牡励中脂肪酸在储藏过程中的稳定性

用超临界流体萃取及ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析了新冷冻干燥及保存１５ｄ,３０ｄ,４５ｄ,６０ｄ,７５ｄ,９０ｄ后的鲜牡蛎粉中的２３种脂肪酸组分的质量分数。发现在存放过程中牡蛎脂肪酸的稳定性与其不饱和度有关;不饱和度越高,脂肪酸越易被氧化,其中多不饱和记酸的氧化是逐渐进行的,没有特定的稳定期。     

GC-MS法鉴别食用油和餐饮业中废弃油脂的研究

用气相色谱 质谱联用(GC MS)方法对7种餐饮业中废弃油脂(简称废油脂)和5种合格成品食用油(简称食用油)中所有脂肪酸进行分析。研究发现,废油脂中部分不饱和脂肪酸受到氧化,使脂肪酸相对不饱和度(U R)值明显小于同种类食用油中的脂肪酸相对不饱和度(U R)值,其脂肪酸的质量分数分布与同种类的食用油中脂肪酸的质量分数分布有很大的区别,以及绝大部分废油脂中存在较大量矿物油。研究表明,脂肪酸相对不饱和度(U R)值和脂肪酸的质量分数分布可以鉴别废油脂。     

基于1H NMR与多元统计分析的薏苡仁油加速氧化特性研究

基于核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)技术与偏最小二乘判别分析(Partial least squares-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA),分析薏苡仁油分子在室温与60℃加速氧化条件下的变化特性。结果表明,新鲜薏苡仁油样在室温下贮藏135 d,油样亚油酸含量减少16.46%,油酸含量增加1.83%,饱和脂肪酸含量增加30.23%,但初级及次级氧化产物信号峰未出现。薏苡仁油60℃加速氧化18 d时,次级氧化产物信号峰出现,42 d后亚油酸含量减少71.99%,油酸含量增加7.33%,饱和脂肪酸含量增加1.34倍,表明脂肪酸含量随氧化温度变化而差异显著(p<0.05),且脂肪酸氧化顺序为多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)>单不饱和脂肪酸(MUSA)>饱和脂肪酸(SFA),加速氧化油样较室温氧化油样质劣变迅速。通过PLS-DA模型能鉴别薏苡仁油氧化条件。¹H NMR指纹图谱结合多元统计分析方法构建的定性分析模型,可为薏苡仁油的质量控制和品质评价提供参考。     

N-(5-氯-2-羟苄基)氨基酸酯的合成、表征及抑菌活性

以5-Cl水杨醛和L-苯丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸及L-甘氨酸的脂肪酸酯为原料,通过碱催化的席夫碱缩合反应,合成了6种N-(5-氯-2-羟苄基)席夫碱氨基酸酯及其还原产物N-(5-氯-2-羟苄基)氨基酸酯。化合物的结构及组成经过IR、1HNMR和元素分析测试技术进行了表征。合成的席夫碱及其还原产物对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌及真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。质量分数为0.01%的N-(5-氯-2-羟苄基)席夫碱氨基酸酯对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达90%以上,而N-(5-氯-2-羟苄基)氨基酸酯对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率也在90%以上,均为强抑菌活性,其中N-(5-氯-2-羟苄基)苯丙氨酸酯的抑菌率达98%以上。     

Ce-5%La合金表面氧化过程研究

采用拉曼光谱原位分析、扫描探针显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线能谱研究了Ce-5%（质量分数）La合金在空气中的氧化过程。结果表明,Ce-5%La合金在空气中极易氧化,氧化层由外及里存在氧浓度梯度,Ce^3＋和Ce^4＋所对应的拉曼谱峰强度变化情况反映了Ce-5%La合金在空气中的氧化过程具有两个显著阶段,表面剥离氧化物主要为CeO2。     

N-(5-氯-2-羟苯基)氨基酸酯的合成、表征及抑菌活性

以5-Cl水杨醛和L-苯丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸及L-甘氨酸的脂肪酸酯为原料,通过碱催化的席夫碱缩合反应,合成了6种N-（5-氯-2-羟苄基）席夫碱氨基酸酯及其还原产物N-（5-氯-2-羟苄基）氨基酸酯。 化合物的结构及组成经过IR、¹H NMR和元素分析测试技术进行了表征。 合成的席夫碱及其还原产物对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌及真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。 质量分数为0.01%的N-（5-氯-2-羟苄基）席夫碱氨基酸酯对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达90%以上,而N-（5-氯-2-羟苄基）氨基酸酯对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率也在90%以上,均为强抑菌活性,其中N-（5-氯-2-羟苄基）苯丙氨酸酯的抑菌率达98%以上。     

虾蛄脂肪酸分析

用快速脂肪提取器对雄、雌虾蛄肉及虾蛄头中的脂肪进行了提取和测定。脂肪经KOH CH3OH溶液水解并甲酯化后 ,采用 60m× 0 .3 2mmi.d.交联PEG 2 0M弹性石英毛细管柱 ,FID检测器 ,结合GC MS ,对脂肪酸进行了分析。结果表明 :雄虾蛄肉脂肪含量为 5 .1 4 % ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的 74 .7% ,其中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)为 4 9.3 % ,EPA +DHA为 3 0 .2 % ;雌虾蛄肉脂肪含量为 6.0 2 % ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的 71 .5 % ,其中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)为 4 2 .1 % ,EPA +DHA为 2 5 .2 % ;虾蛄头脂肪含量为 5 .65 % ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的 74 .3 % ,其中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)为 5 1 .5 % ,EPA +DHA为 2 9.7%。     

H2O2氧化法修复柴油污染土壤

用20 mL H2O2氧化处理柴油重度污染土壤,研究了土壤含水量过饱和状态下pH值对反应的影响。结果表明,24 h之内,5%初始含油量污土,pH值为5~8时,去油率在96%以上,即pH值近中性的土壤介质,在含水量过饱和情况下,处理条件相同时,其氧化去除效果差别不大;反应后溶液pH值由7.34、6.74、5.78降至7.02、6.58、5.49,这主要是由于一些酸性基团如CO2、H 、羧基、β-酮酸等的产生所致;反应溶液中H2O2量下降明显,1 h时由初始浓度0.05 mol/L降至0.000 3 mol/L左右,测出值趋近于0;表层油含量变化不稳定,但总趋势下降,下层油含量变化则呈明显下降趋势,说明整个氧化过程中柴油组分经历了分解、挥发和自下而上的迁移。     

Al2O3-SiO2催化环己胺氧化制备环己酮肟

以Al2O3-SiO2为催化剂,用双氧水氧化环己胺制备了环己酮肟。考察了溶剂用量、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等因素对催化性能的影响。结果表明,在溶剂乙腈与环己胺体积比为3∶1,催化剂质量分数31.0%,75℃反应5 h后的环己胺转化率为100%,环己酮肟选择性可达83.6%。并对环己胺催化氧化的反应机理作了初步的探讨。     

1-萘胺氧化合成1,4-萘醌

研究了在乙酸中,用H2O2氧化1-萘胺合成1,4-萘醌的新方法。 考察了反应温度、反应时间、1-萘胺与H2O2摩尔比、硫酸和H2O2质量分数等因素对产品收率的影响。 得到较优的反应条件为：1-萘胺与H2O2摩尔比为1∶10、H2O2质量分数为5%、硫酸质量分数为45%、反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h。 在此条件下,1,4-萘醌的收率为52.2%。 该方法具有操作简单、反应时间短和产物易分离等优点。     

The influence of serum fatty acid binding proteins on arachidonic acid uptake by macrophages

The role of serum fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) in arachidonic acid (AA) uptake by murine peritoneal macrophages has been studied. The kinetics of [³H]arachidonic acid uptake by the cells was investigated over a wide range of AA concentration (10⁻¹⁰–10⁻⁵ M). It was shown that these putative fatty acid transporters dramatically change the uptake processes. In the presence of FABPs, the time-course curves of AA uptake exhibited two distinct periods: one with a rapid AA uptake during the first hour with an equilibrium in 1–2.5 h and another with an equilibrium reached in 20 h, whereas in the absence of FABPs the uptake curves were smooth without kinks and with the equilibrium reached in 10 h. In addition, it was shown that the amount of incorporated AA was linearly dependent on the concentration of AA over the range of 10⁻¹⁰–10⁻⁶ M in the presence of serum FABPs and 10⁻¹⁰–10⁻⁷ M in their absence. We assume that the changes in the character of AA uptake by macrophages in the presence of FABP soccur due to the interaction of FABPs with the cell plasma membrane.     

食醋中C_1－C_8脂肪酸及乳酸的气相色谱分析

食醋中Ｃ１－Ｃ８脂肪酸和乳酸与适当过量的四甲基氢氧化铵作用生成季胺盐，用二甲基甲酰胺将其溶解，在室温下与过量溴乙烷完全反应而生成相应的乙酯。生成的乙酯在１０％丁二酸乙二醇聚酯（ＰＧＳ）柱上进行分离。用保留时间定性，用内标法定量。本法操作简便、快速，分离完全，对几种样品的测定结果较好     

Metabolic Profiling of Aliphatic,hydroxy, and Methyl-Branched Fatty Acids in Human Plasma by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

An efficient method for the simultaneous profiling analysis of 44 fatty acids including 24 aliphatic, 12 hydroxyl, and eight methyl-branched fatty acids as tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatives was developed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In this study, new mass spectral databases of isolauric, 11-methyllauric, isomyristic, isopentadecylic, isopalmitic, isostearic, 17-methylstearic, and 19-methylarachidic acids were constructed as TBDMS derivatives. Under the optimal conditions, linearity in the range of 0.1–10.0?µg/mL (24 aliphatic fatty acids) and 0.01–1.0?µg/mL (eight methyl-branched and 12 hydroxy fatty acids) showed good correlation coefficients (r?≥?0.997). The repeatability showed relative standard deviation of less than 11.2% and accuracy (percent relative error) varied from ?11.0 to 7.8 for the 44 fatty acids studied. The recoveries ranged from 61.7 to 90.1% with good repeatability. When applied to human plasma sample, 18 aliphatic, three 2-hydroxy, three 3-hydroxy, and five methyl-branched fatty acids were positively identified and quantified. Therefore, the present method will be useful for profiling analysis of various fatty acids in biological samples including plasma.     

Serum fatty acid profiles and potential biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease. Early and accurate detection is essential for effective disease treatment. Recently, research has focused on genomics and proteomics. However, the associated metabolic variations, especially fatty acid profiles, have been poorly discussed. In this study, the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) approach and multivariate statistical analysis were used to investigate the metabolic profiles of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and esterified fatty acids (EFAs) in AS patients. The results showed that significant differences in most of the FFA (C12:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:3, C20:4, C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6) and EFA (C12:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:4 and C22:6) concentrations were found between the AS patients and healthy controls (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed to classify the AS patients and controls. Additionally, FFAs C20:4, C12:0, C18:3 and EFAs C22:6, C12:0 were confirmed as potential biomarkers to identify AS patients and healthy controls. The present study highlights that differences in the serum FFA and EFA profiles of AS patients reflect the metabolic disorder. Moreover, FFA and EFA biomarkers appear to have clinical applications for the screening and diagnosis of AS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

桃核中脂肪酸成分分析

：通过GC－MS方法对桃核（核壳，桃仁，种皮）中的脂肪酸化学成分进行分析。鉴定出各种脂肪酸成分及其相对含量，主要成分为棕榈酸，硬酯酸，亚油酸，亚麻酸，油酸等。     

深黄被孢霉催化转化脂肪醇合成不饱和脂肪酸的初步研究

The unsaturated fatty acids were biosynthesized by Mortierella isabellina grown on fatty alcohols (butanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, etc) at 28 ℃ for 5 d and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that more lipid and higher content of the corresponding unsaturated fatty acids could be biosynthesized by the fungi grown on the long chain alcohols. Meanwhile, long chain alcohols were converted more quickly and had higher conversion. It suggests that long chain alcohols are more practical substrates.     

新型饱和脂肪酸胆酸缀合物的合成及抗胆结石活性研究

胆结石是常见多发病, 但临床缺乏有效的治疗药物. 饱和脂肪酸与胆酸的缀合物能有效预防胆固醇结晶、溶解体内胆固醇结石. 以胆酸或熊去氧胆酸24位羧基为连接位点, 以氨基酸为连接子, 通过酰胺键将载体与具有溶石活性的饱和脂肪酸偶联, 设计合成了一系列新型脂肪酸胆酸缀合物, 其结构经元素分析, IR, 1H NMR和MS光谱分析确证. 通过测定化合物对模型胆汁溶液胆固醇结晶及模型小鼠胆结石的溶解活性, 研究了其体内外溶石活性.     

New Triterpenoid Fatty Acid Esters from the Small Twigs of Viburnum Odoratissimum

α‐Amyrin margarate ( 1 ), moretenyl margarate ( 2 ) and moretenyl palmitate ( 3 ), three triterpenoid fatty acid esters, have been isolated from the acetone extract of the small twigs of Viburnum odoratissimum in addition to the three known compounds, α‐amyrin palmitate ( 4 ), ursolic acid ( 7 ) and vibsanin‐K ( 8 ). The structures of compounds 1–3 were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and alkaline hydrolysis. Preliminary pharmacological studies revealed that vibsanin‐K and ursolic acid exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human gastric (NUGC) and oral epidermoid (HONE‐1) tumor cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL while compounds 1–3 were inactive.     

Components of cyclohexane extract of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anthemis triumfetti</Emphasis>

The cyclohexane extract of the aerial parts of Anthemis triumfetti (L.) DC. was analyzed by means of GC-MS to determine the fatty acid and sterol composition. Additionally, camphor, trans-phytol, squalene, and β-carotene were isolated and identified on the basis of their data. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 420–421, September–October, 2007.     

植物油脂肪酸甲酯聚合物碘值的测定

本文通过测定植物油脂肪酸聚合物的碘值，指出其碘值随样品称量增加而明显变小的原因与聚合物结构有关。实验还指出，严格控制称样量在０．２－０．３ｇ内，其碘值绝对偏差不超过０．０１ｇ时，相对误差不超过１％，可满意地表示植物油脂肪酸甲酯聚合物的不饱和程度。