原位制备具有增强光催化活性的S型Bi2Se3/g-C3N4光催化剂

光催化氧化是一种应用前景良好的环境治理技术.与絮凝、物理吸附和化学氧化等常见的方法相比,光催化氧化具有环境友好、氧化完全、方便和廉价等优势.特别是可见光光催化氧化,可利用太阳能中占比最高的可见光,在应用中更具优势.因而,探索可见光响应性能优异的光催化剂一直是光催化氧化领域的一个重要研究内容.硒化铋(Bi₂Se₃)是一种带隙(带隙宽度在0.3~1.3 e V)非常窄的半导体,能吸收全部波长范围的可见光和近红外光.此外,Bi₂Se₃还具有独特的金属表面态,其表面具有良好的导电性.这些特性使其在可见光光催化氧化领域具有很大的应用潜力.然而,由于Bi₂Se₃价带位置高,氧化能力很弱,其价带上的空穴在光催化反应中难以被消耗,导致空穴大量累积,并迅速与光生电子复合,大幅降低了Bi₂Se₃的光催化性能.因此,一直以来,Bi₂Se₃很少被用于光催化反应.如何充分利用Bi₂Se₃的光响应优势,制备出性能优异的光催化剂,仍是具有挑战性和吸引力的研究方向.本文采用预先制备的Bi2O3/g-C₃N₄复合物作为前驱体,通过原位转化的方法,将前驱体置于热的Se蒸汽中,使前驱体上的Bi2O3与Se蒸汽反应,完全转化为Bi₂Se₃纳米颗粒,从而制得Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂(Bi₂Se₃含量约为4 wt%).透射电镜结果表明,所形成的Bi₂Se₃纳米颗粒较均匀地分布在g-C₃N₄表面.表面功函数分析发现,Bi₂Se₃与g-C₃N₄结合后,它们的费米能级分别由原来的-0.55和-0.18 e V变为平衡时的-0.22 e V,可形成指向g-C₃N₄的内建电场,有利于形成梯型(S型)异质结.在此基础上,能级位移、荧光分析、结构计算和反应自由基测试等结果表明,Bi₂Se₃和g-C₃N₄之间形成了S型异质结.在可见光光催化降解苯酚的实验中,所制备的Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄复合物的光催化活性明显优于单一的Bi₂Se₃和g-C₃N₄.结合比表面、孔结构、光吸收和荧光等对比分析,认为Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄的这种S型异质结构在其光催化活性增强中起到了关键作用.在光照条件下,其g-C₃N₄导带中光生电子向Bi₂Se₃的价带迁移,并与光生空穴复合,从而使Bi₂Se₃导带上可保留更多的高活性光生电子参与光催化反应,由此Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄的光催化活性增强.循环性能测试和光还原实验结果表明,所制备的Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂具有良好的稳定性.本文工作为高可见光吸收的光催化剂制备和性能增强提供了新途径和新视野.     

Synthesis of Ph3Bi(O2CR)2 Compounds with Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Use of Triphenylbismuth Dicrotonate in the Synthesis of Bismuth-Containing Polymers

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Triphenylvismuth dicarboxylates Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHMe)2, Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHPh)2, Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHC6H4NO2-m)2, Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHC4H3O)2, Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHC6H4OMe-p)2,...     

Synthesis, composition, and structure of sillenite-type solid solutions in the Bi2O3-SiO2-MnO2 system

Individual compounds and solid solutions are obtained under hydrothermal conditions in the Bi(2)O(3)-SiO(2)-MnO(2) system in the form of faceted crystals and epitaxial films on the Bi(24)Si(2)O(40) substrate. The crystals have the shape of a cube (for the molar ratio of the starting components Na(2)SiO(3)·9H(2)O:Mn(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O > 1), a tetrahedron (for Na(2)SiO(3)·9H(2)O:Mn(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O < 1), or a tetrahedron-cube combination (for Na(2)SiO(3)·9H(2)O:Mn(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O = 1). Crystal-chemical analysis based on the data of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, and the results of calculation of the local balance by the bond-valence method reveals formation of the Bi(24)(Si(4+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) phases, which probably include Mn(5+) ions (epitaxial films), as well as the Bi(24)(Si(4+),Bi(3+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) and Bi(24)(Si(4+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) phases in the (1 - x)Bi(3+)(24)Si(4+)(2)O(40) - x(Bi(3+)(24)Mn(4+)(2)O(40)) system and the Bi(24)(Bi(3+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) phase in the (1 - x)Bi(3+)(24)Bi(3+)(2)(O(39)?(1)) - x(Bi(3+)(24)Mn(4+)(2)O(40)) system. Precision X-ray diffraction studies of single crystals of the Bi(24)(Bi,Si,Mn)(2)O(40) general composition show that these sillenites crystallize in space group P23 and not I23 as the Bi(24)Si(2)O(40) phase. The dissymmetrization of sillenite phases is observed for the first time. It is explained by a kinetic (growth) phase transition of the order-disorder type due to population of a crystallographic site by atoms with different crystal-chemical properties and quasi-equilibrium conditions of crystal growth in the course of a hydrothermal synthesis below 400 °C at unequal molar amounts of the starting components in the batch.     

Chemical bonding topology of ternary transition metal-centered bismuth cluster halides: from molecules to metals

The bismuth polyhedra in ternary transition metal-centered bismuth cluster halides may form discrete molecules or ions, infinite chains, and/or infinite layers. The chemical bonding in many of these diverse structures is related to that in deltahedral boranes exhibiting three-dimensional aromaticity by replacing the multicenter core bond in the boranes with two-center two-electron (2c-2e) bonds from the central transition metal to the nearest neighbor bismuth vertices. Examples of discrete molecules or ions include octahedral MBi(6)(micro-X)(12)(z)()(-) (X = Br, I; M = Rh, Ir, z = 3; M = Ru, z = 4) with exclusively 2c-2e bonds and pentagonal bipyramidal RhBi(7)Br(8) with a 5c-4e bond in the equatorial pentagonal plane indicative of M?bius aromaticity. The compound Ru(3)Bi(24)Br(20) contains a more complicated discrete bismuth cluster ion Ru(2)Bi(17)(micro-Br)(4)(5+), which can be dissected into a RuBi(5) closo octahedron and a RuBi(8) nido capped square antiprism bridged by a Ru(2)Bi(4)(micro-Br)(4) structural unit. In RuBi(4)X(2) (X = Br, I), the same Ru(2)Bi(4)(micro-Br)(4) structural unit bridges Bi(4) squares similar to those found in the known Zintl ion Bi(4)(2)(-) to give infinite chains of Ru(2)Bi(4) octahedra. The electron counts of the RuBi(5), RuBi(8), and Ru(2)Bi(4) polyhedra in these structures follow the Wade-Mingos rules. A different infinite chain structure is constructed from fused RhBi(7/2)Bi bicapped trigonal prisms in Rh(2)Bi(9)Br(3). This Rh(2)Bi(9)Br(3) structure can alternatively be derived from alternating Rh(2/2)Bi(4) octahedra and Rh(2/)(2)Bi(5) pentagonal bipyramids with electron counts obeying the Wade-Mingos rules. Related chemical bonding principles appear to apply to more complicated layer structures such as Pt(3)Bi(13)I(7) containing Kagomé nets of PtBi(8/2) cubes and Ni(4)Bi(12)X(3) containing linked chains of NiBi(6/3)Bi capped trigonal prisms.     

Ru(2) Bi(14) Br(4) ](AlCl(4) )(4) by Mobilization and Reorganization of Complex Clusters in Ionic Liquids

Two polymorphs of the new cluster compound [Ru(2) Bi(14) Br(4) ](AlCl(4) )(4) have been synthesized from Bi(24) Ru(3) Br(20) in the Lewis acidic ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl/AlCl(3) ([BMIM](+) : 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) at 140?°C. A large fragment of the precursor's structure, namely the [(Bi(8) )Ru(Bi(4) Br(4) )Ru(Bi(5) )](5+) cluster, dissolved as a whole and transformed into a closely related symmetrical [(Bi(5) )Ru(Bi(4) Br(4) )Ru(Bi(5) )](4+) cluster through structural conversion of a coordinating Bi(8) (2+) to a Bi(5) (+) polycation, while the remainder was left intact. Both modifications have monoclinic unit cells that comprise two formula units (α form: P2(1) /n, a=982.8(2), b=1793.2(4), c=1472.0(3)?pm, β=109.05(3)°; β form: P2(1) /n, a=1163.8(2), b=1442.7(3), c=1500.7(3), β=97.73(3)°). The [Ru(2) Bi(14) Br(4) ](4+) cluster can be regarded as a binuclear inorganic complex of two ruthenium(I) cations that are coordinated by terminal Bi(5) (+) square pyramids and a central Bi(4) Br(4) ring. The presence of a covalent Ru?Ru bond was established by molecular quantum chemical calculations utilizing real-space bonding indicator ELI-D. Structural similarity of the new and parent cluster suggests a structural reorganization or an exchange of the bismuth polycations as mechanisms of cluster formation. In this top-down approach a complex-structured unit formed at high temperature was made available for low-temperature use.     

Oligomerization and oxide formation in bismuth aryl alkoxides: synthesis and characterization of Bi4(mu 4-O)(mu-OC6F5)6(mu 3-OBi(mu-OC6F5)3)2(C6H5CH3), Bi8(mu 4-O)2(mu 3-O)2(mu-OC6F5)16, Bi6(mu 3-O)4(mu 3-OC6F5)(mu 3-OBi(OC6F5)4)3, NaBi4(mu 3-O)2(OC6F5)9(THF)2, and Na2Bi4(mu 3-O)2(OC6F5)10(THF)2

Exposing [Bi(OR)3(toluene)]2 (1, R = OC6F5) to different solvents leads to the formation of larger polymetallic bismuth oxo alkoxides via ether elimination/oligomerization reactions. Three different compounds were obtained depending upon the conditions: Bi4(mu 4-O)(mu-OR)6(mu 3-OBi(mu-OR)3)2(C6H5CH3) (2), Bi8(mu 4-O)2(mu 3-O)2(mu 2-OR)16 (3), Bi6(mu 3-O)4(mu 3-OR)(mu 3-OBi(OR)4)3 (4). Compounds 2 and 3 can also be synthesized via an alcoholysis reaction between BiPh3 and ROH in refluxing dichloromethane or chloroform. Related oxo complexes NaBi4(mu 3-O)2(OR)9(THF)2 (5) and Na2Bi4(mu 3-O)2(OR)10(THF)2 (6) were obtained from BiCl3 and NaOR in THF. The synthesis of 1 and Bi(OC6Cl5)3 via salt elimination was successful when performed in toluene as solvent. For compounds 2-6 the single-crystal X-ray structures were determined. Variable-temperature NMR spectra are reported for 2, 3, and 5.     

Fluorinated bismuth alkoxides: from monomers to polymers and oxo-clusters

A series of new bismuth fluoroalkoxide compounds have been prepared through the treatment of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol with BiAr3 (where Ar=Ph, p-Tol). Reactions were conducted without the use of any additional solvent and the reaction products distilled or extracted with non-polar or polar Lewis base solvents. Structural analyses reveal that under variable reaction conditions the interaction of BiAr3 with (CF3)2CHOH can give a mixture of bismuth complexes with varying degrees of substitution, cluster formation and aggregation. Compounds [Bi(OCH(CF3)2)3(pyr)2] () (pyr=pyridine), [Bi(OCH(CF3)2)3(thf)3] () (thf=tetrahydrofuran), [Bi2(OCH(CF3)2)3(dabco)3] () (dabco=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), [PhBi(OCH(CF3)2)2]n (), [Bi2O(OCH(CF3)2)4(C7H8)]2 () (C7H8=toluene), [Bi9O7(OCH(CF3)2)13] (), [Bi2O(OCH(CF3)2)4(Et2O)]2 (), [Bi2O(OCH(CF3)2)4(thf)]2 () and [Bi2O(OCH(CF3)2)4(tmeda)2] () (tmeda=N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) have been fully characterised including by single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Z-机制磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物的构建及其可见光催化降解有机污染物(英文)

环境危害不仅对人类健康构成巨大威胁,而且也阻碍了经济社会的快速发展.光催化剂通过利用太阳能来降解污染物为环境问题提供一条理想的途径.光催化剂的制备应该考虑以下几点:(1)对可见光响应;(2)高量子效率和稳定性;(3)安全、廉价、无毒的原材料.早期的一些催化剂如二氧化钛、氧化锌、硫化锌、锗酸锌和磷酸铋等在紫外线照射下表现出优秀的光催化活性.但是紫外光是稀有的,而且对人体健康有害.近年来,对宽带隙半导体的改性如掺杂、贵金属沉积、构建异质结或固溶体催化剂取得了有效进展.遗憾的是,受限于材料的固有属性,有限的改进仍然不能满足实际应用的需求.因此,探索高效稳定的可见光驱动的光催化剂依然是十分有意义的.磷酸银在可见光下表现出超强的光催化降解有机污染物和产氧的能力,但是磷酸银容易受到光腐蚀,光催化活性和稳定性很难维持.另外,磷酸银导带上的电子电势较正,这将导致其很难在光催化过程中被利用.而磷酸银导带上电子的积累会抑制其内部电子空穴对的分离,从而对磷酸银的光催化活性和稳定性造成不利影响.本文选择钨酸铋纳米片与磷酸银复合去抑制电子空穴对的复合和进一步提高磷酸银的活性和稳定性.样品的粉末X射线衍射、能谱和X光电子能谱的分析证实了磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物已经被成功合成.稳态荧光光谱证实了磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物的构建可以作为一种有效抑制电子和空穴对复合的手段.通过对样品进行光催化降解次甲基蓝的实验,我们发现磷酸银/钨酸铋复合材料展现出比磷酸银和钨酸铋更强的光催化活性.其中,磷酸银/钨酸铋光催化降解次甲基蓝的速率为0.61385 min~(-1),这是磷酸银(0.47179 min~(-1))和钨酸铋(0.10270 min~(-1))活性的1.3和6.0倍.同时,磷酸银/钨酸铋表现出耐久的稳定性,在连续五次光降解过程中几乎没有明显的活性损失.进一步通过对磷酸银/钨酸铋复合材料进行光催化活性成分的捕获实验,我们发现空穴、超氧负离子自由基和羟基自由基都发挥了一定的作用.最后,我们讨论了光催化机制,Z-机制光催化机制被认为是合理的.     

Surface phases and photocatalytic activity correlation of Bi2O3/Bi2O4-x nanocomposite

UV-visible irradiation induces surface alteration of Bi2O3 leading to Bi2O3/Bi2O4-x nanocomposites with excellent photocatalytic activity.     

Heteroatomic deltahedral clusters: synthesis and structures of closo-[Bi3Ni(4)(CO)6]3-, closo-[Bi4Ni4(CO)6]2-, the open cluster [Bi3Ni6(CO)9]3-, and the intermetalloid closo-[Nix@[Bi6Ni6(CO)8)]4-

Reactions of ethylenediamine solutions of K4Bi5 with Ni(PPh3)2(CO)2 yielded four novel hetero-atomic Bi/Ni deltahedral clusters. Three of them, the 7-atom pentagonal bipyramidal [Bi3Ni4(CO)6]3-, the 8-atom dodecahedral [Bi4Ni4(CO)6]2-, and the Ni-centered or empty 12-atom icosahedral [Nix@[Bi6Ni6(CO)8]4-, are closo-species according to both electron count and shape. The centered icosahedral cluster resembles packing in intermetallic compounds and belongs to the emerging class of intermetalloid clusters. The shape of the fourth cluster, [Bi3Ni6(CO)9]3-, can be derived from the icosahedral Ni-centered [Ni@[Bi6Ni6(CO)8]4- by removal of three Bi- and one Ni-atoms of two neighboring triangular faces. The clusters were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in compounds with potassium cations sequestered by 2,2,2-crypt or 18-crown-6 ether. They were also characterized in solution by electrospray mass spectrometry.     

光生电荷梯度连续传递链的构筑及对光催化性能的增强作用

选取能带位置匹配的γ-Bi₂O₃, α-Bi₂O₃和Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, 采用等体积浸渍法原位构筑了具有梯度能级的Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂@α/γ-Bi₂O₃三元同素结光催化剂. 光催化降解高浓度罗丹明B(RhB)和四氯苯酚(4-CP)的实验结果表明, 相比于γ-Bi₂O₃和α/γ-Bi₂O₃, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂@α/γ-Bi₂O₃显示出优异的光催化活性, 其中0.5%Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂@α/γ-Bi₂O₃显示了最佳的光催化性能, 光降解RhB(或4-CP)的活性是γ-Bi₂O₃的32倍(或10.4倍)和α/γ-Bi₂O₃的4.4倍(或2.2倍). 光电性质表征结果证实, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂@α/γ-Bi₂O₃三元同素结具有高效的光生电荷分离和迁移效率, 这是Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂@α/γ-Bi₂O₃三元同素结具有较高光催化性能的主要原因之一.     

局部化学法合成K0.5Bi0.5TiO3片状晶粒及其反应机理研究

以含铋层状Bi4Ti3O12(BIT)晶粒作为反应前驱体, 通过熔盐环境下的局部化学反应法制备了片状钛酸铋钾(K0.5Bi0.5TiO3, KBT)陶瓷粉体晶粒. 分析结果表明, 所制备的KBT陶瓷晶粒平均直径约为15～20 μm, 厚度小于2 μm. 分析了由含铋层状型BIT向钙钛矿型KBT片晶转化的形成机制, 并讨论了反应路径对最终产物形貌的影响规律.     

Synthesis and structure of a bismuth(III)/chromium(VI) oxo cluster containing a Bi4Cr4O12 core

Bismuth(III) compounds containing the Kl?ui's oxygen tripodal ligand [CpCo{P(O)(OEt)(2)}(3)](-) (L(OEt)(-)) have been synthesized, and their interactions with dichromate in aqueous media were studied. The treatment of Bi(5)O(OH)(9)(NO(3))(4) with NaL(OEt) in water afforded [L(OEt)Bi(NO(3))(2)](2) (1), whereas that of BiCl(3) with NaL(OEt) in CH(2)Cl(2) yielded L(OEt)BiCl(2) (2). Chloride abstraction of 2 with AgX afforded [L(OEt)BiX(2)](2) [X(-) = triflate (OTf(-)) (3), tosylate (OTs(-)) (4)]. In aqueous solutions at pH > 4, 4 underwent ligand redistribution to give the bis(tripod) complex [(L(OEt))(2)Bi(H(2)O)][OTs] (5). The treatment of 4 with Na(2)Cr(2)O(7) in acetone/water afforded the Bi(III)/Cr(VI) oxo cluster [(L(OEt))(4)Bi(4)(μ(3)-CrO(4))(2)(μ(3)-Cr(2)O(7))(2)] (6) containing a unique Bi(4)Cr(4)O(12) oxometallic core. Compound 6 oxidized benzyl alcohol to give ca. 6 equiv of benzaldehyde. The reaction between 2 and CrO(3) yielded [L(OEt)Bi(OCrO(2)Cl)](2)(μ-Cl)(2) (7). The crystal structures of complexes 4-7 have been determined.     

Sulfonato-encapsulated bismuth(III) oxido-clusters from Bi2O3 in water under mild conditions

Treatment of Bi(2)O(3) with the acids; S-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic, 2,4,6-mesitylenesulfonic and sulfamic, under sonication at room temperature in water for 2-4 h, results in the formation and subsequent crystallisation of polynuclear bismuth oxido-clusters; [Bi(18)O(12)(OH)(12)(O(3)S-Cam)(18)(H(2)O)(2)], [Bi(38)O(45)(O(3)S-Mes)(24)(H(2)O)(14)] and [Bi(6)O(4)(OH)(4)(O(3)SNH(2))(6)].     

Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2纳米片的简易制备及光催化氧化NO机理的原位漫反射红外光谱研究(英文)

BiOBr因具有合适的能带结构和独特的层状纳米结构而广泛应用于可见光催化领域,但其低的可见光利用率和高的光生电子-空穴对复合率,限制了其实际应用.最近,非整比BiOBr纳米材料表现出了良好的可见光催化性能.本课题组分别采用简易水热法和常温法制备得Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2纳米片,并表现出良好的可见光催化性能.然而,对于Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2的可见光催化氧化NO的转化路径及反应机理还不清楚.基于此,本文采用射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、电子自旋共振(ESR)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)和比表面积-孔结构(BET-BJH)等手段研究了Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2的理化性能,通过原位红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)研究了Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2的可见光催化氧化NO的转化路径及反应机理.XRD结果表明,在常温碱性环境下,OH~-离子逐步取代BiOBr中的Br-离子制备得单斜晶相Bi_4O_5Br_2;在水热碱性环境下,OH-离子进一步取代Bi_4O_5Br_2中的Br-离子制备得四方晶相Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2.SEM和TEM结果表明,Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2是由不规则纳米片堆叠形成的紧密且厚实的层状结构,Bi_4O_5Br_2是由纳米片和纳米颗粒无序堆积形成的多孔疏松结构.BET-BJH测试结果显示,Bi_4O_5Br_2的比表面积和孔容(37.2 m~2/g,0.215 cm~3/g)显著高于Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2(8.7 m~2/g,0.04 cm~3/g).UV-Vis DRS测试结果显示,Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2均显示了良好的可见光吸收能力.可见光催化去除NO的测试结果表明,Bi_4O_5Br_2(41.8%)的光催化活性明显高于Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2(28.3%).并且,在5次可见光催化循环实验后,Bi_4O_5Br_2(41.1%)表现出良好可见光催化稳定性.ESR测试结果表明,Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2参与反应的主要活性物种均为·OH自由基,Bi_4O_5Br_2产生·OH自由基明显强于Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2.EPR测试结果表明,Bi_4O_5Br_2的氧空位明显多于Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2,丰富的氧空位更有利于NO的有效吸附.由此可见,Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2表现出不同的理化特性.可见光催化氧化NO的原位红外光谱表明,只在Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2光催化氧化NO的转化路径中会生成中间产物N2O3,表明Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2和Bi_4O_5Br_2具有不同的NO光催化转化路径.结合上述表征结果认为,Bi_4O_5Br_2比Bi_(12)O_(17)Br_2表现出更优异可见光催化性能的主要原因有以下四个方面为:(1)Bi_4O_5Br_2拥有更高的比表面积和更大的孔容,有利于NO的吸附、反应中间产物的转移和提供更多的活性位点参与光催化反应;(2)Bi_4O_5Br_2可以生成更多的·OH自由基和拥有更强的价带空穴氧化能力;(3)NO中的O原子可以与Bi_4O_5Br_2的氧空位结合,从而提供更多的反应位点;(4)Bi_4O_5Br_2的光催化反应中可以生成中间产物N_2O_3,可以降低NO转化成NO_3~-的反应活化能.     

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Materials Based on the Bi2O3-TiO2 System

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Nanocrystalline bismuth titanates Bi2Ti4O11 (115±5 nm), Bi4Ti3O12 (60±5 nm), Bi2Ti2O7 (105±5 nm), Bi8TiO14 (82±5 nm), and Bi12TiO20...     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of sulfide M2S3 (m = Bi, Sb) nanorods using an ionic liquid

Single-crystalline Bi(2)S(3) and Sb(2)S(3) nanorods have been successfully synthesized by the microwave-assisted ionic liquid method. The starting reagents were Bi(2)O(3) or Sb(2)O(3), HCl, Na(2)S(2)O(3), and ethylene glycol (EG) or ethanolamine, and the ionic liquid used was 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF(4)]). Our experiments showed that the ionic liquid played an important role in the morphology of M(2)S(3) (M = Bi, Sb). Single-crystalline Bi(2)S(3) nanorods could be prepared in the presence of [BMIM][BF(4)]. However, urchinlike Bi(2)S(3) structures consisting of nanorods were formed without using [BMIM][BF(4)]. Single-crystalline Sb(2)S(3) nanorods were obtained in the presence of [BMIM][BF(4)]. However, single-crystalline Sb(2)S(3) nanosheets could be prepared in the absence of [BMIM][BF(4)]. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron diffraction (ED).     

Synthesis and crystal chemistry of two new fluorite-related bismuth phosphates, Bi(4.25)(PO4)2O(3.375) and Bi5(PO4)2O4.5, in the Series Bi4+x(PO4)2O3+3x/2 (0.175 < or = x < or = 1)

Two new phosphates, Bi(4.25)(PO4)2O(3.375) and Bi(5)(PO(4))(2)O(4.5), have been analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the series Bi(4+x)(PO4)2O(3+3x/2) (0.175 < or = x < or = 1). The syntheses of the compositions ranging from x = 0.175 to 0.475 were carried out by the ceramic route. The compositions from x = 0.175 to 0.475 form a solid solution with a structure similar to that of Bi(4.25)(PO4)2O(3.375), while Bi(5)(PO4)2O(4.5) was isolated from a mixture of two phases. Both of the phases form fluorite-related structures but, nevertheless, differ from each other with respect to the arrangement of the bismuth atoms. The uniqueness in the structures is the appearance of isolated PO(4) tetrahedra separated by interleaving [Bi2O2] units. ac impedance studies indicate conductivity on the order of 10(-5) S cm(-1) for Bi(4.25)(PO4)2O(3.375). Crystal data: Bi(4.25)(PO4)2O(3.375), triclinic, space group P (No. 1), with a = 7.047(1) A, b = 9.863(2) A, c = 15.365(4) A, alpha = 77.604(4) degrees, beta = 84.556(4) degrees, gamma = 70.152(4) degrees, V = 980.90(4) A3, and Z = 4; Bi(5)(PO4)2O(4.5), monoclinic, space group C2/c (No. 15), with a = 13.093(1) A, b = 5.707(1) A, c = 15.293(1) A, beta = 98.240(2) degrees, V = 1130.95(4) A(3), and Z = 8.     

新型间接Z字结型g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Bi空心微球等离子共振增强光吸收和光催化性能（英文）

半导体光催化技术是目前最有前景的绿色化学技术,可通过利用太阳光降解污染物或制氢.作为有潜力的半导体催化剂,钼酸铋具有合适的带隙(2.58 eV).但是,由于低的量子产量,钼酸铋的光催化性能并不理想.为了提高钼酸铋的光催化性能,研究者多考虑采取构造异质结的方式.石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)能带位置合适,与多种光催化半导体能带匹配,是构造异质结的常用选择.因此,本文选用g-C3N4与钼酸铋复合,构造异质结结构.为了进一步提高光催化性能,多采用负载贵金属(Pt,Au和Pd)作为助催化剂,利用贵金属特有的等离子共振效应,增加光吸收,促进载流子分离,但贵金属价格昂贵.Bi金属单质价格便宜,具备等效的等离子共振效应,是理想的贵金属替代物.钼酸铋可以采取原位还原的方式还原出Bi单质,构造更紧密的界面结构,更有利于载流子传输.Bi的等离子共振效应可以有效提高材料的光吸收能力和光生载流子分离率.本文采用溶剂热和原位还原方法成功合成了一种新型三元异质结结构g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Bi(CN/BMO/Bi)空心微球.结果显示,三元异质结结构的最佳配比为0.4CN/BMO/9Bi,该样品表现出最好的光催化降解罗丹明B效率,是纯钼酸铋的9倍.通过计算DRS和XPS的价带数据,0.4CN/BMO/9Bi是一种Z字型异质结.牺牲试剂实验也提供了Z字型异质结的有力证据,测试显示超氧自由基·O^2-(在-0.33 eV)是光催化降解的主要基团.但是,钼酸铋的导带位置低于-0.33 eV,g-C3N4的导带高于-0.33 eV,因此g-C3N4的导带是唯一的反应位点,从而证明了光生载流子的转移是通过Z字型异质结结构实现的.TEM图显示金属Bi分散在钼酸铋表面.DRS和PL图分析表明金属Bi增加了材料的光吸收能力,同时扮演了中间介质的角色,促进钼酸铋导带的电子和g-C3N4价带的空穴快速复合.因此,g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Bi的优异光催化性能主要归功于Z字型异质结和Bi金属的等离子共振吸收效应,提高了材料的光吸收能力和光生载流子分离率.     

二维/二维S-型Bi3NbO7/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂驱动选择性CO2还原制CH4

人工光合作用可直接将二氧化碳转化为一系列碳氢化合物,实现大气中的碳循环,被视为一种既能解决能源短缺又能减少温室气体,进而改善人类生存环境的新型绿色技术.光催化二氧化碳还原体系需要合适的耦合氧化还原反应,以及对外界光源的有效利用以产生足够电子参与反应,因此构建高催化活性和高选择性的催化体系仍然面临着巨大挑战.此外,二维纳米结构(2D)由于具有比表面积大、离子的迁移路径短以及独特的平层电子转移轨道等特性,被证实有利于光催化还原CO₂过程.其中,Bi₃NbO₇特殊的片层结构和合适的能带位置,使其在光催化还原CO₂反应中表现出良好的催化性能.然而,Bi₃NbO₇的光生载流子易复合及反应中光腐蚀严重等缺陷导致其光利用率较低,限制了其实际应用.因此,构建S-型异质结是提高复合材料光催化活性的一种有前途的策略.S-型异质结不仅能有效地分离光生电子和空穴,而且这一电子转移过程赋予了复合物最大的氧化还原能力.同时,S-型光催化体系不仅拥有同样的强氧化和强还原能力,还可显著抑制副反应的发生及副产物的产生,有利于CO₂还原反应的高选择性进行.本文利用简易的溶剂热法制备了一系列S-型Bi₃NbO₇/g-C₃N₄(BNO/UCN)异质结光催化剂,与其纯组分催化剂相比,表现出优异的光催化还原CO₂活性,g-C₃N₄含量为80wt%的BNO/UCN-3光催化剂催化CO₂生成CH₄产率为37.59μmol·g^-1h^-1,是g-C₃N₄的15倍,CH₄选择性为90%;且循环反应10次后仍保持较高的活性及CH4选择性.光催化活性及选择性的显著增强是由于二维分布的纳米结构和S-型电荷转移路径.在可见光照射下,界面内建电场、带边缘弯曲和库仑相互作用协同促进了复合物相对无用的电子和空穴的复合.因此,剩余的电子和空穴具有较高的还原性和氧化性,使复合材料具有较高的氧化还原能力.自由基捕获实验、电子顺磁共振实验和原位X射线光电子能谱实验结果表明,光催化剂中的电子迁移遵循S-型异质结机理.综上,本文不仅为新型S-型异质结CO₂还原光催化剂的设计和制备提供了新方法,而且为未来解决能源短缺及实现碳中和目标提供一定的实验及理论依据.