EMBEDDINGS INTO THE CATEGORY OF SUPER UNIFORM SPACES

Abstract

The category US of uniform spaces has been generalised in various ways. The category FUS, of fuzzy uniform spaces and the category GUS, of generalised uniform spaces have both been shown to be good extensions in the sense that US can be embedded into them. We show here that the category SUS, of super uniform spaces also enjoys this property and furthermore, the categories FUS and GUS can be embedded into SUS.     

SUPERCATEGORIES OF THE CATEGORY OF NEARNESS SPACES

Abstract

The framework in which nearness spaces were defined by H. Herrlich [1] and [2], leads one to consider the supercategory Pow of the category Near of nearness spaces, having as objects all pairs (X,ξ), where X is a set and ξ ? P(P(X)) is any subset of the power set of the power set of X, and as morphisms f: (X,ξ) → (Y,n) all functions f: X → Y such that, if A ? ξ then fA □ {f(A) | A ξ A} ? η. In this paper we show that the full subcategories of Pow comprising the objects satisfying subsets of the prenearness space axioms lie in a lattice of bireflections or bicoreflections. This serves as a first step towards the aim of characterizing all bireflective (resp. bicoreflective) and even all initially complete subcategories of Pow.     

HAUSDORFF NEARNESS SPACES

Abstract

A categorical characterization of the category Haus of Hausdorft topological spaces within the category Top of topological spaces is given. A notion of a Hausdorff nearness space is then introduced and it is proved that the resulting subcategory Haus Near of the category Near of nearness spaces fulfills exactly the same characterization as derived for Haus in Top. Properties of Haus Near and relations to other important sub-categories of Near are studied.     

NORMAL NEARNESS SPACES

A concept of normality for nearness spaces is introduced which agrees with the usual normality in the case of topological spaces, is hereditary, and is preserved under the taking of the nearness completion. It is proved that the nearness product of a regular contigual space and a normal nearness space is always normal. The locally fine nearness spaces are studied, particularly in relation to normality conditions.     

FACTORIZATIONS OF CONES ALONG A FUNCTOR

Abstract

First a general Galois correspondence is established, which generalizes at the same time the correspondence between classes of monomorphisms and injective objects and the correspondence between classes of epimorphisms and monomorphisms in a category. This correspondence arises naturally if one tries to generalize some concepts of “topological” or also of “algebraic” functors. Both kinds of functors admit certain factorizations of cones, and just this fact implies some of their common nice properties: lifting limits, continuity and faithfulness, for instance. These properties can be shown without having a left adjoint. Therefore the theory yields also applications to functors which are neither “topological” nor “algebraic”.     

PAIRWISE ALMOST COMPACT SPACES

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to investigate pairwise almost compact bitopological spaces. These spaces satisfy a bitopological compactness criterion which is strictly weaker than pairwise C-compactness and is independent of other well-known bitopological compactness notions. Pairwise continuous maps from such spaces to pairwise Hausdorff spaces are pairwise almost closed, the property is invariant under suitably continuous maps, is inherited by regularly closed subspaces and may be characterized in terms of certain covers as well as the adherent convergence of certain open filter bases. Some new natural bitopological separation axioms are introduced and in conjunction with pairwise almost compactness yield interesting results, including a sufficient condition for the bitopological complete separation of disjoint regularly closed sets by semi-continuous functions.     

Cartesian closed hull of the category of uniform spaces

A concrete category $\text{K}$ is a CCT (cartesian closed topological) extension of the category Unif of uniform spaces if 1. $\text{K}$ is cartesian closed, 2. Unif is a full, finitely productive subcategory of $\text{K}$ and the forgetful functor of $\text{K}$ extends that of Unif and 3. $\text{K}$ has initial structures. We describe the smallest CCT extension of Unif which is called the CCT hull by H. Herrlich and L.D. Nel. The objects of the CCT hull are bornological uniform spaces, i.e. uniform spaces endowed with a collection of “bounded” sets related naturally to the uniformity; the morphisms are the uniformly continuous maps which preserve the bounded sets.     

CARTESIAN CLOSEDNESS AND THE MCNEILLE COMPLETION OF AN INITIALLY STRUCTURED CATEGORY

Abstract

An adaptation of a theorem by Herrlich [5] shows that every initially structured category A can be fully embedded in a topological category A_C, which is, in fact, a MacNeille completion of A. It is then shown that A is Cartesian closed if and only if A_C is.

Also developed is the notion of a Cartesian closed initially structured (CCIS) hull of a category. The theory of the CCIS hull is analogous to that of the Cartesian closed topological (CCT) hull. It is proved that a category has a CCT hull-if and only if it has a CCIS hull; and this allows the list of conditions equivalent to the existence of a CCT hull to be supplemented.

Examples are given, drawn mainly from the various categories of binary relations.     

LEGENDRE TRANSFORMATIONS AND CARTAN FORMS IN THE CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS OF MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

ABSTRACT

(PART II): In terms of a given Hamiltonian function the 1-form w = dH + ?_j|dπ^j is defined, where {?_j:j = 1,…, n} denotes an invariant basis of the planes of the distribution D_n. The latter is said to be canonical if w = 0 (which is analogous to the definition of Hamiltonian vector fields in symplectic geometry). This condition is equivalent to two sets of canonical equations that are expressed explicitly in term of the derivatives of H with respect to its positional arguments. The distribution D_n is said to be pseudo-Lagrangian if dπ^j(?_j,V_h) = 0; if D_n, is both canonical and pseudo-Lagrangian it is integrable and such that H = const. on each leaf of the resulting foliation. The Cartan form associated with this construction [9] is defined a II = π² ? ? πⁿ. If π is closed, the distribution D_N is integrable, and the exterior system {π^j} admits the representation ψ^j = dS^j in terms of a set of 0-forms S^j on M. If, in addition, the distribution D_N is canonical, these functions satisfy a single first order Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and conversely. Finally, a complete figure is constructed on the basis of the assumptions that (i) the Cartan form be closed, and (ii) that the distribution D_n, be both canonical and integrable. The last of these requirements implies the existence of N functions ψ^A that depend on x^h and N parameters w^B, whose derivatives are given by ?ψ^A (x^h, w^B)/?x^j = B^A _j (x^h, ψ^B (x^h,w^B)). The complete figure then consists of two complementary foliations: the leaves of the first are described by the functions ψ^A and satisfy the standard Euler-Lagrange equations, while the second, that is, the transversal foliation, is represented by the aforementioned solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The entire configuration then gives rise in a natural manner to a generalized Hilbert independent integral and consequently also to a generalized Weierstrass excess function.     

Asymmetry and bicompletion of approach spaces

We develop a bicompletion theory for the category Ap₀ of T₀ approach spaces in the sense of Lowen [R. Lowen, Approach Spaces: The Missing Link in the Topology-Uniformity-Metric Triad, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997], which extends the completion theory obtained in [R. Lowen, K. Robeys., Completions of products of metric spaces, Quart. J. Math. Oxford 43 (1991) 319-338] for the subcategory of Hausdorff uniform approach spaces. Moreover, we prove it to be firmly epireflective (in the sense of [G.C.L. Brümmer, E. Giuli, A categorical concept of completion of objects, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 33 (1992) 131-147]) with respect to a certain morphism class of dense embeddings.     

A NOTION OF COMPLETENESS OF TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURES

A connector U on a space S is a function from S to the power set of S such that each x in s belongs to its image. The image of x is denoted by xU. In other words, the relation {(x,y): y ? xU, x ? S) is a reflexive binary relation. A space with a certain set of connectors is a generalization of topological spaces as well as uniform spaces. In this paper, a notion of completeness of such a space is introduced. This completeness corresponds to completeness of uniform spaces if a set of cannectors meets the conditions of uniformity. Compactness of topological Spaces is a special case of the completeness.     

BIFRAMES AND BISPACES

Abstract

The concept of a biframe is introduced. Then the known dual adjunction between topological spaces and frames (i.e. local lattices) is extended to one between bispaces (i.e. bitopological spaces) and biframes. The largest duality contained in this dual adjunction defines the sober bispaces, which are also characterized in terms of the sober spaces. The topological and the frame-theoretic concepts of regularity, complete regularity and compactness are extended to bispaces and biframes respectively. For the bispaces these concepts are found to coincide with those introduced earlier by J.C. Kelly, E.P. Lane, S. Salbany and others. The Stone-?ech compactification (compact regular coreflection) of a biframe is constructed without the Axiom of Choice.     

A counterexample for some problem for de Groot dual iterations

We prove that there is a topology τ that does not arise as a de Groot dual topology such that τd=τddd≠τdd?τ (i.e. the answer for Question 3.9 [M.M. Kovár, At most 4 topologies can arise from iterating the de Groot dual, Topology Appl. 130 (2003) 175-182] is negative).     

SOME RECENT RESULTS ON CATEGORIES OF R-SPACES AND PROBABILISTIC SPACES AND ON CATEGORICAL SPECTRA

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to present some recent results obtained by Romanian mathematicians in the field of general and categorical topology; second, to present some current research results obtained by the author in what may be called the topological study of a category. Accordingly, the paper is divided into two parts.

The author wishes to express his gratitude to the organizing committee of this Symposium for the kind invitation to present' this paper.     

CATEGORIES OF TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS

Abstract

This paper is a survey of recent (and some not so recent, results concerning categorical constructions on topological groups, with particular emphasis on free topological groups and coproducts (free products) of topological groups. An extensive bibliography is included.     

Geometric topological completions with universal final lifts

In this paper necessary and sufficient conditions are given on a concrete category over a category B so that it can be densely embedded (over B) into a geometric topological category E that admits certain universal final lifts. These conditions, as well as the class of universal final lifts, depend upon an a priori given full subcategory Δ of B. For example, E may have, depending upon Δ and B, universal coproducts or quotients or colimits. For appropriate Δ's, if B is cartesian closed then so is E.     

LOCAL COMPACTNESS IN SEMI-UNIFORM CONVERGENCE SPACES

Abstract

Local compactness is studied in the highly convenient setting of semi-uniform convergence spaces which form a common generalization of (symmetric) limit spaces (and thus of symmetric topological spaces) as well as of uniform limit spaces (and thus of uniform spaces). It turns out that it leads to a cartesian closed topological category and, in contrast to the situation for topological spaces, the local compact spaces are exactly the compactly generated spaces. Furthermore, a one-point Hausdorff compactification for noncompact locally compact Hausdorff convergence spaces is considered.¹     

Quotient-reflective and bireflective subcategories of the category of preordered sets

In previous papers, the notions of “closedness” and “strong closedness” in set-based topological categories were introduced. In this paper, we give the characterization of closed and strongly closed subobjects of an object in the category Prord of preordered sets and show that they form appropriate closure operators which enjoy the basic properties like idempotency (weak) hereditariness, and productivity.We investigate the relationships between these closure operators and the well-known ones, the up- and down-closures. As a consequence, we characterize each of T₀, T₁, and T₂ preordered sets and show that each of the full subcategories of each of T₀, T₁, T₂ preordered sets is quotient-reflective in Prord. Furthermore, we give the characterization of each of pre-Hausdorff preordered sets and zero-dimensional preordered sets, and show that there is an isomorphism of the full subcategory of zero-dimensional preordered sets and the full subcategory of pre-Hausdorff preordered sets. Finally, we show that both of these subcategories are bireflective in Prord.