The Besov Space B^{{0,1}}_{1} on Domains

Let Ω be a bounded Lipschitz domain. Define B ^0,1 _{1, r} (Ω) = {f∈L ¹ (Ω): there is an F∈B ^0,1 ₁ (ℝ ⁿ ) such that F|_Ω = f} and B ^0,1 _{1 z} (Ω) = {f∈B ^0,1 ₁ (ℝ ⁿ ) : f = 0 on ℝ ⁿ }. In this paper, the authors establish the atomic decompositions of these spaces. As by-products, the authors obtained the regularity on these spaces of the solutions to the Dirichlet problem and the Neumann problem of the Laplace equation of ℝ ⁿ ₊. Received June 8, 2000, Accepted October 24, 2000     

双圆盘加权Hardy空间上$T_{z_1^{k_1}z_2^{k_2}+\bar{z}_1^{l_1}\bar{z}_2^{l_2}}$的约化子空间

本文中, 我们主要刻画了Toeplitz算子$T=M_{z^k}+M^*_{z^l}$的约化子空间, 其中 $k_i, l_i$ ($i=1,2$) 均是正整数, $k=(k_1,k_2), l=(l_1,l_2)$ 且 $k\neq l$, $M_{z^k}$, $M_{z^l}$ 是双圆盘加权Hardy空间$\mathcal{H}_\omega^2(\mathbb{D}^2)$上的乘法算子. 对权系数 $\omega$ 适当限制, 我们证明了由 $z^m$ 生成的 $T$ 的约化子空间均是极小的. 特别地, Bergman 空间和加权 Dirichlet 空间 $\mathcal{D}_\delta(\mathbb{D}^2)(\delta>0)$ 均是满足该限制条件的加权Hardy空间. 作为应用, 我们刻画了 $\mathcal{D}_\delta(\mathbb{D}^2)(\delta>0)$ 上 Toeplitz 算子 $T_{z^k+\bar{z}^l}$ 的约化子空间, 该结论是对双圆盘Bergman 空间上相关结论的推广.     

CR-Admissible $$\mathbb{{Z}}_{2}$$-gradations and CR-symmetries

Complementing the results of (Lotta and Nacinovich, Adv. Math. 191(1): 114–146, 2005), we show that the minimal orbit M of a real form G of a semisimple complex Lie group in a flag manifold is CR-symmetric (see (Kaup and Zaitsev Adv. Math. 149(2):145–181, 2000)) if and only if the corresponding CR algebra admits a gradation compatible with the CR structure.      

On Quadratic Differentials and Twisted Normal Maps of Surfaces in {\mathbb{S}^{2} \times\mathbb{R}} and {\mathbb{H}^{2} \times\mathbb{R}}

Given a Lie group G with a bi-invariant metric and a compact Lie subgroup K, Bittencourt and Ripoll used the homogeneous structure of quotient spaces to define a Gauss map ${\mathcal{N}:M^{n}\rightarrow{\mathbb{S}}}$ on any hypersupersurface ${M^{n}\looparrowright G/K}$ , where ${{\mathbb{S}}}$ is the unit sphere of the Lie algebra of G. It is proved in Bittencourt and Ripoll (Pacific J Math 224:45–64, 2006) that M ⁿ having constant mean curvature (CMC) is equivalent to ${\mathcal{N}}$ being harmonic, a generalization of a Ruh–Vilms theorem for submanifolds in the Euclidean space. In particular, when n = 2, the induced quadratic differential ${\mathcal{Q}_{\mathcal{N}}:=(\mathcal{N}^{\ast}g)^{2,0}}$ is holomorphic on CMC surfaces of G/K. In this paper, we take ${G/K={\mathbb{S}}^{2}\times{\mathbb{R}}}$ and compare ${\mathcal{Q}_{\mathcal{N}}}$ with the Abresch–Rosenberg differential ${\mathcal{Q}}$ , also holomorphic for CMC surfaces. It is proved that ${\mathcal{Q}=\mathcal{Q}_{\mathcal{N}}}$ , after showing that ${\mathcal{N}}$ is the twisted normal given by (1.5) herein. Then we define the twisted normal for surfaces in ${{\mathbb{H}}^{2}\times{\mathbb{R}}}$ and prove that ${\mathcal{Q}=\mathcal{Q}_{\mathcal{N}}}$ as well. Within the unified model for the two product spaces, we compute the tension field of ${\mathcal{N}}$ and extend to surfaces in ${{\mathbb{H}}^{2}\times{\mathbb{R}}}$ the equivalence between the CMC property and the harmonicity of ${\mathcal{N}.}$      

Difference Sets in {\mathbb{Z}}_4^m and {\mathbb{F}}_2^{2m}

Let R=GR(4,m) be the Galois ring of cardinality 4^m and let T be the Teichmüller system of R. For every map λ of T into { -1,+1} and for every permutation Π of T, we define a map φ _λ ^Π of Rinto { -1,+1} as follows: if x∈R and if x=a+2b is the 2-adic representation of x with x∈T and b∈T, then φ _λ ^Π (x)=λ(a)+2Tr(Π(a)b), where Tr is the trace function of R . For i=1 or i=-1, define D _i as the set of x in R such thatφ _λ ^Π =i. We prove the following results: 1) D _i is a Hadamard difference set of (R,+). 2) If φ is the Gray map of R into ${\mathbb{F}}_2^{2m}$ , then (D _i) is a difference set of ${\mathbb{F}}_2^{2m}$ . 3) The set of D _i and the set of φ(D _i) obtained for all maps λ and Π, both are one-to-one image of the set of binary Maiorana-McFarland difference sets in a simple way. We also prove that special multiplicative subgroups of R are difference sets of kind D _i in the additive group of R. Examples are given by means of morphisms and norm in R.     

The estimate for mean values on prime numbers relative to \frac{4} {p} = \frac{1} {{n_1 }} + \frac{1} {{n_2 }} + \frac{1} {{n_3 }}

If n is a positive integer,let f （n） denote the number of positive integer solutions （n 1,n 2,n 3） of the Diophantine equation 4/n=1/n₁ + 1/n₂ + 1/n₃.For the prime number p,f （p） can be split into f 1 （p） + f 2 （p）,where f i （p） （i=1,2） counts those solutions with exactly i of denominators n 1,n 2,n 3 divisible by p.In this paper,we shall study the estimate for mean values ∑ p相似文献   

The exact order of\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^{\text{n}} {|{\text{x - x}}_{\text{k}} } |^8 |{\text{l}}_{\text{k}} ({\text{x)|}}^{\text{t}}

In this paper we give the exact order of \(\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^{\text{n}} {|{\text{x - x}}_{\text{k}} } |^5 .\) for any fixed nonnegative integers s and t, which is n^?s, n^?s lnn and n^1?t for s≤t?2, s=t?1 and s≥t, respectively.     

Lagrangian Klein Bottles in {\mathbb{R}^{2n}}

It is shown that the n-dimensional Klein bottle admits a Lagrangian embedding into \mathbbR²ⁿ{\mathbb{R}^{2n}} if and only if n is odd.     

Classification of rotational special Weingarten surfaces of minimal type in {\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{R}} and {\mathbb{H}^2 \times \mathbb{R}}

In this paper we classify the complete rotational special Weingarten surfaces in ${\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{R}}$ and ${\mathbb{H}^2 \times \mathbb{R}}$ ; i.e. rotational surfaces in ${\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{R}}$ and ${\mathbb{H}^2 \times \mathbb{R}}$ whose mean curvature H and extrinsic curvature K _e satisfy H = f(H ² ? K _e ), for some function ${f \in \mathcal{C}^1([0,+\infty))}$ such that f(0) = 0 and 4x(f′(x))² < 1 for any x ≥ 0. Furthermore we show the existence of non-complete examples of such surfaces.     

Two Inner Sequences Based Invariant Subspaces in {{H}^{2} (\mathbb{D}^{2})}

Let M be a shift invariant subspace in the vector-valued Hardy space ${H_{E}^{2}(\mathbb{D})}$ H E 2 ( D ) . The Beurling–Lax–Halmos theorem says that M can be completely characterized by ${\mathcal{B}(E)}$ B ( E ) -valued inner function ${\Theta}$ Θ . When ${E = H^{2}(\mathbb{D}),\,H_{E}^{2}(\mathbb{D})}$ E = H 2 ( D ) , H E 2 ( D ) is the Hardy space on the bidisk ${H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^2)}$ H 2 ( D 2 ) . Recently, Qin and Yang (Proc Am Math Soc, 2013) determines the operator valued inner function ${\Theta(z)}$ Θ ( z ) for two well-known invariant subspaces in ${H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^{2})}$ H 2 ( D 2 ) . This paper generalizes the ${\Theta(z)}$ Θ ( z ) by Qin and Yang (Proc Am Math Soc, 2013) and deal with the structure of ${M = {\Theta}(z)H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^{2})}$ M = Θ ( z ) H 2 ( D 2 ) when M is an invariant subspace in ${H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^{2})}$ H 2 ( D 2 ) . Unitary equivalence, spectrum of the compression operator and core operator are studied in this paper.     

Geometric complexity of embeddings in {\mathbb{R}^{d}}

Given a simplicial complex K, we consider several notions of geometric complexity of embeddings of K in a Euclidean space \({\mathbb{R}^d}\) : thickness, distortion, and refinement complexity (the minimal number of simplices needed for a PL embedding). We show that any n-complex with N simplices which topologically embeds in \({\mathbb{R}^{2n}, n > 2}\) , can be PL embedded in \({\mathbb{R}^{2n}}\) with refinement complexity \({O(e^{N^{4+{\epsilon}}})}\) . Families of simplicial n-complexes K are constructed such that any embedding of K into \({\mathbb{R}^{2n}}\) has an exponential lower bound on thickness and refinement complexity as a function of the number of simplices of K. This contrasts embeddings in the stable range, \({K\subset \mathbb{R}^{2n+k}, k > 0}\) , where all known bounds on geometric complexity functions are polynomial. In addition, we give a geometric argument for a bound on distortion of expander graphs in Euclidean spaces. Several related open problems are discussed, including questions about the growth rate of complexity functions of embeddings, and about the crossing number and the ropelength of classical links.     

Linear Forms and Higher-Degree Uniformity for Functions On {\mathbb{F}^{n}_{p}}

In [GW1] we began an investigation of the following general question. Let L ₁, . . . , L _m be a system of linear forms in d variables on Fⁿ_p{F^n_p}, and let A be a subset of Fⁿ_p{F^n_p} of positive density. Under what circumstances can one prove that A contains roughly the same number of m-tuples L ₁(x ₁, . . . , x _d ), . . . , L _m (x ₁, . . . , x _d ) with x₁,?, x_d ? \mathbb Fⁿ_p{x_1,\ldots, x_d \in {\mathbb F}^n_p} as a typical random set of the same density? Experience with arithmetic progressions suggests that an appropriate assumption is that ||A - d1||_U^k{||A - \delta 1||_{U{^k}}} should be small, where we have written A for the characteristic function of the set A, δ is the density of A, k is some parameter that depends on the linear forms L ₁, . . . , L _m , and || ·||_U^k{|| \cdot ||_U{^k}} is the kth uniformity norm. The question we investigated was how k depends on L ₁, . . . , L _m . Our main result was that there were systems of forms where k could be taken to be 2 even though there was no simple proof of this fact using the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Based on this result and its proof, we conjectured that uniformity of degree k − 1 is a sufficient condition if and only if the kth powers of the linear forms are linearly independent. In this paper we prove this conjecture, provided only that p is sufficiently large. (It is easy to see that some such restriction is needed.) This result represents one of the first applications of the recent inverse theorem for the U ^k norm over Fⁿ_p{F^n_p} by Bergelson, Tao and Ziegler [TZ2], [BTZ]. We combine this result with some abstract arguments in order to prove that a bounded function can be expressed as a sum of polynomial phases and a part that is small in the appropriate uniformity norm. The precise form of this decomposition theorem is critical to our proof, and the theorem itself may be of independent interest.     

Extended quasi-homogeneous polynomial system in {\mathbb{R}^{3}}

In this paper we define an extended quasi-homogeneous polynomial system d x/dt = Q = Q ₁ + Q ₂ + ... + Q _δ , where Q _i are some 3-dimensional quasi-homogeneous vectors with weight α and degree i, i = 1, . . . ,δ. Firstly we investigate the limit set of trajectory of this system. Secondly let Q _T be the projective vector field of Q. We show that if δ ≤ 3 and the number of closed orbits of Q _T is known, then an upper bound for the number of isolated closed orbits of the system is obtained. Moreover this upper bound is sharp for δ = 3. As an application, we show that a 3-dimensional polynomial system of degree 3 (resp. 5) admits 26 (resp. 112) isolated closed orbits. Finally, we prove that a 3-dimensional Lotka-Volterra system has no isolated closed orbits in the first octant if it is extended quasi-homogeneous.     

On the recursive sequencex_{n + 1} = \frac{{ax_{n - 2m + 1}^p }}{{b + cx_{n - 2k}^{p - 1} }}

The boundedness, global attractivity, oscillatory and asymptotic periodicity of the nonnegative solutions of the difference equation $$x_{n + 1} = \frac{{ax_{n - 2m + 1}^p }}{{b + cx_{n - 2k}^{p - 1} }}, n = 0, 1,...$$ wherem, k ∈ N, 2k > 2m?1,a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers andp < 1, are investigated.