Tunneling of Charged and Magnetized Fermions from the Reissner-Nordström Black Hole with Magnetic Charges

The Kerner-Mann fermions tunneling framework is extended to the spin particles with electric and magnetic charges in this paper. We rewrite the electromagnetic field tensor and the Lagrangian of the field corresponding to the source with electric and magnetic charges to redefine an equivalent charge. We only consider the case that the ratio of the electric charge and magnetic charge of the emission is constant and equal to the source. The result shows that when the energy conservation together with the electric charge and magnetic charge conservations are taken into account in the dynamical background space time, the emission rate agrees with the underlying unitary theory and the actual radiation spectrum of charged and magnetized fermions also derivates from the pure thermal one.     

Two-Mode Harmonic Oscillator Model of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole

In this paper, we will assume that the Reissner-Nordström black hole can be dynamically expressed, at the classical level, in terms of a reduced phase space consisting of the physical observables and their canonical conjugates. More specifically, we propose that the phase space can be described by the black hole’s mass and charge along with their respective conjugates. In this four-dimensional phase space we perform a couple of canonical transformations to obtain a two-mode harmonic oscillator model of Reissner-Nordström black hole. By adopting this model, the quantum spectrum and wave function of horizon area are presented.     

Charge,Geometry, and Effective Mass in the Kerr-Newman Solution to the Einstein Field Equations

It has been shown that for the Reissner-Nordström solution to the vacuum Einstein field equations charge, like mass, has a unique space-time signature (Marsh, Found. Phys. 38:293–300, 2008). The presence of charge results in a negative curvature. This work, which includes a discussion of effective mass, is extended here to the Kerr-Newman solution.     

Fermions’ Tunnelling from the Reissner- Nordström-Anti-de Sitter Black Hole

Very recent work of Kerner and Mann involving fermions tunnelling from the Rindler space-time and a general non-rotating black hole is extended to the case of Reissner-Nordström-anti-de Sitter black hole. Due to the couple between the gravity field and electromagnetic field, we introduce the Dirac equation of the charged particles to determine the action of the radiation. We further consider the correction of the thermal spectrum in the unfixed background space time. It is shown that when the energy and charge conservations are considered, the tunnelling rate of fermions is also related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, implying the underlying unitary theory is satisfied.     

电荷离散化时相干态下介观金属环中电荷与电流以及能量的量子涨落

基于电荷量子化的事实,运用最小平移算符Q∧的性质等,计算对应的相干态下介观金属环中电荷、电流及能量的量子涨落,研究影响量子涨落的因素.结果表明:计及电荷的离散性,在相干态下介观金属环中电荷、能量的量子涨落不为零,分别与电荷量子、相干态参量等因素有关;此外,能量的量子涨落还决定于金属环的电感、外磁通及其时间变化率的大小.     

Charge radii and structural evolution in Sr,Zr, and Mo isotopes

The evolution of the ground-state nuclear shapes in neutron-rich Sr, Zr, and Mo isotopes, including both even-even and odd-A nuclei, is studied within a self-consistent mean-field approximation based on the D1S–Gogny interaction. Neutron separation energies and charge radii are calculated and compared with available data. A correlation between a shape transition and a discontinuity in those observables is found microscopically. While in Sr and Zr isotopes the steep behavior observed in the isotopic dependence of the charge radii is a consequence of a sharp prolate–oblate transition, the smooth behavior found in Mo isotopes has its origin in an emergent region of triaxiality.     

共轭低聚物中光生分子间电荷转移态的第一性原理研究

We perform density functional theory calculations to investigate the polaron pair (charge transfer state) photo-generation in donor-acceptor oligomer methyl-capped (4,7-benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole-2,6-(4,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b;3,4-b'']dithiophene-4,7-benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole)(CPDTBT).Results show that effective photo-generation of charge transfer state can happen in CPDTBT dimer when the group 4,7-benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (BT) in one monomer deviates against the conjugated plane (onset torsion angle is about 20°).The lower excitation energy (530 nm) can only generate the intramolecular excitonic state,while the higher excitation energy (370 nm) can generate the intermolecular charge transfer state,in good agreement with the experiment.Moreover,the mechanism of charge separation in CPDTBT oligomers is discussed.     

Reissner-Nordstr?m de Sitter黑洞的量子隧穿效应

运用Parikh的量子隧穿模型，研究了Reissner-Nordstrm de Sitter黑洞的量子隧穿效应.结果表明，在能量守恒的条件下，黑洞外视界和宇宙视界处的粒子出射率与Bekenstein-Hawking熵有关，辐射谱不再是严格的纯热谱.     

Charge exchange in collisions of H+2 with H-

The process of mutual neutralization in slow H+2+H- collisions is considered within the multi-channel Landau-Zener model. The calculated total mutual neutralization cross section is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data available in the CM energy range 20～2000 eV.     

Charge stripe structure in FeTe

We report the STM study on a single-crystalline sample of FeTe at 7.8 K. FeTe is one of the iron-based superconductor. We measured the resistivity and the magnetization of FeTe. FeTe shows SDW transition at 58 K on these measurements. We study the electronic state of FeTe by using STM/STS for observing FeTe from a microscopic viewpoint. We observed the iron layer and the tellurium layer with atomic resolution. Moreover, we discover the charge stripe structure on STM/STS measurement. We find the charge stripe structure is caused by iron atoms from the analysis. The gap structure of 9 meV was observed in tunneling spectra. This gap size is consistent with the SDW gap which is expected from mean field theory with T_N=58 K.     

Charge retention in quantized energy levels of nanocrystals

Understanding charging mechanisms and charge retention dynamics of nanocrystal (NC) memory devices is important in optimization of device design. Capacitance spectroscopy on PECVD grown germanium NCs embedded in a silicon oxide matrix was performed. Dynamic measurements of discharge dynamics are carried out. Charge decay is modelled by assuming storage of carriers in the ground states of NCs and that the decay is dominated by direct tunnelling. Discharge rates are calculated using the theoretical model for different NC sizes and densities and are compared with experimental data. Experimental results agree well with the proposed model and suggest that charge is indeed stored in the quantized energy levels of the NCs.     

Exact Solution of Effective Mass Schrödinger Equation for the Hulthen Potential

A general form of the effective mass Schrödinger equation is solved exactly for Hulthen potential. Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used to obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. A free parameter is used in the transformation of the wave function.     

Charge qubits and limitations of electrostatic quantum gates

We investigate quantum dot arrays and their application to quantum computation. The arrays analyzed contain a total of a few operating electrons with constant tunneling between the dots. We construct quantum two-level systems near the ground state with a large energy separation to the remainder of the states and with the electrostatic interaction modeled within the capacitance matrix formalism. A set of representative examples is investigated numerically.     

左氧氟沙星的荷移反应及荧光光谱行为研究

研究了在乙醇溶剂中左氧氟沙星与四氯苯醌的电荷转移反应,并用荧光光谱法确定了反应条件,最大激发波长329.3nm.最大发射波长474.0nm.复合比四氯苯醌:左氧氟沙星=1:2,线性范围0.8-8×10-7mol/L,最低检出限1.84×10-8 mol/L.并进行了左氧氟沙星胶囊的测定.本法操作方便,稳定性好,灵敏度高,回收率符合要求,可作为痕量左氧氟沙星的检出分析方法.     

两种新型电荷转移盐的合成和光谱研究

合成了两种新的有机盐[NO₂BzPy]Cl(1)和[NO₂BzPyNH₂]Cl(2),(1)[或(2)]与K[TCNQ]₂进一步反应生成[NO₂BzPy] [TCNQ]₂ (3)和[NO₂BzPyNH₂] [TCNQ]₂(4)。光谱数据表明：TCNQ盐中存在TCNQ0和TCNQ-,并形成了一维TCNQ分子柱,且TCNQ₀和TCNQ-之间存在相互作用,部分电荷从[TCNQ]-₂向阳离子([NO₂BzPy]+和[NO₂BzPyNH₂]+)转移。     

牛磺酸与对苯醌的荷移反应

用分光光度法研究牛磺酸与对苯醌的荷移反应.实验表明,牛磺酸与对苯醌在pH 8.5的三酸缓冲溶液中,90℃水浴加热20min,可生成稳定的荷移络合物.荷移络合物的组成比为2∶1,最大吸收波长λmax=339nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=5.9×104L/mol·cm,在4-180μg/mL的范围内符合比耳定律,回收率在96....     

Charge Transfer Luminescence in Ce-Doped Fluorides

New emission bands were found in Ce^3? doped SrF₂ and BaF₂ crystals under excitation into the charge transfer region. The bands at 4.85 eV in BaF₂ and 4.35 eV SrF₂ were found in all crystals with Ce-concentration from 0.001 to 1 mol.%, most prominent in 0.01% samples. Decay of luminescence was simple exponential in BaF₂, decay time decreased from 1.3 ms at 65 K to 0.41 μs at 523 K. The decay curve in SrF₂ shows t^?0.3 dependence at room temperature. All experimental results were naturally explained by assumption that new emission belongs to radiative charge transfer recombination in Ce^2?—F_i^o pairs with different distances between them.     

Charge and spin manipulation in a few-electron double dot

We demonstrate high-speed manipulation of a few-electron double quantum dot. In the one-electron regime, the double dot forms a charge qubit. Microwaves are used to drive transitions between the (1,0) and (0,1) charge states of the double dot. A local quantum point contact charge detector measures the photon-induced change in occupancy of the charge states. Charge detection is used to measure and also provides a lower bound estimate for of 400 ps for the charge qubit. In the two-electron regime we use pulsed-gate techniques to measure the singlet–triplet relaxation time for nearly-degenerate spin states. These experiments demonstrate that the hyperfine interaction leads to fast spin relaxation at low magnetic fields. Finally, we discuss how two-electron spin states can be used to form a logical spin qubit.     

CCD功耗分析与计算

在CCD内部结构的基础上,分析了CCD的动态功耗和静态功耗两部分.静态功耗是CCD片上输出放大器所消耗的功率;动态功耗是由于CCD驱动时钟对时钟电极的串联等效电容或极间电容进行充放电,充放电电流流过多晶硅电极电阻或串联等效电阻引起功率耗散.分别给出了二者的估算方法,其中动态功耗的估算方法有集总模型估算法、分布式模型估算法及PSpice仿真估算法三种.结合具体项目,在对CCD47-20的工作模式和工作时序分析的基础上,采用集总模型估算法对其功耗进行了估算,并通过实验估测验证了估算方法的有效性.     

Visualization of Metal-to-Ligand and Ligand-to-Ligand Charge Transfer in Metal-Ligand Complexes

利用三种方法可视化化了Ru(II) ammine的金属到配体的电荷转移. 首先原子分辨的态密度显示HOMO上的密度主要在Ru上,LUMO 上的态密度在ammine上,这说明Ru上激发的电子会转移到ammine配体上. 第二,电荷差异密度揭示了所有的空穴都在Ru上,所有的电子都在ammine上. 第三,跃迁密度矩阵揭示了Ru和ammine上的电子空穴对的相关性. 这三种方法也用来研究Os(bpy)₂(p0p)Cl的金属到配体的电荷转移和Alq3配体到配体的电荷转移.