Dirichlet's Theorem, Vojta's Inequality, and Vojta's Conjecture

This paper addresses questions involving the sharpness of Vojta's conjecture and Vojta's inequality for algebraic points on curves over number fields. It is shown that one may choose the approximation term mS(D,-) in such a way that Vojta's inequality is sharp in Theorem 2.3. Partial results are obtained for the more difficult problem of showing that Vojta's conjecture is sharp when the approximation term is not included (that is, when D=0). In Theorem 3.7, it is demonstrated that Vojta's conjecture is best possible with D=0 for quadratic points on hyperelliptic curves. It is also shown, in Theorem 4.8, that Vojta's conjecture is sharp with D=0 on a curve C over a number field when an analogous statement holds for the curve obtained by extending the base field of C to a certain function field.     

The ABC Conjecture Implies Vojta's Height Inequality for Curves

Following Elkies (Internat. Math. Res. Notices7 (1991) 99-109) and Bombieri (Roth's theorem and the abc-conjecture, preprint, ETH Zürich, 1994), we show that the ABC conjecture implies the one-dimensional case of Vojta's height inequality. The main geometric tool is the construction of a Belyǐ function. We take care to make explicit the effectivity of the result: we show that an effective version of the ABC conjecture would imply an effective version of Roth's theorem, as well as giving an (in principle) explicit bound on the height of rational points on an algebraic curve of genus at least two.     

Integral points, divisibility between values of polynomials and entire curves on surfaces

We prove some new degeneracy results for integral points and entire curves on surfaces; in particular, we provide the first examples, to our knowledge, of a simply connected smooth variety whose sets of integral points are never Zariski-dense. Some of our results are connected with divisibility problems, i.e. the problem of describing the integral points in the plane where the values of some given polynomials in two variables divide the values of other given polynomials.     

Computing the Rational Torsion of an Elliptic Curve Using Tate Normal Form

It is a classical result (apparently due to Tate) that all elliptic curves with a torsion point of order n(4?n?10, or n=12) lie in a one-parameter family. However, this fact does not appear to have been used ever for computing the torsion of an elliptic curve. We present here an extremely down-to-earth algorithm using the existence of such a family.     

A New Approach to the Main Conjecture on Algebraic-Geometric MDS Codes

The Main Conjecture on MDS Codes statesthat for every linear [n, k] MDS code over q, if 1 <k < q, then n q+1,except when q is even and k=3 or k=q-1,in which cases n q +2. Recently, there has beenan attempt to prove the conjecture in the case of algebraic-geometriccodes. The method until now has been to reduce the conjectureto a statement about the arithmetic of the jacobian of the curve,and the conjecture has been successfully proven in this way forelliptic and hyperelliptic curves. We present a new approachto the problem, which depends on the geometry of the curve afteran appropriate embedding. Using algebraic-geometric methods,we then prove the conjecture through this approach in the caseof elliptic curves. In the process, we prove a new result aboutthe maximum number of points in an arc which lies on an ellipticcurve.     

The Atiyah-Jones conjecture for rational surfaces

We show that if the Atiyah-Jones conjecture holds for a surface X, then it also holds for the blow-up of X at a point. Since the conjecture is known to hold for P² and for ruled surfaces, it follows that the conjecture is true for all rational surfaces.     

Singular rational curves on elliptic K3 surfaces

We show that on every elliptic K3 surface there are rational curves ${(R_i)}_{i\in \mathbb{N}}$ such that $R_i^2\to \infty$, that is, of unbounded arithmetic genus. Moreover, we show that the union of the lifts of these curves to $\mathbb{P}({\mathrm{\Omega }}_X)$ is dense in the Zariski topology. As an application, we give a simple proof of a theorem of Kobayashi in the elliptic case, that is, there are no globally defined symmetric differential forms.     

Heights of CM Points on Complex Affine Curves

In this note we show that, assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis for quadratic imaginary fields, an irreducible algebraic curve in is modular if and only if it contains a CM point of sufficiently large height. This is an effective version of a theorem of Edixhoven.     

The Two Hyperplane Conjecture

We introduce a conjecture that we call the Two Hyperplane Conjecture, saying that an isoperimetric surface that divides a convex body in half by volume is trapped between parallel hyperplanes. The conjecture is motivated by an approach we propose to the Hots Spots Conjecture of J. Rauch using deformation and Lipschitz bounds for level sets of eigenfunctions. We will relate this approach to quantitative connectivity properties of level sets of solutions to elliptic variational problems, including isoperimetric inequalities, Poincar′e inequalities, Harnack inequalities, and NTA(non-tangentially accessibility). This paper mostly asks questions rather than answering them, while recasting known results in a new light. Its main theme is that the level sets of least energy solutions to scalar variational problems should be as simple as possible.     

Une question sur les équations xm ? ym = Rzn (A Question on the Equations xm ? ym = Rzn)

Let m and n be integers at least two and R be a nonzero natural number. In this paper, we study the problem of the determination of the proper solutions of the Diophantine equation x ^m – y ^m equals; Rz ⁿ . We raise a question concerning the existence of any proper nontrivial solution of this equation, in case some precise conditions are satisfied by the triple (m, n, R). We prove some results about it.     

Iwasawa theory of quadratic twists of <Emphasis Type="Italic">X</Emphasis><Subscript>0</Subscript>(49)

The field \(K = \mathbb{Q}\left( {\sqrt { - 7} } \right)\) is the only imaginary quadratic field with class number 1, in which the prime 2 splits, and we fix one of the primes p of K lying above 2. The modular elliptic curve X ₀(49) has complex multiplication by the maximal order O of K, and we let E be the twist of X ₀(49) by the quadratic extension \(KK(\sqrt M )/K\), where M is any square free element of O with M ≡ 1 mod 4 and (M,7) = 1. In the present note, we use surprisingly simple algebraic arguments to prove a sharp estimate for the rank of the Mordell-Weil group modulo torsion of E over the field F _∞ = K(E _p∞), where E _p∞ denotes the group of p^∞-division points on E. Moreover, writing B for the twist of X ₀(49) by \(K(\sqrt[4]{{ - 7}})/K\), our Iwasawa-theoretic arguments also show that the weak form of the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer implies the non-vanishing at s = 1 of the complex L-series of B over every finite layer of the unique Z₂-extension of K unramified outside p. We hope to give a proof of this last non-vanishing assertion in a subsequent paper.     

Fermat最后定理—历史和证明简介

本文旨在介绍Ｆｅｒｍａｔ最后定量的历史和Ｗｉｌｅｓ最近所给的证明。首先简介了其在代数数论的发展过程中所起的作用，然后介绍椭圆曲线的基本概念，叙述Ｔａｎｉｙａｍａ－Ｗｅｉｌ猜想，即任一椭圆曲线都是模的。进而介绍Ｒｉｂｅｔ的工作。他证明了若Ｔａｎｉｙａｍａ－Ｗｅｉｌ猜想对半稳定的椭圆曲线成立则Ｆｅｒｍａｔ最后定理成立。最后介绍了ｌ－ａｄｉｃ Ｇａｌｏｉｓ表示的概念及Ｗｉｌｅｓ定理，即半稳定的椭圆曲线都     

Serre's Conjecture for Imaginary Quadratic Fields

We study an analog over an imaginary quadratic field K of Serre's conjecture for modular forms. Given a continuous irreducible representation :Gal(Q/K) GL₂(F_l) we ask if is modular. We give three examples of representations obtained by restriction of even representations of Gal(Q/Q). These representations appear to be modular when viewed as representations over K, as shown by the computer calculations described at the end of the paper.     

On the Group of Automorphisms of Shimura Curves and Applications

Let V _D be the Shimura curve over attached to the indefinite rational quaternion algebra of discriminant D. In this note we investigate the group of automorphisms of V _D and prove that, in many cases, it is the Atkin–Lehner group. Moreover, we determine the family of bielliptic Shimura curves over and over and we use it to study the set of rational points on V _D over quadratic fields. Finally, we obtain explicit equations of elliptic Atkin–Lehner quotients of V _D .     

Heegner zeros of theta functions

Heegner divisors play an important role in number theory. However, little is known on whether a modular form has Heegner zeros. In this paper, we start to study this question for a family of classical theta functions, and prove a quantitative result, which roughly says that many of these theta functions have a Heegner zero of discriminant . This leads to some interesting questions on the arithmetic of certain elliptic curves, which we also address here.

     

On a Criterion for Catalan's Conjecture

We give a new proof of a theorem of P. Mihailescu which states that the equation x ^p – y ^q = 1 is unsolvable with x, y integral and p, q odd primes, unless the congruences p ^q p (mod q ²) and q ^p q (mod p ²) hold.     

Rational curves in CICYs in products of two projective spaces

Let X be the product of two projective spaces and consider the general CICY threefold Y in X with configuration matrix A. We prove the finiteness part of the analogue of the Clemens’ conjecture for such a CICY in low bidegrees. More precisely, we prove that the number of smooth rational curves on Y with low bidegree and with nondegenerate birational projection is at most finite (even in cases in which positive dimensional families of degenerate rational curves are known).     

CM points on products of Drinfeld modular curves

Let be a product of Drinfeld modular curves over a general base ring of odd characteristic. We classify those subvarieties of which contain a Zariski-dense subset of CM points. This is an analogue of the André-Oort conjecture. As an application, we construct non-trivial families of higher Heegner points on modular elliptic curves over global function fields.

     

多个一元关系上的VAUGHT猜想

我们对多个一元关系理论系统证明了Ｖａｎｇｈｔ猜想并对其作了一个完整的类．