COMMUTATIVE ALTERNATIVE RINGS: A CONSTRUCTION

In this paper, the authors establish a connection between commutative, alternative rings and Engel rings(of type 2), thereby providing a method for constructing commutative, alternative rings which are not associative.     

交换环上三角矩阵模间的线性保持映射(英文)

本文研究了交换环上三角矩阵模间的线性保持问题.利用矩阵计算技巧和局部化技巧,刻画了上三角矩阵T_n(R)上分别保持立方幂等,{1}逆,{1,2}逆和群逆的所有R模自同构集合中的元素,其中R是交换环.     

A NOTE ON POLYNOMIAL RINGS OVER VON NEUMANN REGULAR RINGS

Abstract

Let R be an associative ring with 1. It is well known (see [1], [2]) that if R is commutative, then R is Yon Neumann regular (VNR) <=> the polynomial ring S = R[x] is semihereditary. While one of these implications is true in the general case, it is known that a polynomial ring over a regular ring need not be semihereditary (see [3]). In [4] we showed that a ring R is VNR <=> aS + xS is projective for each a ε R. In this note we sharpen this result and use it to show that if c is the ring epimorphism from R[x] to R that maps each polynomial onto its constant term, then R is Yon Neumann regular <=> the inverse image (under c) of each principal (right, left) ideal of R. is a principal (right. left) ideal of R[x] generated by a regular element. (Here an element is regular if and only if it is a non zero-divisor).     

TRANSCENDENTAL AND ALGEBRAIC EXTENSIONS OF COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Abstract

Transcendental and algebraic elements over commutative rings are defined. Rings with zero nil radical are considered. For a transcendental over R, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for elements of R[α] to be algebraic or transcendental over R. For R a ring with identity and a finite number of minimal prime ideals, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for any element in a unitary overring of R to be algebraic or transcendental over R. It is proved that if α is algebraic Over R, so is every element of R[α]. It is show that if R is Noetherian, β is algebraic over R[α] and α is algebraic over R, then, under certain conditions, β is algebraic over R. If R has a finite number of minimal prime ideals, P₁,…,P_k, which are pairwise comaximal, then if t is transcendental over R, R[t] can be obtained by adjoining k algebraic elements a_i over R to R whose defining polynomials are in P_i [x], and conversely, if such elements are adjoined to R, they generate an element transcendental over R.     

CLOSED SUBMODULES OF NORMALIZING BIMODULES OVER SEMIPRIME RINGS

In this paper we study closed sub-bimodules of normalizing bimodules over semiprime rings. We extend the main results which are known for centred bimodules and several other results which are new even for centred bimodules are also obtained. In particular, we prove that the theorem on one-to-one correspondence between closed submodules obtained in former papers for centred bimodules is also true for normalizing bimodules. Finally, we give some applications of the main results.

     

GENERALISED IDEALS OF RINGS

Abstract

Using a general definition of a regularity for rings, F- and F- qausi-ideals of a ring are defined. These concepts are shown to be generalizations of ideals or one-sided ideals of a ring. An F-semi prime F—(F-quasi-) ideal of a ring R is also defined. F-regular rings are characterized in terms of F-semi prime F- (F-quasi-) ideals for a large class of polynomial regularities including some well known regularities. A more general characterization of the prime radical β(R) of a ring are given in terms of F—(F-quasi-) ideals.     

NOTES ON NILPOTENCY OF NIL SUBRINGS OF ENDOMORPHISM RINGS OF MODULES

Abstract

A family K of right R-modules is called a natural class if K is closed under submodules, direct sums, infective hulls, and isomorphic copies. The main result of this note is the following: Let K be a natural class on Mod-R and M ε K. If M satisfies a.c.c. (or d.c.c.) on the set of submodules {N ? M: M/N ε K}, then each nil subring of End(M_R ) is nilpotent.     

交换环上线性递归阵列的代数表示

设R是交换Noether环，R[X]是R上n个变元的多项式环，其中X＝（x1,…，xn），I是R[X]的理想，Zer(I)是R上的以I中的每个多项式为线性递归关系的n维阵列组成的集合，本文利用同调代数的观点，给出Zer(I）中阵列的代数表示，这些表示是域上序列的迹、母函数、状态矩阵等表示在形式和作用范围等方面的提炼、综合和推广，运用新的代数表示，并利用Groebner基理论，本文给出构造Zer(I)生成元的算法。     

Verallgemeinerung der Sätze von Johnson und Utumi auf Hom

Ohne Zusammenfassung

---

     

RADICALS OF STRUCTURAL MATRIX RINGS

The concept of a structural matrix ring was introduced by van Wyk [8]. In [9] certain radicals of these matrix rings are studied. The purpose of this paper is to obtain similar results for a wider class of radicals.     

CS Modules Relative to a Torsion Theory

In this article we introduce two new concepts, those of a τ-CS and a s-τ-CS module, which are both torsion-theoretic analogues of CS modules. We investigate their relationship with the familiar concepts of τ-injective, τ-simple and τ-uniform modules and compare them with τ-complemented (τ-injective) modules, which were considered by other authors as torsion-theoretic analogues of CS modules. We are interested in decomposing a relatively CS module into indecomposable submodules, and in determining when a direct sum of relatively CS modules is relatively CS. This paper forms part of the Ph.D. thesis of the first author, written under the supervision of the second author. The first author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Committee of New Zealand.     

THE REGULARITY DEGREE AND EPIMORPHISMS IN THE CATEGORY OF COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Elements of the universal (von Neumann) regular ring T(R) of a commutative semiprime ring R can be expressed as a sum of products of elements of R and quasi-inverses of elements of R. The maximum number of terms required is called the regularity degree, an invariant for R measuring how R sits in T(R). It is bounded below by 1 plus the Krull dimension of R. For rings with finitely many primes and integral extensions of noetherian rings of dimension 1, this number is precisely the regularity degree.

For each n ≥ 1, one can find a ring of regularity degree n + 1. This shows that an infinite product of epimorphisms in the category of commutative rings need not be an epimorphism.

Finite upper bounds for the regularity degree are found for noetherian rings R of finite dimension using the Wiegand dimension theory for Patch R. These bounds apply to integral extensions of such rings as well.     

On a characterization of complete matrix rings

Peter R. Fuchs established in 1991 a new characterization of complete matrix rings by showing that a ringR with identity is isomorphic to a matrix ringM _n (S) for some ringS (and somen 2) if and only if there are elementsx andy inR such thatx ^n–1 0,x ⁿ=0=y ²,x+y is invertible, and Ann(x ^n–1)Ry={0} (theintersection condition), and he showed that the intersection condition is superfluous in casen=2. We show that the intersection condition cannot be omitted from Fuchs' characterization ifn3; in fact, we show that if the intersection condition is omitted, then not only may it happen that we do not obtain a completen ×n matrix ring for then under consideration, but it may even happen that we do not obtain a completem ×m matrix ring for anym2.     

可换环上对角子群在上三角子群中的扩群

本文研究了含幺可换环上对角子群在上三角子群中的扩群.利用构造一些集合,获得了此扩群的形式.     

环上的典型的线性李代数的理想

设Ｒ是有１的交换环，本文证明了：当ｎ〉２时，ｓｌｎ（Ｒ）的理想都是标准的。当２∈Ｒ＾＊，ｎ〉３时，ｓｐｎ（Ｒ）与ｓｏｎ（Ｒ）的理想也都是标准的。     

THE ADDITIVE GROUPS OF RINGS WITH TOTALLY ORDERED LATTICE OF IDEALS

The object of this paper is to describe the additive groups of rings R satisfying the following condition: For any two ideals A,B in R either A u B, or B u A. Such rings will be called TOLI rings. The rings considered here are not necessarily associative or with identity.     

Induced liftings, exchange rings and semi-perfect algebras

Several important classes of rings can be characterized in terms of liftings of idempotents with respect to various ideals: classical examples are semi-perfect rings, semi-regular rings and exchange rings. We begin with a study of some extensions of the concept of idempotent lifting and prove the generalizations of some classical lifting theorems. Then we describe the method of induced liftings, which allows us to transfer liftings from a ring to its subrings. Using this method we are able to show that under certain assumptions a subring of an exchange ring is also an exchange ring, and to prove that a finite algebra over a commutative local ring is semi-perfect, provided it can be suitably represented in an exchange ring.     

An ensemble of idempotent lifting hypotheses

Lifting idempotents modulo ideals is an important tool in studying the structure of rings. This paper lays out the consequences of lifting other properties modulo ideals, including lifting of von Neumann regular elements, lifting isomorphic idempotents, and lifting conjugate idempotents. Applications are given for IC rings, perspective rings, and Dedekind-finite rings, which improve multiple results in the literature. We give a new characterization of the class of exchange rings; they are rings where regular elements lift modulo all left ideals.We also uncover some hidden connections between these lifting properties. For instance, if regular elements lift modulo an ideal, then so do isomorphic idempotents. The converse is true when units lift. The logical relationships between these and several other important lifting properties are completely characterized. Along the way, multiple examples are developed that illustrate limitations to the theory.