear strain and normal deformation are included in the present theory and so it does not need any shear correction factor. The equilibrium equations according to the porous FG plates are derived. The solution to the problem is derived by using Navier's technique. Numerical results have been reported and compared with those available in the open literature for non-porous plates. The effects of the exponent graded and porosity factors are investigated.