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改性聚丙烯酸高级酯的合成及其降凝效果的考察 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
用酯化和热聚合同时进行的方法合成了聚丙烯酸高级醇酯(PAE),并对其进行改性,得到改性聚丙烯酸高级酯(MPAE),在实验室评价了MPAE对几种0#柴油的低温流动性能的改进效果。结果表明,该工艺路线产品的收率几乎达到100%,成本低。并且,改性后的聚丙烯酸高级酯在较宽的分子量范围内具有较好的降凝效果;相比之下,改性之前聚丙烯酯高级酯只在很窄的分子量范围内具有降凝效果。与其它柴油降凝剂相比,MPAE对柴油具有良好的感受性,一般能降低柴油冷滤点3℃-6℃,凝固点降幅在10℃-12℃左右,具备了工业化价值。 相似文献
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以富马酸和十六醇为原料、对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、对苯二酚为阻聚剂、甲苯为溶剂,采用直接酯化法制备了富马酸十六醇酯单体(DHF);以富马酸十六醇酯和苯乙烯为聚合单体、过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,通过自由基聚合制备了富马酸十六醇酯-苯乙烯二元共聚物(FOS)。用IR、1H-NMR对DHF单体及FOS共聚物进行了表征,分析了张家港0# 柴油和胜利海科5# 柴油的正构烷烃分布,考察了共聚物的降滤效果,讨论了降滤作用机理。结果表明,当添加剂量为0.1%时,FOS能使张家港0# 柴油冷滤点降低6℃,胜利海科柴油5# 柴油冷滤点降低3℃;FOS对不同柴油表现出了不同的感受性;与2种商业降凝剂复配后,表现出良好的协同效应,作为商业降凝剂的优良助剂,FOS具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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大豆油生物柴油低温流动性能影响的研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
以大豆油为原料采用碱催化酯交换法合成生物柴油,测定了其酸值、游离甘油、总甘油、灰分、黏度和磷含量等指标。实验表明,共存的甲醇、水分和甘油酯对生物柴油的低温流动性能影响极少,饱和脂肪酸甲酯的同时析出对生物柴油低温流动性能起关键作用。考察了5种柴油降凝剂、0号和20号柴油以及乙醇对生物柴油低温流动性能的影响。0号柴油有效地改善生物柴油黏度,但对其低温流动性能影响不大。20号柴油和乙醇能显著降低生物柴油的凝点、倾点、冷滤点和黏度。其中3种降凝剂有效降低生物柴油的凝点和倾点,1种降凝剂能小幅度改善冷滤点,5种降凝剂都能使生物柴油的黏度小幅上升。 相似文献
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用X射线衍射图研究柴油低温流动改进剂的作用 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
通常,柴油中含有15%~30%的正构烷烃。在低温下,柴油中大分子量的蜡以晶体形式析出,可堵塞导管和滤清器,导致了柴油机供油的困难[1]。柴油在低温下的流动性能不仅关系到柴油机燃料供油系统在低温下能否正常供油,而且与柴油在低温下的储存和运输等作业能否进行有密切的关系。加入低温流动改进剂改善柴油的低温流动性能,以其成本低,操作简便而成为解决柴油低温流动性能的首选方法,并在工业上得到广泛应用[2]。柴油在低温下蜡的析出直至影响其流动性能的过程是一个蜡结晶的过程,由于蜡的组成复杂,其结晶过程也很复杂[3]。用X射线衍射法分… 相似文献
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柠檬酸-1,4-丁二醇-环烷酸-十八醇爪形大分子的合成、表征与降滤性质研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以1,4-丁二醇、柠檬酸为原料,设计并首次合成了以1,4-丁二醇为核心的多羟基多酸爪状物小分子(CTC),再依次与带有功能化基团的环烷酸、十八醇接枝,合成了新型的多元酯类爪形大分子(CTC-NO).用核磁、红外光谱对合成的2种化合物进行了结构表征,表明合成产物与所设计的分子结构吻合.用元素分析确定了CTC的组成是C16H22O14.制备的CTC-NO爪形大分子不溶于水,溶于有机溶剂.将CTC-NO按600μg/g的加剂量添加于轻柴油中,其对蜡化0#柴油的冷滤点降低达6℃. 相似文献
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Poly-Acrylic Acid Derivatives as Diesel Flow Improver for Paraffin-Based Daqing Diesel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Cuiyu Jiang Ming Xu Xiaoli Xi Panlun Qi Hongyan Shang 《天然气化学杂志》2006,15(3):217-222
Since the diesel products from paraffin-based Daqing crude oil showed low sensitivity to certain commercial diesel pour point depressant (PPDs) that resulted from the high content of paraffin, certain poly-acrylic acid derivatives (PADE) with -COOR, -COOH, -CONHR, and -COO-NH3 R groups by molecular design on the mechanics of diesel; PPDs were synthesized and evaluated as cold flow improver for Daqing 0# diesel in this paper. The pure PADE was superior to the commercial PPDs and displayed a substantial ability of wax crystals dispersion. There was a synergistic effect among the PADE and T1804 and secondary amine. The synergism clearly improved the low temperature performance of Daqing diesel products and could reduce the cold filter plugging point of 0# diesel by 6-7℃. 相似文献
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不同酯基结构的棕榈油生物柴油的性能研究 《燃料化学学报》2016,44(11):1356-1362
以棕榈油为研究对象,分别与甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和异丁醇进行酯交换反应制备了不同酯基结构的生物柴油。利用差示扫描量热仪和应力控制流变仪分析了不同酯基结构棕榈油生物柴油的结晶行为和低温流变性能,同时分析了酯基结构对生物柴油的氧化稳定性,40℃时的动力黏度、20℃时的密度等重要性质的影响。结果表明,随着醇的碳链长度的增加,棕榈油生物柴油的析蜡点和胶凝点均降低,特别是棕榈油异丁酯的析蜡点和胶凝点分别降低到了-2.57和-8.09℃,低温流动性得到了明显改善,且氧化诱导期略有延长,氧化稳定性有所改善。生物柴油的密度和黏度随着酯基结构的不同而有所变化,但其数值都符合中国生物柴油标准。 相似文献
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In this paper, Co-60γ ray was used to irradiate the ointment cold cream at room temperature (25°C). We also used FTIR, GC and thin film chromatogram to analyse various irradiated samples. It was found that the ointment cold cream can be irradiated at dose of 5–35 kGy and at dose rate from 0.2 to 0.6 kGy/h at room temperature (25°C) without evident decomposition. At dose of 5–15 kGy, the number of bacteria can be reduced to hygienic standard value. The radiation sterilization is a safe method for killing the bacteria in the ointment cold cream. 相似文献
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Karger-Kocsis J. Shang P. P. Moskala E. J. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1999,55(1):21-28
The tensile loading-induced necking in notched specimens of an amorphous copolyester (aCOP) was studied by modulated differential
scanning calorimetry (MDSC). It was shown that necking occurred by cold drawing since the enthalpy of cold crystallization
and that of the subsequent melting agreed fairly with each other. Increasing deformation in the necking zone and increasing
deformation rate of the specimens shifted the onset of cold crystallization toward lower temperatures and yielded a slightly
higher glass transition temperature (Tg). This was attributed to the molecular orientation caused by mechanical loading. The finding that the melting contained a
non-reversing part was considered as appearance of possible microcrystallinity. The Tg range was strongly influenced by the deformation rate and reflects the thermomechanical history of the samples accordingly.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Marek Gogacz Jerzy Peszke Dorota Natorska-Chomicka Anna Makuch-Kocka Katarzyna Dos Santos Szewczyk 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(23)
Plant extracts are increasingly tested for their biological activity and interactions with neoplastic cells. One of such sources of biologically active substances is propolis. This product has been known for thousands of years and is widely used in alternative, folk medicine. Articles describing its effects on the metabolism and cell signaling pathways of neoplastic cells derived from different organs are also published more and more frequently. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the biological activity of propolis extract produced with the cold separation method into hormone-dependent and hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines. In our study, the propolis extracts showed at least an inhibitory effect on the growth of PC-3 and DU-145 neoplastic cells. Our results suggest that propolis extracts obtained with the cold separation method may be considered as promising compounds for the production of health-promoting supplements. 相似文献
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Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Associated to Polyene Antifungals on Candida albicans Biofilms
Lady Daiane Pereira Leite Maria Alcionia Carvalho de Oliveira Mariana Raquel da Cruz Vegian Aline da Graa Sampaio Thalita Mayumi Castaldelli Nishime Konstantin Georgiev Kostov Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(19)
The increasing incidence of antifungal resistance represents a great challenge in the medical area and, for this reason, new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of fungal infections are urgently required. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a promising alternative technique for the treatment of superficial candidiasis, with inhibitory effect both in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known on the association of CAP with conventional antifungals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the association between CAP and conventional polyene antifungals on Candida albicans biofilms. C. albicans SC 5314 and a clinical isolate were used to grow 24 or 48 h biofilms, under standardized conditions. After that, the biofilms were exposed to nystatin, amphotericin B and CAP, separately or in combination. Different concentrations of the antifungals and sequences of treatment were evaluated to establish the most effective protocol. Biofilms viability after the treatments was compared to negative control. Data were compared by One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey (5%). The results demonstrate that 5 min exposure to CAP showed more effective antifungal effect on biofilms when compared to nystatin and amphotericin B. Additionally, it was detected that CAP showed similar (but smaller in magnitude) effects when applied in association with nystatin and amphotericin B at 40 µg/mL and 60 µg/mL. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of CAP alone was more effective against C. albicans biofilms than in combination with conventional polyene antifungal agents. 相似文献
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冷原子荧光法测定甲壳素中的痕量汞 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
翁棣 《广东微量元素科学》2003,10(8):66-68
研究了冷原子荧光法测定甲壳素中痕量汞的工作条件。样品风干后在2mol/L HNO3-4mol/L HCl体系中以V2O5为催化剂消解1h,上清液中的汞被SnCl2还原后于253.7nm用冷原子荧光法测定。在以10%SnCl2为还原剂时,线性范围0~2.0ng/mL,r=0.9997,检出限为0.05ng/mL,相对标准偏差2.5%,平均回收率在86.3%~110.0%,该法简便、快速、准确。 相似文献
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Karger-Kocsis J. Moskala E. J. Shang P. P. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2001,63(3):671-678
The toughness of amorphous copolyester sheets was assessed by the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept. While the yielding-related
work of fracture terms did not change significantly, the necking-related parameters strongly decreased with decreasing entanglement
density of the copolyesters having different amounts of cyclohexylenedimethylene (CHDM) units in their backbones. Furthermore, copolyesters with high CHDM content and thus less entanglement density showed full recovery of the necked region beyond the glass transition temperature,
i.e. the ‘plastic’ zone in the related specimens formed by cold drawing and not by true plastic deformation. By contrast,
the copolyester with negligible amount of CHDM did not show this shape recovery. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) revealed that the necking in the latter
system was accompanied by strain-induced crystallization. The superior work hardening in the necking stage of the respective
poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) specimens can thus be ascribed to stretching of the entanglement network with superimposed crystallization.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献