Stochastic bi-resonance induced by external noise for Ca~(2+) signaling in hepatocytes

Noise-induced effects have been widely studied theoretically and experimentally in different fields of science, one of the most interesting phenomena is sto- chastic resonance (SR), and the traditional SR was confined to the single-peak form. However, in …     

Stochastic resonance in surface catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide induced by colored noise

Noise is generally considered as a disadvanta-geous factor, which would smear weak signals, there-fore, people always try to reduce its influence. How-ever, recent studies show that, for a nonlinear system, under certain circumstances, noise can enhance sys-tem抯 response to a signal. At specific noise intensity, the response of a system to a weak signal may reach its maximum, which is called 搒tochastic resonance?(SR). The concept of SR was originally put forward by Benzi and his collaborat…     

Stochastic bi-resonance induced by external noise for Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript> signaling in hepatocytes

The influence of external noise on intracellular Ca²⁺ oscillations dynamics in a single cell of rat hepatocytes is studied. The coherence of noise-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ oscillations reached two maxima for multiple external noise intensity, indicating the occurrence of external noise stochastic bi-resonance (SBR). This phenomenon is compared with our previous result that was induced by internal noise. Additionally, the deterministic bifurcation character of the system was also discussed.     

Canard explosion and internal signal stochastic bi-resonance in the CO oxidation on platinum surface

Canard explosion means a dramatic change fromsmall amplitude quasi-harmonic oscillation to largeamplitude relaxation oscillation, accompanied by anexponential increase of period, of a limit cycle withina very narrow interval of a control parameter. Thisphenomenon was first found in the Van Der Pol equa-tions[1], and later has been found also in chemical[2]and biological[3] systems. Generally speaking, it is theresult of multi-time scales in the system, and can bedealt with singular perturbati…     

Periodic and random perturbation of catalytic oxidation of CO

When a controllable input is modulated by noise and signal, the response of a nonlinear system may exhibit a synchronized effect, which is referred to as stochastic resonance(SR). With the help of noise, the detection of weak signal may become possible and its signal-to-noise ratio can be increased. A model to describe catalytic oxidation of CO on single crystal was adopted, and its stability was studied by linear analysis method. Through computer simulation, the responses under periodic and random perturbation were analyzed. Stochastic resonance behavior was found in a narrow bistable region, or near the oscillatory region. The results shows more characteristics than those of 1-dimensional system does.     

金属核及氧化铈的物理化学性质对一氧化碳氧化的影响

氧化铈独特的氧化还原性能使其适合用作氧化反应中的催化剂或载体.氧化铈负载的过渡金属纳米粒子或孤立的单原子提供了金属-载体界面,从而降低了去除界面氧原子的能耗,提供了可以参与ManVanKulvian氧化过程的活性氧物种.CO氧化是测试氧化铈负载催化剂还原性的主要探针反应,并且它常见于在相对低温下消除CO的各种应用中.在过量H2中优先氧化CO(PROX)反应可控制CO浓度达到超低水平,以防止氢氧化电催化剂中毒.催化剂在CO氧化反应中的活性和在PROX反应中对CO和H2的选择性取决于金属物种的种类和分散性、CeO2的结构和化学性质以及催化剂的合成方法.在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近发表的关于CeO2负载的金属纳米粒子和单原子催化CO氧化和PROX反应的相关工作;以及不同的负载金属和同种金属在普通CeO2表面上的反应性.我们还总结了密度泛函理论计算中提出的最可能的反应机理;并且讨论了各种负载型金属在PROX反应中影响CO氧化选择性的因素.     

非恒温CO表面催化氧化体系双随机共振

当考虑化学反应热、热传导和热辐射的影响时, Pt(110)/CO+O2表面催化氧化体系温度出现时空变化. 以衬底温度为控制参数, 通过计算机模拟, 研究了衬底温度噪声对该非恒温表面反应体系振荡动力学行为的影响. 研究发现, 温度噪声可以诱导体系双随机共振现象, 而且增大衬底温度可以使体系共振行为由双随机共振变为单随机共振. 这表明体系可以利用温度噪声加强其反应振荡, 并对其具有双重选择性, 人们可以通过改变衬底温度大小来控制体系的共振行为.     

湿式催化氧化技术研究进展

现代化学工业的迅速发展促进了经济的快速发展,但与此同时进入水体的化学物质的种类和数量也急剧增加,给环境带来了很大的危害.因此,发展高浓度、有毒、有害的有机工业废水的高效处理技术,就显得日趋紧迫和十分重要,得到了人们的广泛关注.     

二氧化铈表面氧的活化及对氧化反应的催化作用

稀土催化材料的研究和发展为La和Ce等高丰度稀土元素的高质、高效利用提供了有效的途径．Ce基催化剂由于具有优异的储放氧性能,在氧化反应中得到广泛应用．本文介绍了采用理论模拟的方法,在研究Ce的4f轨道和结构弛豫对CeO2氧空位的形成和迁移中的作用以及作为载体时助催化作用的最新研究成果,提出了铈锆固溶体高储放氧性能的本质原因,为进一步制备高性能的氧化铈基储放氧材料和催化剂提供了理论基础．同时,对铈基催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧、CO催化氧化和卤代烃催化燃烧等反应中的应用和催化作用进行了综述,重点讨论了CeO2及其复合催化剂的氧化还原性能与其活性之间的关系．最后对在铈基催化剂研究中存在的问题和发展思路提出了思考和展望．     

Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over Au/Fe2O3 preparations

Low temperature catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide has been studied over Au/Fe₂O₃. On the coprecipitated samples the catalytic activity shows a maximum at a gold content of about 5%. Calcination of Au/Fe₂O₃ decreases the catalytic activity and the stability. The catalytic activity measured is the highest ever reported in the literature on Au/Fe₂O₃ preparations.     

钌基催化剂催化的气固相反应

催化剂被广泛应用于各种化学品的生产,从原子尺度了解整个催化反应体系有利于合理设计新型催化剂.参与气固相反应的催化剂主要有贵金属催化剂和过渡金属催化剂.近年来, Ru基催化剂由于在低温低压下表现出良好的催化活性而广泛应用于一些气固相反应.本文对 Ru的基本性质、氧化行为以及 Ru基催化剂的理论研究进行综述.介绍了钌基催化剂参与的气固相反应,包括挥发性有机物的催化氧化、一氧化碳优先氧化(PROX)、氨合成、氯化氢氧化以及甲烷部分氧化,分析了催化性能与理化性质之间的构效关系,提出了钌基催化剂在相关反应中存在的问题以及未来发展趋势. Ru具有多种氧化态,在 Ru基催化剂参与的气固相反应中,金属 Ru和/或 RuO2被认为是活性物种,通常反应温度在400oC以下. Ru (0001)晶面在 O2存在条件下,随着氧气含量的不同会从中间态过渡到氧化态,实验证明该晶面属于 RuO2.理论研究证实了在反应过程中 RuO2的存在,并提出了核壳结构,对于其它气固相反应的机理研究有一定启发.挥发性有机物(VOC)的催化氧化主要集中烷烃、烯烃、芳烃以及卤代烃的催化氧化,催化剂的理化性质包括颗粒粒径、价态和晶体结构等对催化活性有很大影响,并且 Ru基催化剂对卤代烃的催化氧化表现出良好的抗卤性,同时多卤代副产物低于其它贵金属体系. Ru基催化剂在低温条件下对 PROX具有高的活性和选择性,并且可以有效抑制 H2氧化、CO甲烷化和CO2甲烷化等副反应发生.氨合成的难点在于 N≡N具有很强的解离能,许多研究表明,氨合成使用的 Ru基催化剂的催化性能与载体性质密切相关, Ru与载体之间强的相互作用使得电子可以迅速地从载体转移到 Ru颗粒上,掺杂其它有效元素可能会提供更多的氧空位和有效防止高温焙烧导致催化剂烧结.对于 HCl氧化虽然研究较少,但是 Over等人对 HCl氧化机理进行了深入研究,并且日本住友化工设计的 Ru基催化剂已经商业化. Ru基催化剂可以有效降低甲烷部分氧化的反应温度和压力,并具有高的选择性和稳定性,避免副产物生成.现有催化系统以及新型催化剂开发仍面临诸多挑战,例如：对于单一 VOC氧化过程和多元 VOCs催化氧化的机理和动力学需要进一步研究;对于氨合成需要寻求具有高电导率的载体,从而将电子快速转移到 Ru颗粒表面,使得氨合成在更低温度下进行;为了避免副产物生成,需确保新型 Ru基催化剂上PROX和甲烷部分氧化在低温低压条件下进行; Ru基催化剂理化性质对活性的影响以及失活等问题需要进一步研究.     

钴/碳纤维电化学催化氧化甲苯性能研究

以纤维状活性碳吸附Co2+作为电极,在水溶液体系中,高效吸附-电化学催化氧化两步联动法矿化处理气态甲苯。实验结果显示,甲苯通过电化学反应器后能够被有效的降解。在电流密度为0.05 A·cm-2,电解电压为12 V,鼓气速率为80 L·h-1的条件下,甲苯的去除率达90%以上。甲苯降解后的主要产物为苯甲酸。     

Experimental and theoretical studies of carbon monoxide oxidation over W/Cu/Ce trimetallic oxides: the effect of W addition

It is a significant method to prepare highly dispersed polymetallic oxides using in-situ doping metal organic frameworks as precursors. Herein, a series of straw-like W/Cu/Ce trimetallic oxides were prepared by using phosphotungstic ionic liquid@Ce-based metal organic framework adsorbing with copper acetylacetonate as precursors. The effect of W content on catalytic activity of W/Cu/Ce trimetallic oxides for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation was well-investigated. Comprehensive characterization methods and density functional theory calculations were adopted to reveal the property changes of Cu/CeO₂ catalyst by the addition of W. The results demonstrated that W, Cu, and Ce are highly dispersed in the prepared W/Cu/Ce trimetallic oxides, and adding proper amount of W can improve the activity of the catalyst. H₂ temperature-program reduction profiles, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations clearly revealed that after the addition of W, the strength of Ce-O bond is weakened, the oxygen vacancy is increased, and the adsorption of CO is enhanced, respectively, which are vital reasons for its high catalytic activity. In addition, the CO oxidation reaction pathway over prepared W/Cu/Ce trimetallic oxides based on the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism was studied, and the results exhibited that CO can wrest the lattice oxygen of W/Cu/Ce trimetallic oxides to form CO₂, which is also proved to be the rate-determining step in reaction process.     

CO oxidation over a Pt-Rh system. 1. Reaction on individual metals

The reaction of CO oxidation over thin films of rhodium and platinum prepared by vacuum evaporation of the metals on an inert support has been investigated at low pressures (P < 2×10^-5 mbar). Rhodium has been found to be more active than platinum in this reaction. The reasons of the higher activity of Rh are discussed.     

Using ordinary differential equations system to solve isoconversional problems in non-isothermal kinetic analysis

The mathematical evaluation of the activation energy, E, of non-isothermal degradation reactions is usually made using the Ozawa/Flynn–Wall isoconversion principle and involves the numerical resolution of a set of integrals without closed form solution, which are solved by polynomial approximation or by numeric integration. In the present work, the isoconversion principle, originally described and maintained until now as an algebraic problem, was written as a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The individual ODEs obtained are integrated by numeric methods and are used to estimate the activation energy of simulated examples. A least square error (LSE) objective function using the introduced ODEs was written to deal with multiple heating rate CaCO₃ thermal decomposition TG experiments.     

Pt/Rh and Pd/Rh catalysts used for ozone decomposition and simultaneous elimination of ozone and carbon monoxide

Summary Catalytic oxidation of CO in the gas phase with ozone was carried out at lower temperature. The catalytic activities of Pt/Rh and Pd/Rh monolith honeycomb catalysts for the catalytic thermal oxidation and catalytic ozone oxidation were compared.     

Effect of preparation of Ag/Co composite oxide on characteristic and activity for carbon monoxide oxidation

We report our results on the development of 1:1 in molar Ag/Co composite oxide prepared by co-precipitation, and the effect of different rates of precipitation and heat treatment on the surface area, pore size and also catalytic activity for CO oxidation. It was observed that slow precipitation of the catalysts gave small pore sizes, high surface area and high activity for CO oxidation at low calcination temperatures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

CO oxidation over the Pt-Rh system. 2. Reaction on an alloy

The oxidation of CO over thin films of a Pt-Rh alloy prepared by sequential vacuum evaporation of the metals on an inert support has been investigated at low pressures (P < 2'10^-5 mbar). The results are compared with the data on the individual surfaces of Pt and Rh. It is found that the activity of the alloy is intermediate between the activities of the individual metals. The effect of alloy formation on the catalytic activity in CO oxidation is discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

纳米银催化剂上CO氧化反应研究进展

纳米Ag催化剂由于具有独特的物理和化学性质,在很多反应中受到了越来越多的关注,尤其对低温催化一氧化碳氧化反应.近年来,银催化剂表现出较高的催化活性、稳定性以及良好的应用前景,能够在常温下将CO氧化为CO2.本文结合本课题组的研究进展,从制备方法、载体、预处理、第二组分、其它气氛和催化反应机理等方面对Ag基催化剂上CO氧化反应进行了系统的讨论和总结.     

Size-controllable carbon spheres doped Ni (II) for enhancing the catalytic oxidation of methanol

Ni(II)/CSs were prepared using a simple two-step hydrothermal method. The morphology and composition of the catalysts were studied with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the surface of the prepared carbon spheres was rich in hydroxyl groups, which was beneficial to remove CO intermediates, and therefore, improving the catalytic efficiency and the antipoisoning ability of the catalysts. The results of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry showed that the electrocatalytic activity and stability of Ni(II)/CSs were higher than that of unloaded NiAc under alkaline environment. When the nickel content was 5 wt.%, the peak oxidation current density of methanol on Ni(II)/CSs electrocatalyst reached the maximum of 34.54 mA/cm², which was about 1.8 times that of unloaded NiAc. These results indicate that Ni(II)/CSs has potential applications in the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.