阿舒假囊酵母合成的精油及其抗真菌活性与机理

利用发酵法对阿舒假囊酵母进行发酵, 用萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法从发酵液中提取精油; 通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法确定其成分; 分别利用抑菌圈和二倍稀释法实验法测定了精油的抗真菌能力、 最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度; 利用荧光标记法、 精油处理酵母后细胞内容物检测法及透射电子显微镜研究了精油的抗菌机理. 结果表明, 阿舒假囊酵母发酵法得到的精油产率为0.54 g/L. 用GC-MS法鉴定了22种化学成分, 占精油总量的98.82%. 精油主要由单萜、 倍半萜、 芳香醇和倍半萜烃类物质组成. 精油对白色念珠菌、 光滑念珠菌、 热带念珠菌、 季也蒙念珠菌、 新型隐球菌和酿酒酵母具有良好的抗菌活性, 其最小抑菌浓度分别为31.25, 31.25, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625和15.625 μg/mL; 最小杀菌浓度分别为62.5, 62.5, 125.0, 62.5, 31.25和31.25 μg/mL. 结果表明, 精油的抗菌机理可能是破坏真菌的细胞壁、 细胞膜, 使胞内物质外泄, 最终导致真菌死亡. 该研究结果为发酵法合成精油及其应用提供了新思路.     

超临界萃取川芎精油的GC-MS分析

不同压力和温度条件下超临界萃取所得川芎精油的收率不同,通过气相色谱-质谱联用对精油的挥发性成分进行分析,结果表明不同条件下超临界萃取所得川芎精油的主要挥发性成分相似,但其质量分数有一些差别.     

超临界CO2流体萃取辛夷精油的组分分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取辛夷精油,萃取率为3．8％,比水蒸气蒸馏的萃取率高58％。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MC)法对辛夷精油进行组分的定性和定量分析,并与水蒸气蒸馏法所得辛夷精油的组分相比较,发现超临界CO2流体萃取所得辛夷精油的香气、品质、产率优于水蒸气蒸馏法所得辛夷精油。     

超声强化超临界CO2萃取樟树叶精油的研究

采用超声波强化超临界CO2萃取樟树叶精油,并采用正交实验对萃取工艺进行了优化.研究结果表明:当萃取压力为16MPa、温度为50℃、时间为80min、CO2流量为16kg/h、超声波功率为240W、超声波频率为20KHz时,能获得比较好的效果,精油的平均提取率可达1.92％.GC-MS的分析结果表明:樟树叶精油中樟脑+β...     

超临界CO_2萃取姜油的组成研究

用超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取法从冷冻干燥的姜中萃取出姜油。通过薄层色谱、柱色谱、气相色谱以及色谱。质谱联用等手段进行组成剖析,并与水汽蒸馏法获得的姜油进行一些比较。结果表明超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取法不仅能获得姜中的挥发油组分,而且能同时获得各种姜辣素成分。此法萃取的姜油目前已鉴定出的组分有９７个,占色谱峰总面积的９３％左右。     

超临界萃取装置的研制及其应用

超临界流体萃取是近的上来兴起的一种新的分离技术，报道了将超临界萃取原理与回流技术相结合研制的二氧化碳回流中低压超临界流体萃取设备，解决了关键实验手段，通过应用证明设备可靠，费用低廉，有实用价值。     

白术挥发性成分的超临界流体萃取及其分析

采用超临界流体萃取白术挥发油成分,对萃取条件进行优化,并用气相色谱、气相色谱－质谱分析鉴定出超临界流体萃了的挥发油中22个化合物。最佳的超临界流体萃取条件为压力22.0MPa,温度60℃,0.5mL乙醇作改性,先静态萃取10min(CO2用量2.0mL),再动态萃取40min(CO2流速为0.3mL/min)。将超临界流体萃取与水蒸气蒸馏进行对比,水蒸气蒸馏5h的油收率仅为超临界流体萃取1h油收率的10.32%,证明超临界流体萃取替代传统萃取的必要性。     

海洋珊瑚中抗肿瘤活性物质及其提取、分离方法

珊瑚主要生长在热带、亚热带海洋中，资源非常丰富且具有显著的生物多样性。研究表明，海洋珊瑚中含有许多结构多样、生理活性独特的次生代谢产物。本文概要地介绍了从珊瑚中发现的具有抗肿瘤活性的各种萜类和甾类化合物的来源、结构、抗肿瘤活性和提取、分离方法，同时展望了海洋药物的研究与开发前景。     

自制超临界流体萃取仪操作条件的优化及其应用

超临界流体萃取是近年来发展起来的一种新的分离技术。本文使用自己研制的超临界流体萃取仪对吸附有痕量正构烷烃的Ａｌ２Ｏ３进行萃取，对各种操作条件进行优化。并对卢柑皮及生姜样品进行初步的萃取分析。结果证明该仪器设计合理，具有操作简便、高效、自动化程度高的优点，为复杂样品中痕量组分的萃取分析奠定了基础。     

超临界CO2萃取薰衣草的挥发性组分

1.1样品来源及制备薰衣草：购于新疆远馨香料开发公司。超临界CO2萃取：薰衣草经农用粉碎机粉碎后,用自制的0．5L超临界装置进行萃取(萃取压力：10MPa,萃取温度：321K,萃取时间：120min),得到橙色透明油状物,得率约为2．0％～2．5％,水汽蒸馏：薰衣草粉碎后,经共水蒸馏同时用油水分离器分离精油,3h后收集精油并用无水硫酸钠干燥,得淡黄色油状物,得率约为0．8％～1．0％。     

Chemical composition,antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the essential oil from the rhizomes of Zingiber striolatum Diels

Abstract

The chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil (EO) from the rhizomes of Zingiber striolatum Diels were reported for the first time. Forty-five compounds were identified, and represented 95.7% of the total composition of the EO. The predominant components of the EO were β-phellandrene (24.0%), sabinene (17.3%), β-pinene (11.4%), geranyl linalool (8.6%), terpinen-4-ol (8.3%), α-pinene (5.6%) and crypton (4.5%). The EO revealed a weak DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity. The EO exhibited significant antimicrobial activity with the inhibition zones (12.86–24.62?mm) and MIC (0.78–3.12?mg/mL) against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. The EO showed significant cytotoxicity against human leukemic (K562), lung cancer (A549) and prostatic carcinoma (PC-3) cell lines with the IC₅₀ values of 29.67, 48.87 and 86.05?μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the EO could be regarded as a bioactive natural product with potential for utilization in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Sagittaria trifolia

The essential oil of Sagittaria trifolia, a well-known famous medicinal foodstuff in China, was analyzed for the first time using GC-MS. Twenty-eight constituents were identified. The major components of the oil were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (62.3%), tetramethylhexadecenone (5.8%), myristaldehyde (4.7%), n-pentadecane (2.9%), and 2-hexyldecanol (2.9%).The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against seven microorganisms, including two clinically isolated strains and five reference strains, using microbiological cylinder plate assay and broth microdilution methods. The results showed that the oil had a significant antimicrobial effect on four of them. This antimicrobial activity can partly explain why the oil is used medicinally during childbirth and for skin diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 419–420, September–October, 2006.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Tanacetum walteri (Anthemideae-Asteraceae) from Iran

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Tanacetum walteri were studied. Aerial flowering parts of plant were collected from North Khorasan Province of Iran and the essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was determined by disc diffusion and MIC and MBC determination. Thirty-five compounds were identified in the oil of T. walteri accounting for 94.4% of the total oil. Thymol (22.5%), 1,8-cineole (8.2%), umbellulone (6.9%), α-bisabolol (6.3%) and camphor (5.3%) were as the principal constituents. The highest antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC value of 0.63 mg/mL. The inhibitory effect of the essential oil of T. walteri could be attributed mainly to the high levels of phenolic compound thymol and oxygenated terpenes in essential oil.     

Chemical composition and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from leaves of Eugenia platysema

This study describes the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition and evaluates the antibacterial activity of essential oil from Eugenia platysema leaves. Analysis by GC–FID and GC–MS allowed the identification of 22 compounds. Different from the other species of the Eugenia genus, the major compound found in the essential oil was the diterpene phytol (66.05%), being this the first report of the presence of this compound in the essential oils from Eugenia genus. The sesquiterpene elixene was the second most concentrated compound in the studied essential oil (9.16%). The essential oil from E. platysema was tested for its antibacterial activity against cell-walled bacteria and mollicute strains of clinical interest using the microdilution broth assay. The results showed that the essential oil of E. platysema was inactive until 1000 μg mL^?1 against tested bacteria.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Lavandula coronopifolia essential oil against antibiotic-resistant bacteria

The aim of this study was to analyse the composition of the essential oil (EO) of Lavandula coronopifolia from Morocco and to evaluate its in vitro antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from clinical infections. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by a broth micro-well dilution method using multiresistant clinical isolates of 11 pathogenic bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Providencia rettgeri, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The main compounds of the oil were carvacrol (48.9%), E-caryophyllene (10.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.7%). The oil showed activity against all tested strains with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging between 1% and 4%. For most of the strains, the MIC value was equivalent to the minimal bactericidal concentration value, indicating a clear bactericidal effect of L. coronopifolia EO.     

A study on the seasonal variation of the essential oil composition from Plectranthus hadiensis and its antibacterial activity

The chemical composition and seasonal variation of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Plectranthus hadiensis grown during the rainy and summer seasons in the Western Ghats of India was analysed by GC–MS technique. The analysis of rainy season oil led to the identification of 31 compounds, representing 96.4% of the essential oil and the winter season oil led to 25 compounds, representing 95.1% of the oil. Most of the compounds were sesquiterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes. The major components of the rainy season oil were L-fenchone (30.42%), β-farnesene (11.87%), copaene(11.10%), 2,3-dimethyl hydroquinone (10.78%), α-caryophyllene(8.41%) and piperitone oxide (3.94%) and of the summer season oil are L-fenchone (31.55%), copaene(11.93%), β-farnesene (10.45%), 1,8-naphthalenedione, 8a-ethylperhydro (10.06%), α-caryophyllene(6.36%), piperitone oxide (5.79%) and limonene(4.63%). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of P. hadiensis was tested using zone of inhibition and minimum inhibition concentration methods. Both the oils inhibited the organisms and showed the zone of inhibition in the range of 20–35 mm with MIC values between 32 and 64 mg/dL.     

Phenolic profile,antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of Anethum graveolens L. essential oil

This study reports the chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Anethum graveolens essential oil and its main compounds. The essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analysed by using GC/MS. α-Phellandrene (19.12%), limonene (26.34%), dill ether (15.23%), sabinene (11.34%), α-pinene (2%), n-tetracosane (1.54%), neophytadiene (1.43%), n-docosane (1.04), n-tricosane (1%), n-nonadecane (1%), n-eicosane (0.78%), n-heneicosane (0.67%), β-myrcene (0.23%) and α-tujene (0.21%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. A. graveolens oil exhibit a higher activity in each antioxidant system with a special attention for β-carotene bleaching test (IC₅₀: 15.3 μg/mL) and reducing power (EC₅₀: 11.24 μg/mL). The TLC-bioautography screening and fractionation resulted in the separation of the main antioxidant compounds, which were identified as limonene (45%) and sabinene (32%). The essential oil and its main compounds exhibited a potent NO-scavenging effect and inhibited the expression of inducible NO synthase.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essential oil of Iranian Teucrium polium against some of phytobacteria

The antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanolic extract of Teucrium polium was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pantoea agglomerans, Brenneria nigrifluens, Rhizobium radiobacter, Rhizobium vitis, Streptomyces scabies, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris and Pectobacterium cartovorum by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using the serial dilution method. Chemical composition of essential oil and methanolic extract was determined by GC-MS and HPLC. α-Pinene (25.769%) and myrcene (12.507) were of the highest percentage in T. polium essential oil, and sinapic acid (15.553 mg/g) and eugenol (6.805 mg/g) were the major compounds in the methanolic extract. Our results indicate that both methanolic extract and essential oil did not show antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. Also the essential oil did not show antibacterial activity against P. cartovorum. In general, both methanolic extract and essential oil showed the same antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum, P. agglomerans, B. nigrifluens and S. scabies.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Nepeta graciliflora Benth. (Lamiaceae)

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Nepeta graciliflora was analysed, for the first time, by GC–FID and GC–MS. A total of 27 compounds were identified, constituting over 91.44% of oil composition. The oil was strongly characterised by sesquiterpenes (86.72%), with β-sesquiphellandrene (28.75%), caryophyllene oxide (12.15%), α-bisabolol (8.97%), α-bergamotene (8.51%), β-bisabolene (6.33%) and β-Caryophyllene (5.34%) as the main constituents. The in vitro activity of the essential oil was determined against four micro-organisms in comparison with chloramphenicol by the agar well diffusion and broth dilution method. The oil exhibited good activity against all tested organisms.