微量元素与食物

含钙高的食物:牛奶、黄豆、乳制品、海参、海带、蚕豆、豆制品、芝麻酱、虾皮、燕麦、小麦、酸奶、牛肉等。含镁高的食物:荷叶、香蕉、黄豆、蕃茄、绿豆、红小豆、蕃石榴、蜂蜜、燕麦等。含锌高的食物:牡蛎、猪肝、鱼类、高锌鸡蛋、板栗、核桃、红枣、黄鳝、海参等。含铁高的食     

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和水系沉积物等样品中碳、氮、氟、氯、硫、溴等42种主次和痕量元素

采用粉末压片制样,用X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤、水系沉积物等样品中C、N、F、S、Cl、Br、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ga、As、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Th、U、Ba、La、Ce、Nd、Ge、Yb、W、Hf、Sc、Sn、Mo、Cs等42种元素。着重研究了C、N、F、S和Cl等元素的测量条件和存在问题;并研究了痕量元素的背景选择和谱线重叠校正的问题。方法的检出限,精密度和准确度绝大多数能满足覆盖区多目标地球化学调查样品的质量要求。     

三七生长初期不同部位微量元素的含量测定

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES),对文山地区GAP种植及农户常规种植的生长初期三七不同部位中的微量元素Mg、P、Ca、Mn、Na、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cr、Ni、Ge、Se等14种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,三七的根、茎、叶中含有丰富的人体必需Mg、P、Ca、Mn、Na、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mo、Ge、Se等有益元素,且P、Ca、Mg、Fe含量较高,Na、Mn、Co、Zn次之,Co、Mo、Cr、Ni、Ge、Se含量均较低。为三七GAP栽培标准和特征制订、三七道地药材的化学特征——化学指纹图谱的建立及研究提供理论依据。     

糖尿病人血清18种元素与肾功能、血脂、心功能等因素的分析

测定56例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病人血清Cu、Se、Zn、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、V、Cd、Pb、B、Al、Sr、As、Ti、Ni、Ba、Mg等18种微量元素，并以上述18种元素分别作为因变量，以血糖、血脂、肾功能、心功能等指标为自变量，作多因素逐步回归分析．能建立回归方程的微量元素有Cu、Mn、Zn、Co、Fe、Sr、Se、Cd、B、Mg、Ba．糖代谢有关的FBG、PBG、GHb均未能进入模型。能进入模型有与肾功能有关的CR、β2-Mg、Pu，与血脂代谢有关的TG、TC、LDL-Ch、VLDL-Ch、HDL-Ch及与心功能有关的EF．糖尿病人血清Cu、Mn、Co与病人的肾功能指标(CR、β2-Mg或Pu)相关，Mn、Se、Cd、B、Mg、Ba与血脂代谢指标相关，Zn、Co、Mg与心脏EF相关．     

电热板消解与密闭罐消解对土壤中49种矿质元素ICP-MS法检测的影响

分别采用电热板消解和密闭罐消解进行土壤样品前处理,根据加标回收实验和国家标准物质(GBW07403)验证实验,结果显示,使用电热板消解-ICP-MS法分析土壤中铍、锂、钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、镓、锗、砷、硒、锶、锆、铌、钼、钯、银、镉、铟、锡、钡、钽、钨、铼、铊、铅、铀可获得较好的准确性和精密度,而密闭消解罐消解-ICP-MS法则更适于土壤中钪、钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、铱、铂、金、钍的检测,各元素的检出限为0.311～94.36 ng/L,相对标准偏差为0.55%～5.03%.表明不同消解方法适于土壤中不同矿质元素的检测.应用所建立的方法,对新疆地区2个葡萄园的土壤样品中49种矿质元素进行了分析.     

恩施来凤藤茶微量元素的分析及其保健功能探讨

用原子吸收光谱法等方法测定TN茶及常用绿茶中Fe、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Se、Mn、Co、K、Na、F、I的含量，发现藤茶中Fe、Cu、zn、Mg、Mn、Se、Na、F及I的含量比常用绿茶高。并根据测定的结果探讨了藤茶的保健功能。     

不同生长时期盐藻无机元素分析

测定了对数生长期和稳定期盐藻中10种无机元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量。结果表明，稳定期盐藻中K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量比对数生长期都有不同程度的增加，Na、P的含量反而降低。     

白族长寿地区硬果仁中19种元素的测定分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）,对云南省白族长寿区的葵花子仁、麻子仁和核桃仁中的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、AI、B、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo、Sr、Mn、Cr、Se、Ge、Cd、Pb、As等19种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,3种硬果仁中含有丰富的人体必需的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cu、Cr、Sr、Mo等有益元素,且P、Mg、S、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Fe、Se的含量较高。这些生命元素在3种硬果仁中的含量存在差异。有害元素Cd、Pb均未检出,核桃仁中As含量较高。硬果仁中富含这些生命元素是该地区老人健康长寿的一个重要原因。     

"食品安全快速检测方法及装备研究"项目通过鉴定

前不久，由军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所高志贤博士主持的“食品安全快速检测方法及装备研究”项目通过了天津市科委的鉴定。这项成果包括甲醇、亚硝酸盐、巴比妥、桐油、安妥、铅、汞、敌鼠、杂醇油、锰、有机磷农药、钾、组胺、氰化物、磷化物、生物碱、镉、酸度、硝酸盐、酸价、过氧化值、游离矿酸、甲醛、细菌总数及大肠杆菌等26项检测指标的前处理和快速检测方法，其中甲醇、亚硝酸盐、桐油、铅、     

复杂矿样中锡钨的联合测定

砷、锑、铜、氟等对锡的碘量法和钨的硫氰酸盐比色法均有干扰,当分析上述元素含量较高的矿样时,需要预先分离。为此进行加硫酸铵焙烧除砷的试验,並用含磷酸钠或EDTA而适当提高碱度的浸出液浸出以减少铁、钙、镁对锡、钨的吸附和有利于锡转化为锡酸钠于溶液中。试样经焙烧后砷、锑、氟等被驱除,再碱熔水浸则使铁、钙、镁、钛、锰、锆、钡、银、金、铋、镉、钴、汞、镍、钍、铌、钽和稀土元素,以及绝大部份铜进入沉淀,只有铝、锌、钼、铬     

等离子体发射光谱法测定茶水中无机元素的含量

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对茶水中的无机元素进行分析,对其中的Cu、Zn、Mn、P、Fe5种元素进行定量,讨论了等离子体发射光谱法最佳实验条件及影响茶叶中无机元素浸出量的因素。Cu、Zn、Mn、P、Fe的回收率为92．5％～103．5％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．34％-4．5％（n=5）。     

Synthesis,Luminescence and Intramolecular Energy Transfer of Binary and Ternary Rare Earth Complexes with Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and 1, 10-Phenanthroline

A series of binary and ternary rare earth complexes with para-substitued benzoic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline were synthesized. The phosphorescence spectra were measured and the lowest triplet state energies of ligands were determined, the phosphorescence lifetimes were obtained and intramolecular energy transfer mechanism between ligands was studied. The luminescence properties were also measured and were in agreement with the prediction. The energy match and intramolecular energy transfer process in these binary and ternary complexes were discussed in detail.     

Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats

The volatile flavour compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats (labelled as conventional and organic) were evaluated by gas chromatography-olfactometry and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile compounds were isolated in a model mouth system. Gas chromatography-olfactometry was performed by a group of eight assessors using the detection frequency methodology. The odours of the detected compounds were described as well. Eighty-one volatile compounds were identified, 11 compounds of which possessed odour activity in the first beef sample and 14 of which in the second meat sample. Ten volatile flavour compounds were common to both: methanethiol, dimethyl sulphide, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, 2- and 3-methylbutanal, an unknown compound, 2-octanone, decanal and benzothiazole. Two unknown compounds were only detected in the first sample while 2,3-pentanedione, 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, 2-heptanone, dimethyl trisulphide and nonanal were only perceived in the second beef. Significant differences in terms of detection frequency, odour characteristics and in nature of the volatile flavour compounds were emphasised between the two samples.     

IEX/RP二维液相色谱中弱保留组分收集模式的构建及系统评价

以十通阀和捕集柱接口形式,构建了弱阴离子交换/反相(WAX/RP)二维液相色谱分离系统.通过将第一维离子交换色谱分析中的前部集中洗脱出的弱保留组分收集后单独分析,剩余样品进一步采用二维液相色谱分析,可以有效避免第二维色谱柱对特殊样品局部集中流出导致的第二维分离超柱容量问题,提高了系统的整体分离能力.使用4种蛋白胰蛋白酶酶解后的多肽样品评价该系统,在不分流的系统中共检测到115个峰.对第一维分离的前15 min分流后得到的组分单独分析,共识别出58个峰,后续的二维分离中共得到78个峰.2种方法相比,第二种方法检测峰数增加了21个,一些低丰度的组分在弱保留组分收集后被识别.     

Synthesis,optical, and structural properties of bisphenol-bridged aromatic cyclic phosphazenes

Phenoxy- and naphthoxy-substituted bisphenol-bridged cyclic phosphazenes were synthesized in 2 steps and their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The structures of the cyclic phosphazene compounds were determined by ESI-MS mass spectrometry and ¹ H, ¹³ C, and ³¹ P NMR spectroscopies. The photophysical studies of phenoxy- and naphthoxy-substituted bridged cyclophosphazenes were investigated by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in different solvents. Thermal and electrochemical properties of the target compounds were also studied. Furthermore, the excimer emissions through intramolecular interactions in solution and in solid state were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and the theoretical calculations were performed in detail using DFT.     

膜催化研究II. 多孔无要膜的制备与表征及其反应器对甲醇脱氢反应的促进作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了多孔氧化铝膜, 并通过DSC、TGA、SEM、N~2吸附和气体透过率测定等手段, 对膜的性能进行了表征。结果表明, 用这种方法制备的多孔氧化铝膜是一种均匀无裂痕和具有较窄孔径分布(约4nm)的膜材料。将此多孔氧化铝膜制成膜反应器后, 用于甲醇催化脱氢制甲醛的反应, 发现甲醇转化率比常规反应器有较大幅度的提高。同时首次尝试采用溶胶-凝胶法将催化活性组分直接负载到多孔氧化铝膜上, 从而得到了一种具有催化活性的多孔膜, 并考察了它的反应活性。文中对由这两种多孔膜及钯/陶瓷复合膜制成的反应器的特点进行了比较。     

柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-单重四极杆质谱法分析不同产地烤烟的20种游离氨基酸

为了分析烤烟中游离氨基酸含量与烤烟香型、产地的关系,以国内14个烟草种植省份的138个调制后的烤烟中部叶片为材料,采用柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-单重四极杆质谱法对烤烟中的20种游离氨基酸进行分析。方法表征结果显示该方法满足分析要求,适合烤烟中游离氨基酸的检测。对调制后烤烟中部叶片的游离氨基酸分析结果显示,烤烟的游离氨基酸含量在产地间差异很大（28.50%~94.20%）,其中天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺含量的相对标准偏差（RSD）超过80%;在3种典型香型（浓香型、清香型和中间香型）烤烟中,浓香型烤烟游离氨基酸含量的RSD大于其他两种香型。对同一香型的不同种植省份和同一省份不同香型的烤烟游离氨基酸分析结果显示,其含量呈现一定的规律。     

The Tannins from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae): A Systematic Study on the Metabolites of Rats Based on HPLC–LTQ–Orbitrap MS2 Analysis

Sanguisorba tannins are the major active ingredients in Sanguisorba ofJicinalis L. (Rosaceae), one of the most popular herbal medicines in China, is widely prescribed for hemostasis. In this study, three kinds of tannins extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae), and the metabolites in vivo and in vitro were detected and identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, coupled with linear ion trap orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–LTQ–Orbitrap). For in vivo assessment, the rats were administered at a single dose of 150 mg/kg, after which 12 metabolites were found in urine, 6 metabolites were found in feces, and 8 metabolites were found in bile, while metabolites were barely found in plasma and tissues. For in vitro assessment, 100 μM Sanguisorba tannins were incubated with rat liver microsomes, liver cytosol, and feces, after which nine metabolites were found in intestinal microbiota and five metabolites were found in liver microsomes and liver cytosol. Moreover, the metabolic pathways of Sanguisorba tannins were proposed, which shed light on their mechanism.     

蛋白质组学技术筛选与鉴定癫痫疾病的差异蛋白质

应用蛋白质组学双向凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2DE)和质谱技术, 定量分析和鉴定了癫痫组(n=3)和正常组(n=3)脑组织的差异表达蛋白, 以从蛋白质水平上揭示癫痫病的发机制. 结果表明, 凝胶图谱可辨识2500~3000个蛋白点, 对21个显著差异表达蛋白点进行质谱鉴定和SwissProt数据库检索, 得到17个癫痫差异蛋白, 其中2个蛋白在癫痫组织中表达上调, 15个蛋白表达下调. 部分蛋白与癫痫的关系属首次报道. 这些蛋白与癫痫的发生发展相关, 可能成为癫痫的分子标志物和药物治疗的靶向蛋白.