反相液相色谱法制备纯化柠檬苦素类似物配糖体

 利用反相制备液相色谱结合吸附树脂柱色谱和离子交换色谱方法 ,从甜橙种子的提取物中纯化制备了一种柠檬苦素类似物配糖体 ,经 NMR测定为奥巴叩酮配糖体。     

高效液相色谱法测定柑橘汁中的柠檬苦素和柚皮苷

柑橘汁的苦味主要是由于柚皮苷和柠檬苦素的存在所致,其含量的测定可用于控制柑橘类果汁的质量。采用高效液相色谱法在KR100-5C18(4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm,5 μm)上,分别以乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(体积比为17.5∶17.5∶65)和甲醇-冰醋酸-水(体积比为40∶1∶59)为流动相（流速均为1 mL/min）,在207 nm和283 nm检测波长下分别测定了柠檬苦素和柚皮苷。实验结果表明,柠檬苦素在1.00～50.00 mg/L时线性关系良好(r=0.9992),检出限为0.07 μg,平均加标回收率为98.69%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.5%;柚皮苷在20.00～160.00 mg/L时线性关系良好(r=0.9988),检出限为0.14 μg,平均加标回收率为100.13%,RSD为1.5%。用该法检测柑橘汁样品中的柠檬苦素与柚皮苷,方法简便、快速、准确。     

测定橘核中柠檬苦素类似物的分光光度法

建立了一种以柠檬苦素为标样快速简便地测定柠檬苦素类化合物总量的方法。测定过程包括用石油醚去油 ,然后用丙酮提取柠檬苦素类似物 ,再用二氯甲烷萃取丙酮提取物 ,最后根据柠檬苦素和Ehrlich试剂的反应来测定柠檬苦素类似物的总量。得出的回归方程为 y= -0.0163 0.003676x,检出限为7×10-6 。应用该法测定了4个样品 ,回收率在99.4%～100.1%范围内。实验表明该反应的选择性、重现性和对照性均好 ,操作方便 ,适用于柠檬苦素类似物提取过程中的常规检测。     

吸附树脂分离纯化柚核中的柠檬苦素

比较了大孔吸附树脂AB-8、HZ-816、HZ-818、HZ-803、HZ-806、D101对柠檬苦素的吸附性能,筛选出最佳树脂HZ-816进行柠檬苦素的分离纯化实验。实验表明,HZ-816能有效的吸附和解析柚核中的柠檬苦素,并确定了最佳工艺参数。柠檬苦素样品溶液经HZ-816树脂吸附与脱附后回收率为60%,含量由2.1%提高到47.1%,提高了22倍。     

高效液相色谱法测定野生和人工种植库鲁木提草中柚皮苷和木犀草素的含量

本文建立了新疆库鲁木提草中柚皮苷和木犀草素两种活性成分的高效液相色谱同时测定方法,并实现了野生及人工栽培库鲁木提草中柚皮苷和木犀草素的检测。采用Agilent HC-C_(18)色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇-0.2%HAc水溶液作为流动相,在柱温为室温和流速1.00mL/min条件下进行梯度洗脱,实现了两种活性成分之间以及它们与干扰组分的良好分离。柚皮苷和木犀草素的线性范围分别为120~1 440mg/L(r=0.9998)和17.5~210mg/L(r=0.9999),加标回收率分别为93.8%~100.2%(RSD=1.8%~2.7%,n=3)和98.3%~100.6%(RSD=1.3%~2.9%,n=3)。研究结果表明野生库鲁木提草中柚皮苷和木犀草素的含量更高。     

高效液相色谱法测定柑橘皮中柠檬苦素

提出了高效液相色谱法测定柑橘皮中柠檬苦素含量的方法。样品用体积分数为70%乙醇溶液于50℃超声提取75min。以Sinochrom ODS-BP(250mm×4.6mm,10μm)为分离柱,以乙腈-水(45+55)溶液作为流动相,用紫外检测器在波长210nm处进行测定。柠檬苦素的质量浓度在12.0～384mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的平均回收率为99.9%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.8%。     

免疫亲和色谱特异性剔除中药方剂四逆散中的柚皮苷

为了获得剔除柚皮苷(naringin)的中药方剂四逆散样品以供其药理活性探讨时使用,制备了抗柚皮苷抗体的免疫亲和色谱柱,用于特异性地剔除四逆散中的柚皮苷。首先合成了柚皮苷的完全抗原柚皮苷与牛血清白蛋白的结合物naringin-BSA,并用naringin-BSA对新西兰兔进行免疫获得抗血清,再将其纯化后与经CNBr活化的Sepharose 4B凝胶共价偶联制成免疫亲和色谱柱。将四逆散提取物样品溶液上样该色谱柱,洗脱,制得特异性剔除了柚皮苷的四逆散样品。由检测结果可知,naringin-BSA被成功合成。将其用于免疫新西兰兔,获得的抗血清的效价经酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定达到1∶30000,抗体IgG的纯度达94%,交叉反应率低。在IgG与Sepharose 4B合成的IgG-Sepharose免疫亲和色谱柱中,IgG的偶联率为87%。用该免疫亲和色谱柱处理四逆散后,其中所含的柚皮苷几乎完全被剔除。结果证明,利用抗柚皮苷免疫亲和色谱,能特异性地剔除四逆散或其他样品中的柚皮苷成分。     

高效液相色谱测定柑桔果汁中柚皮苷

柚皮苷(Naringin)是柑桔主要苦味物质之一,其学名为柚皮素-7-β-D-葡萄糖(2→1)-α-L-鼠李糖苷。已报道了多种测定柚皮苷的方法。本文报道了用反相高效液相色谱法测定(紫外检测)柚皮苷含量。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定枳壳中黄酮苷类化合物

利用高效液相色谱与电喷雾质谱联用技术研究了枳壳中的黄酮苷类化合物.实验采用反相C18色谱柱,二元线性梯度洗脱,分离并检测了枳壳中的6种黄酮苷类化合物;它们分别是新圣草苷(neoeriocitrin)、异柚皮苷(isonaringin)、柚皮苷(naringin)、橙皮苷(hesperidin)、新橙皮苷(neohesperidin)和新枸橘苷(neoponcirin);通过与电喷雾质谱联用获得了这6种黄酮苷的准分子离子峰([M+H]+)及分子加钠峰([M+Na]+),利用质谱的碰撞诱导解离技术获得了碎片裂解信息.通过这此质谱信息并结合文献,对这6种化合物进行了结构鉴定.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定枳壳中黄酮苷类化合物

利用高效液相色谱与电喷雾质谱联用技术研究了枳壳中的黄酮苷类化合物。实验采用反相C18色谱柱，二元线性梯度洗脱，分离并检测了枳壳中的6种黄酮苷类化合物；它们分别是新圣草苷（neoeriocitrin）、异柚皮苷（isonaringin）、柚皮苷（naringin）、橙皮苷（hesperidin）、新橙皮苷（neohesperidin）和新枸橘苷（neoponcirin）；通过与电喷雾质谱联用获得了这6种黄酮苷的准分子离子峰（[M＋H]^＋）及分子加钠峰（[M＋Na]^＋），利用质谱的碰撞诱导解离技术获得了碎片裂解信息。通过这此质谱信息并结合文献，对这6种化合物进行了结构鉴定。     

Screening for limonoid glucosides in Citrus tangerina (Tanaka) Tseng by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A screening method for limonoid glucosides in the peel of Citrus tangerina (Tanaka) Tseng, which utilizes high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection and interfaced to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, has been developed. In this way, the UV-Vis spectra and the mass spectra indicate the presence of limonoid glucosides without the necessity of isolating the individual compounds. Two major limonoid glucosides--obacunone glucoside (OG) and nomilin glucoside (NG)--were identified in the methanol extract of the peel. The two limonoid glucosides were taken as the target and isolated by means of preparative HPLC on a C18 reversed-phase column with an acidic acetonitrile-water mobile phase. The structures of OG and NG were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry.     

Simultaneous separation and identification of limonoids from citrus using liquid chromatography-collision-induced dissociation mass spectra

Limonoids are considered as potential cancer chemopreventive agents and are widely distributed in the Citrus genus as aglycones and glucosides. In the present study, reversed-phase HPLC coupled with CID mass spectra was developed for the simultaneous separation and identification of aglycones and glucosides of limonoids from citrus. Five aglycones such as limonin, deacetyl nomilin, ichangin, isolimonoic acid and nomilin were identified by positive ion CID MS/MS, whereas five glucosides, viz. limonin glucoside, isoobacunoic acid glucoside, obacunone glucoside, deacetyl nomilinic acid glucoside and nomilinic acid glucoside were analyzed by negative ion CID mass spectra. The developed method was successfully applied to complex citrus samples for the separation and identification of aglycones and glucosides. Citrus seeds were extracted with methanol and partially purified and analyzed by LC-CID mass spectra. The separation was achieved by C-18 column; eight limonoids were identified by comparing the retention times and mass spectral fragmentation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of citrus limonoids using CID technique.     

Rapid separation of three glucosylated resveratrol analogues from the invasive plant Polygonum cuspidatum by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography

Three glucosylated resveratrol analogues (piceid, piceatannol glucoside, resveratroloside) were successfully isolated from the crude MeOH extract of the invasive plant species Polygonum cuspidatum by semi‐preparative high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with a two‐phase solvent system composed of cyclohexane‐ethyl acetate‐methanol‐water (1:5:1:5, v/v/v/v). Piceid (23 mg), resveratroloside (17 mg), piceatannol glucoside (15 mg) of purities over 80% were isolated from 500 mg crude MeOH extract in one step. Subsequent passage over a SPE column was used to quickly bring their purities to over 90%. The purities were determined by HPLC analysis and their structures were elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR), HMBC, ESI‐MS and HR‐MS.     

Dye sensitized luminescent europium nanoparticles and its time-resolved fluorometric assay for DNA

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for simultaneous quantification of limonoid aglycones and glucosides on a reversed phase C₁₈ column using a binary solvent system, coupled with diode array detector. Seven limonoids such as limonin, nomilin, isolimonic acid, ichangin, isoobacunoic acid, limonin 17-β-d glucopyranoside and deacetyl nomilinic acid 17-β-d glucopyranoside were separated and detected at 210 nm. Furthermore, limonoids were separated, identified and quantified in four varieties of citrus fruits and seeds using developed method. Limonin and limonin glucoside were found to be the predominant limonoid aglycone and glucoside, respectively, in all tested samples. The sensitivity of the method was found to be 0.25–0.50 μg for tested limonoids.     

Flavonoid profiling in three citrus varieties native to the Republic of Korea using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry: contribution to overall antioxidant activity

A mixture of flavonoid components was isolated from the fruit peel of three varieties of citrus native to Republic of Korea, Citrus leiocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka (CLHT), Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) and Citrus erythrosa Hort. (CEH), via 70% methanol extraction followed by ethyl acetate elution over a silica gel cartridge. The flavonoid components of the mixture were analyzed via high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) in positive‐ion mode and a comparison of the reported data. Among 17 characterized components, two flavanones, four flavones and two coumarin derivatives in the fruit peel of the three varieties were identified for the first time. The individual characterized components were quantified via HPLC‐UV. The flavanones dominated in CAL, whereas the flavones prevailed in CLHT and CEH. The antioxidant activity of the flavonoid mixture of the fruit peel was determined via DPPH^?, ABTS^?+ and reducing power assays. The antioxidant activity of CEH and CAL was greater than that of CLHT. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Screening and analysis of the multiple absorbed bioactive components and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Jitai tablets by high‐performance liquid chromatography/diode‐array detection coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Based on the serum pharmacochemistry technique and high‐performance liquid chromatography/diode‐array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS), a method for screening and analysis of the multiple absorbed bioactive components and metabolites of Jitai tablets (JTT) in orally dosed rat plasma was developed. Plasma was treated by methanol precipitation prior to liquid chromatography, and the separation was carried out on a Symmetry C₁₈ column, with a linear gradient (0.1% formic acid/water/acetonitrile). Mass spectra were acquired in negative and positive ion modes, respectively. As a result, 26 bioactive components originated from JTT and 5 metabolites were tentatively identified in orally dosed rat plasma by comparing their retention times and MS spectra with those of authentic standards and literature data. It is concluded that an effective and reliable analytical method was set up for screening the bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine, which provided a meaningful basis for further pharmacology and active mechanism research of JTT. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Validated assay for the simultaneous quantification of total vincristine and actinomycin‐D concentrations in human EDTA plasma and of vincristine concentrations in human plasma ultrafiltrate by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive, specific and efficient high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) assay for the simultaneous determination of total vincristine and actinomycin‐D concentrations in human plasma and an assay for the determination of unbound vincristine are presented. Electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and heated electrospray ionization (H‐ESI) were tested as ionization interfaces. For reasons of robustness ESI was chosen followed by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS). For the plasma assay a 30 µL aliquot was protein precipitated with acetonitrile/methanol (50:50, v/v) containing the internal standard vinorelbine and 10 µL volumes were injected onto the HPLC system. To determine unbound vincristine, ultrafiltrate was produced from plasma using 30 kDa centrifugal filter units. The plasma ultrafiltrate was mixed with methanol (50:50, v/v), internal standard vinorelbine was added and 20 µL aliquots were injected onto the HPLC system. Separation was achieved on a 50 × 2.1 mm i.d. Xbridge C₁₈ column using 1 mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile (30:70, v/v) adjusted to pH 10.5 with ammonia, run in a gradient with methanol at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. HPLC run time was 6 min. The assay quantifies in plasma vincristine from 0.25 to 100 ng/mL and actinomycin‐D from 0.5 to 250 ng/mL using plasma sample volumes of only 30 µL. Vincristine in plasma ultrafiltrate can be quantified from 1 to 100 ng/mL. Validation results demonstrate that vincristine and actinomycin‐D can be accurately and precisely quantified in human plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate with the presented methods. The assays are now in use to support clinical pharmacological studies in children treated with vincristine and actinomycin‐D. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/ion mobility spectrometry of chlorophenols with full flow from large bore LC columns

Chlorophenols (CPs) as a mixture of fourteen congeners from mono- to pentachlorophenol were determined using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/ion mobility spectrometry (LC/ESI/IMS) to describe the response and analytical performance of a mobility spectrometer as a detector for liquid chromatography. The mobility spectrometer was equipped with an interface so that flows from a large bore column could be electrosprayed directly into the drift tube at flow rates up to 500 μL/min without splitting of flow. A linear gradient of the mobile phase from 40% to 90% methanol and 60% to 10% acetic acid (AcOH)–ammonium acetate buffer solution over 40 min with a C18 column provided baseline separations though mobility spectra for CPs were influenced by mobile phase composition. Product ions formed from CPs with ESI included phenoxide anions CPO^?, AcOH·CPO^?, CPOH·CPO^?, and Na⁺·(CPO^?)₂ and were found to be governed by the drift gas temperature. Ions were identified using LC/ESI/mass spectrometry (MS) and supported by results from computational modeling. Quantitative response was affected by congener structure through the acidities of the OH moiety and by the composition of the mobile phase. Limits of detection ranged from 0.135 mg/L for 2,3,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol to 2.23 mg/L for 2-chlorophenol; corresponding linear ranges were 20 and 70.     

高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法快速筛查改善睡眠类保健食品中非法添加的24种镇静催眠药

建立了高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱(HPLC-IT MS)同时测定改善睡眠类保健食品中非法添加的24种镇静催眠药的快速筛查方法。样品经甲醇超声提取20 min,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后进行HPLC-IT MS分析检测。采用Phenomenex Luna C18色谱柱分离,流动相A为0.05%(v/v)甲酸水溶液,流动相B为甲醇-乙腈(15:25, v/v)溶液,等度洗脱;采用电喷雾离子(ESI)源及正、负离子切换模式,扫描MS¹~MS³三级质谱,利用24种药物的MS/MS(MS²)和MS/MS/MS(MS³)质谱对样品进行定性筛查。24种镇静催眠药品在一定线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均大于0.999,检出限在4.0~446.6 μg/L之间,3个添加水平的回收率为88.6%~110.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.8%~9.8%之间。27批样品经筛查发现有18批样品检出褪黑素。该方法快速、灵敏、处理方法简单,可用于保健食品中非法添加镇静催眠类药品的快速筛查。