Optimization of Mass Transfer Processes in the Zone of the Air Electrode of a Fuel Cell with a Solid Polymer Electrolyte

A two-dimensional mathematical model for the transport of reactants in a fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte is developed. The model is used for analyzing spatial distributions of the concentration of reactants and current density over the cell. The effect of the catalytic-layer activity, reactant speed, bipolar-plate geometry, thickness and porosity of current collector and/or gas-diffusion sublayer, and the reaction mixture composition on the fuel cell efficiency is estimated theoretically and experimentally.     

固体聚合物电解质燃料电池的研究

报道了固体聚合物电解质燃料电池的电极制备方法和温度，压力以及阴极气量对电池性能的影响。     

离子交换膜燃料电池汽车

本文综述了离子交换膜燃料电池汽车应用发展背景,现状及商业化前景,探讨了离子交换膜燃料电池及其系统关键技术．     

Calculating a Characteristic Bulk Current Density in the Cathode of a Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell with a Solid Polymer Electrolyte

The magnitude of currents of electrodes in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells of all types is shown to be fully determined by values of the effective coefficient of gas diffusion, the effective coefficient of ionic conduction, and the characteristic bulk current density. The characteristic bulk current density is estimated in two versions for cathodes with Nafion: the catalyst is distributed in the bulk of substrate grains or at their external surface. The currents commensurate with those observed in experiments are given only by the second version. Means of computer-aided simulation are used to imitate the formation of fractal films composed of the catalyst particles on the surface substrate grains. The simulation means made it possible to link the magnitude of the specific surface area of platinum particles with its weight content in substrate grains. Electrochemical characteristics of the cathode with Nafion-the potential dependence of the optimum magnitude of the overall current and the thicknesses of the active layer and the weight of platinum in it, as well as the magnitudes of the optimum current generated by a unit weight of platinum—are calculated. A notion of “ norm” is introduced for the characteristic bulk current density of the cathode. 1 × 10^?3 A cm^?3 is the electrochemical-process intensity, which the technology of preparation of active layers of cathodes can provide at this stage in the development of fuel cells with a solid polymer electrolyte.     

低维纳米材料在质子交换膜燃料电池电催化反应中的应用

在聚合物膜燃料电池中,电催化剂决定了电池的运行寿命及性能。本文按照材料维数的不同,分别介绍了近年来零维、一维和二维材料在聚合物膜燃料电池电极反应中应用的最新研究进展;并对各类聚合物膜燃料电池电催化反应的机理和研究侧重点进行了详细的介绍。     

Polypropylene Composites for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) holds tremendous promise for a variety of mobile and stationary power generation applications and is the cornerstone of the anticipated hydrogen economy. One of the major factors limiting fuel cell commercialization is the development of bipolar plates since bipolar plates account for approximately 70% of the PEMFC weight, and 60% of the stack manufacturing and materials cost. The objective of this research is to investigate a feasibility of a conductive composite family to be used as bipolar plates in a PEMFC, in order to get the highly conductive, light weight, and low cost bipolar plates. This work utilized a combination of a polypropylene and low cost conductive filler materials: graphite, conductive carbon black, and carbon fibers. The components were combined in a batch mixer and injection molded into samples for testing with loadings up to 65%wt of fillers. The novel blends were tested for electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, rheology, and actual plates (16 cm²) were tested in fuel cell testing trials. The impact of different types of fillers on the composite properties was evaluated, as well as the synergetic effect of mixtures of fill types within a polypropylene matrix. From the results, the highest conductivity, 1900 S/m (in-plane) and 156 S/m (through plane), was obtained with the 65% composite. Moreover, the effects of additives such as coupling agents, and intrinsically conductive polymer (polypyrrole) were observed in this work. The electrical conductivity was influenced by polypyrrole added to the polypropylene composite.     

铝离子聚合物固态电解质

铝离子电池因其材料成本低、大倍率性能优异和循环寿命超长等优势,而被认为在大规模静态储能应用中具有广阔前景.目前的铝离子电池大部分采用离子液体、尿素和熔融盐等液态电解液,其在实际工程化应用当中存在电解液渗漏的风险.相对而言,全固态电池则可以避免电解液渗漏的问题,还具有因去除隔膜和简化封装所带来的电池整体能量密度提升的优点.但是,目前领域内少有关于全固态铝离子电池的研究.基于此,采用溶液浇筑法,以冠醚作为添加剂和配位基团、以聚乙二醇（PEO）作为基底,制备出无定型结构的聚合物固态铝离子电解质.其中,冠醚不仅作为配位基团与铝离子进行配位提高铝离子的稳定性,而且作为相容性高的添加剂降低聚合物结晶度,从而提高固态电解质的离子电导率.测试表明,制备出的18-6/PEO/Al（CF₃SO₃）₃体系聚合物固态铝离子电解质是非晶态为主的晶态与非晶态共存的薄膜,且具备很高的离子电导率（室温,5.5×10^-6 S/cm;100℃高温,1.86×10^-3 S/cm）和较宽的电化学稳定窗口（0~3 V）,这为全固态铝离子电池的研发奠定了基础.     

碱性固体燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展

最近,碱性聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(APEMFC)因具有电极反应动力学快以及不依赖于贵金属铂催化剂等诸多优点而成为一个热门话题.作为其中一个关键部件,碱性聚合物电解质膜直接影响燃料电池的性能和成本.然而,迄今为止,仍然没有令人满意的碱性电解质膜材料.为此,大量研究被开展和报道.本文综述了近三年内文献中关于燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展:包括各种各样的合成策略,构效关系,水管理以及非原位或原位稳定性测试等等.尤其是一些新的金属离子基阴离子交换膜和冠醚基阴离子交换膜首次被提及和评论.此外,还进一步预测了将来的发展趋势.     

碱性固体燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展

最近,碱性聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（APEMFC）因具有电极反应动力学快以及不依赖于贵金属铂催化剂等诸多优点而成为一个热门话题. 作为其中一个关键部件,碱性聚合物电解质膜直接影响燃料电池的性能和成本.然而,迄今为止,仍然没有令人满意的碱性电解质膜材料. 为此,大量研究被开展和报道. 本文综述了近三年内文献中关于燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展：包括各种各样的合成策略,构效关系,水管理以及非原位或原位稳定性测试等等. 尤其是一些新的金属离子基阴离子交换膜和冠醚基阴离子交换膜首次被提及和评论.此外,还进一步预测了将来的发展趋势.     

碱性固体燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展

最近,碱性聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（APEMFC）因具有电极反应动力学快以及不依赖于贵金属铂催化剂等诸多优点而成为一个热门话题. 作为其中一个关键部件,碱性聚合物电解质膜直接影响燃料电池的性能和成本.然而,迄今为止,仍然没有令人满意的碱性电解质膜材料. 为此,大量研究被开展和报道. 本文综述了近三年内文献中关于燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展：包括各种各样的合成策略,构效关系,水管理以及非原位或原位稳定性测试等等. 尤其是一些新的金属离子基阴离子交换膜和冠醚基阴离子交换膜首次被提及和评论.此外,还进一步预测了将来的发展趋势.     

Optimizing Weights of Platinum in the Active Layer of the Cathode of a Hydrogen–Oxygen Fuel Cell with a Solid Polymer Electrolyte

The active layer of the cathode of a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte is computer simulated. The active mass of the electrode consists of substrate grains (agglomerates of carbon particles with Pt particles embedded into them) and grains of a solid polymer electrolyte (Nafion). The substrate grains presumably contain hydrophobic pores, which facilitate the oxygen penetration into the active mass. A calculation of characteristics of such an electrode focuses on the optimization of platinum weights. The principal parameters of the system are concentration and size of grains of substrate and Nafion, Pt concentration in substrate grains, average diameter of hydrophobic pores in substrate grains, and the electrode polarization. The optimum, at a given electrode polarization, electrochemical activity of the active layer, its thickness, and the platinum weight are calculated. A link between these quantities and principal parameters of the active layer is revealed.     

燃料电池聚合物电解质膜

本文简要介绍了聚电解质膜燃料电池的定义、分类、工作原理及其特点,综述了国内外在燃料电池聚电解质领域的最新成果。对质子传导率与甲醇渗透系数的关系进行了初步探讨,详细评述了近年来AAPEM和ACPEM这两类聚电解质膜的研究进展,并对今后的研究趋势作了展望。     

质子交换膜燃料电池中的电化学催化

系统介绍了重庆大学在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)电化学催化方面的研究工作.指出PEMFC成流过程中造成电池性能衰减及寿命短与催化剂和膜电极(MEA)相关的主要因素有:催化剂在载体表面迁移、聚结、溶解,随同载体腐蚀一并流失,催化剂中毒,MEA催化层水淹导致反应气体短缺而引起的"负差效应"以及小分子有机物缓慢的氧化动力学.重庆大学燃料电池研究小组近年来从分子模拟机理出发,结合实验求证,探索制备高活性、高稳定性、高催化剂利用率、抗溺水性电极的方法、技术和手段,为提高催化剂的寿命和利用率,降低催化剂成本,寻求可行的解决办法.     

SrCe0.90Gd0.10O3固体电解质燃料电池性能研究

以固相反庆方法制备了SrCe0.90Gd0.10O3含质子导电的固体电解质,对以该材料为电解质的燃料电池的性能进行了研究。结果表明,电池的输出电压强裂依赖于湿度民,其原因是电池电解质具有复杂的导电机理,通过对其在燃料电池工作气氛下的阻抗谱研究,揭示了该材料导电类型随气氛变化的规律,并从机理上对此实验加以解释,根据实验结果,确定了电解质材料的最佳使用条件。     

有机-无机复合型聚合物电解质的研究进展

聚合物电解质是现在锂离子电池研究领域的热点，有机－无机复合型聚合物电解质（CSPE）是现在聚合物电解质的研究主流。在聚合物电解质中添加无机添末，特别是纳米材料，大大改善了聚合物电解质的机械性能、离子导电性能以及界面稳定性能。对CSPE性能进行了评价，对在CSPE中添加无机粉末性能改善机理作了概括和探讨，并对CSPE的前景作了展望。     

Operando 3D Visualization of Migration and Degradation of a Platinum Cathode Catalyst in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

The three‐dimensional (3D) distribution and oxidation state of a Pt cathode catalyst in a practical membrane electrode assembly (MEA) were visualized in a practical polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) under fuel‐cell operating conditions. Operando 3D computed‐tomography imaging with X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (CT‐XANES) clearly revealed the heterogeneous migration and degradation of Pt cathode catalyst in an MEA during accelerated degradation test (ADT) of PEFC. The degradative Pt migration proceeded over the entire cathode catalyst layer and spread to MEA depth direction into the Nafion membrane.     

New Gas-Diffusion Electrode Based on Heterocyclic Microporous Polymer PIM-1 for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry - Polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1 was used for electrospun polymer nanofiber producing. After pyrolysis, the obtained nanofibers, in a form of entire...     

Self-reporting and Biodegradable Thermosetting Solid Polymer Electrolyte

To date, significant efforts have been dedicated to improve their ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). However, direct monitoring of physical and chemical changes in SPEs is still lacking. Moreover, existing thermosetting SPEs are hardly degradable. Herein, by overcoming the limitation predicted by Flory theory, self-reporting and biodegradable thermosetting hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester)-based SPEs (HPAE-SPEs) are reported. HPAE is successfully synthesized through a well-controlled “A2+B4” Michael addition strategy and then crosslinked it in situ to produce HPAE-SPEs. The multiple tertiary aliphatic amines at the branching sites confer multicolour luminescence to HPAE-SPEs, enabling direct observation of its physical and chemical damage. After use, HPAE-SPEs can be rapidly hydrolysed into non-hazardous β-amino acids and polyols via self-catalysis. Optimized HPAE-SPE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.3×10⁻⁴ S/cm at 60 °C, a Na⁺ transference number ( ) of 0.67, a highly stable sodium plating-stripping behaviour and a low overpotential of ≈190 mV. This study establishes a new paradigm for developing SPEs by engineering multifunctional polymers. The self-reporting and biodegradable properties would greatly expand the scope of applications for SPEs.     

Anode Catalytic Dependency Behavior on Ionomer Content in Direct CO Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

In this work, the effect of Nafion ionomer content on the structure and catalytic performance of direct CO polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(CO-PEMFC) by using Rh-N-C single-atom catalyst as the anode catalyst layers was studied. The ionic plaque and roughness of the anode catalyst layers increase with the increase of Nafion ionomer content. Furthermore, the contact angle measurement results show that the hydrophilicity of the anode catalyst layers also increases with the increase of Nafion ionomer content. However, when the Nafion ionomer content is too low, the binding between microporous layers, catalyst layers and membrane cannot meet the requirement for either electric conductivity or mass transfer. While Nafion ionomer content increased above 30%, the content of water in anode is difficult to control. Therefore, it was found that AN 30(30% Nafion ionomer content of anode) is the best level to effectively extend the three-phase boundary and improve CO-PEMFCs performance.