共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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纳米尺度上的生物分析化学是当今国际生物分析领域研究的前沿和热点.该文阐述了纳米粒子在电化学免疫传感器及电化学DNA传感器领域的应用,着重介绍了以纳米材料为载体设计新型的具有生物分子识别和电信号增强作用的纳米标记粒子在构建高灵敏电化学生物传感器以及多组分同时检测中的应用. 相似文献
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无酶电化学生物传感器具有环境适用性强、稳定性高、材料简单易得、灵敏度高、检测限低等特点,近年来受到研究者广泛关注。纳米材料有类酶活性,表现出类似天然酶的酶促反应动力学和催化机理,且能够增强界面吸附性能,增加电催化活性,并促进电子转移动力学,从而广泛应用于无酶电化学生物传感器。本文探索了具有电催化活性的纳米材料及其修饰电极的制备方法,介绍了无酶电化学传感器在医疗诊断、食品检测、环境检测以及其他领域中的应用,讨论了开发基于纳米材料的电化学传感器的未来机遇和挑战。 相似文献
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纳米电化学生物传感器 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
杨海朋|陈仕国|李春辉|陈东成|戈早川 《化学进展》2009,21(1):210-216
纳米电化学生物传感器是将纳米材料作为一种新型的生物传感介质,与特异性分子识别物质如酶、抗原/抗体、DNA等相结合,并以电化学信号为检测信号的分析器件。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和纳米材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用及其优势,综述了近年来各类纳米电化学生物传感器在生物检测方面的研究进展,包括纳米颗粒生物传感器,纳米管、纳米棒、纳米纤维与纳米线生物传感器,以及纳米片与纳米阵列生物传感器等。 相似文献
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石墨烯(Gr)是一类由单层碳原子组成的二维碳质材料,利用它独特的结构和良好的物理、化学性能,可构筑出在电催化、电化学传感器和生物传感器等领域有着巨大应用潜力的新型Gr功能复合材料。基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器与常规DNA传感器相比,具有明显的特色和优势,已被应用于特异DNA靶序列的识别和传感领域。本文就基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器的近期进展作简要评述,包括Gr与Gr基金属、金属氧化物、高分子、生物分子复合材料的电化学性能及其在DNA电化学传感中的应用,并对该类DNA电化学传感器的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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《分析试验室》2021,40(5):605-612
DNA电化学生物传感器是一类以DNA为敏感元件或检测对象,将核酸分子特异性识别过程中产生的信号通过换能器转化为电信号,从而实现对目标物定性或定量检测的传感器,具有响应速度快、操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高、检测成本低等优点,实现了多领域中重金属、真菌毒素、核酸等的快速实时检测。介绍了DNA电化学生物传感器的组装单元、电化学指示剂类型,以DNA二级构型角度综述了DNA电化学生物传感器的四大类特殊结构,并汇总其在临床、中医药、生态环境保护及食品安全等领域中重金属的检测应用研究,对新型DNA电化学生物传感器的设计与其在更多领域的拓展应用提供借鉴价值。 相似文献
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利用DNA与小分子之间的相互作用,以DNA/壳聚糖生物聚合离子膜固定电活性小分子,制备了DNA-甲苯胺蓝/壳聚糖聚合离子复合膜修饰电极,并利用多环有机物与染料分子对DNA特异结合的竞争关系,构筑了多环有机物非试剂添加型DNA电化学生物传感器。以盐酸四环素为模式分子,利用循环伏安法和方波伏安法研究了该修饰电极的电化学特性以及该电极对盐酸四环素的电化学响应,结果表明,DNA和甲苯胺蓝成功地固定在电极表面,电极表面的甲苯胺蓝保持了很好的电化学活性。利用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了电极对盐酸四环素响应的作用机理。该传感器的线性范围为2.5~100μmol·L-1。 相似文献
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Electrochemical DNA biosensors exploit the affinity of single-stranded DNA for complementary strands of DNA and are used in the detection of specific sequences of DNA with a view towards developing portable analytical devices. Great progress has been made in this field but there are still numerous challenges to overcome. This review for researchers new to the field describes the components of electrochemical DNA biosensors and the important issues in their design. Methods of transducing DNA binding events are discussed along with future directions for DNA biosensors. 相似文献
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电化学DNA生物传感器* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对特异DNA序列的检测在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义,DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要。近年来涌现出了多种传感策略,根据检测方法的不同可以大致分为光学传感器、电化学传感器、声学传感器等。由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并在近几年中得到了快速发展。本文概括了近年来在DNA传感器的重要分支——电化学DNA传感器领域内的一些重要进展,主要包括DNA探针在传感界面上的固定方法和各种电化学DNA杂交信号的检测方法。 相似文献
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MXenes are recently developed two-dimensional layered materials composed of early transition metal carbides and/or nitrides that provide unique characteristics for biosensor applications. This review presents the recent progress made on the usage and applications of MXenes in the field of electrochemical biosensors, including microfluidic biosensors and wearable microfluidic biosensors, and highlights the challenges with possible solutions and future needs. The multilayered configuration and high conductivity make these materials as an immobilization matrix for the biomolecule immobilization with activity retention and to be explored in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, respectively. First, how the MXene nanocomposite as an electrode modifier affects the sensing performance of the electrochemical biosensors based on enzymes, aptamer/DNA, and immunoassays is well described. Second, recent developments in MXene nanocomposites as wearable biosensing platforms for the biomolecule detection are highlighted. This review pointed out the future concerns and directions for the use of MXene nanocomposites to fabricate advanced electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, possibilities for developing microfluidic electrochemical sensors and wearable electrochemical microfluidic sensors with integrated biomolecule detection are emphasized. 相似文献
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The discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) about a decade ago has brought fascinating evolutions in electronics, material industry,
as well as bio-techniques for DNA analysis, gene therapy, drug delivery etc. It has also dramatically promoted the development
of DNA biosensing techniques, especially electrochemical DNA biosensor. The application of CNTs in electrochemical DNA biosensors
includes two main aspects: on one hand, using CNTs as a novel substrate not only enables immobilization of DNA molecules but
also serves as a powerful amplifier to amplify signal transduction event of DNA hybridization. On the other hand, CNTs can
also be employed as a powerful carrier to pre-concentrate enzymes or electroactive molecules for electrochemical sensing of
DNA hybridization as a novel indicator. In this review, we place emphasis on recent studies of CNTs-based electrochemical
DNA biosensors based on these two aspects, with advantages and disadvantages of each aspect introduced herein. 相似文献
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In this paper we critically review detection limits of electrochemical DNA biosensors enabling DNA detection without target labelling. The review includes transduction principles and latest breakthroughs. To compare the efficiency of each type of electrochemical DNA biosensor, a simple DNA biosensors classification is established on the basis of the nature of the bio-electrochemical transduction. 相似文献
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Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Graphene, emerging as a true 2‐dimensional material, has received increasing attention due to its unique physicochemical properties (high surface area, excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength, and ease of functionalization and mass production). This article selectively reviews recent advances in graphene‐based electrochemical sensors and biosensors. In particular, graphene for direct electrochemistry of enzyme, its electrocatalytic activity toward small biomolecules (hydrogen peroxide, NADH, dopamine, etc.), and graphene‐based enzyme biosensors have been summarized in more detail; Graphene‐based DNA sensing and environmental analysis have been discussed. Future perspectives in this rapidly developing field are also discussed. 相似文献
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This review summarizes recent advances in electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with an emphasis on applications of CNTs. CNTs and CNFs have unique electric, electrocatalytic and mechanical properties, which make them efficient materials for developing electrochemical biosensors.We discuss functionalizing CNTs for biosensors. We review electrochemical biosensors based on CNTs and their various applications (e.g., measurement of small biological molecules and environmental pollutants, detection of DNA, and immunosensing of disease biomarkers). Moreover, we outline the development of electrochemical biosensors based on CNFs and their applications. Finally, we discuss some future applications of CNTs. 相似文献