ANOTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF BICOREFLECTIVE SUBCATEGORIES

Abstract

In this paper, the relation between the notion of a discrete functor (see [4]) and the notion of a fine functor (see [1]) is examined. As a generalization of the notion of a F-fine object (see [1]), discrete functors T: A → X are used to define K-fine objects, where K is a class of A-objects. It is shown that if T is in addition semi-topological, then (as for F-fine objects in a topological category, see [1]) the class of K-fine objects determines a bicoreflective subcategory of A. Moreover, it is shown that in co-complete, co-(well-powered) categories, the existence of bicoreflective subcategories is equivalent to the existence of functors that are both discrete and semi-topological.     

On the characterization of radical and semisimple classes in categories

We define and characterize radical and semisimple classes in a category K which satisfies certain conditions. These conditions are such that K could be any of the categories of associative rings, groupsR-modules, topological spaces or graphs. Among others, the following is proved:.

A class of objects R in K is a radical class if and only if K is a cohereditary component class which is closed under extensions and with T ? R. A class of objects S in K is a semisimple class if and only if S is a hereditary class which is closed under subdirect embed-dings and extensions with T ? S.     

Galois Theory for Braided Tensor Categories and the Modular Closure

Given a braided tensor *-category with conjugate (dual) objects and irreducible unit together with a full symmetric subcategory we define a crossed product . This construction yields a tensor *-category with conjugates and an irreducible unit. (A *-category is a category enriched over Vect with positive *-operation.) A Galois correspondence is established between intermediate categories sitting between and and closed subgroups of the Galois group Gal( / )=Aut ( ) of , the latter being isomorphic to the compact group associated with by the duality theorem of Doplicher and Roberts. Denoting by the full subcategory of degenerate objects, i.e., objects which have trivial monodromy with all objects of , the braiding of extends to a braiding of iff . Under this condition, has no non-trivial degenerate objects iff = . If the original category is rational (i.e., has only finitely many isomorphism classes of irreducible objects) then the same holds for the new one. The category ≡ is called the modular closure of since in the rational case it is modular, i.e., gives rise to a unitary representation of the modular group SL(2,  ). If all simple objects of have dimension one the structure of the category can be clarified quite explicitly in terms of group cohomology.     

On the algebraicK-theory of infinite product categories

Although theK-theory functor on the category of symmetric monoidal categories preserves finite products for essentially trivial reasons, this is not so in the case of infinite products. In this paper, we show that in factK-theory does preserve infinite products, but for non-trivial reasons.Supported in part by NSF DMS 9209714.     

A note on admissibility of closed Galois structures

Abstract

We present a new admissibility theorem for Galois structures in the sense of G. Janelidze. It applies to relative exact categories satisfying a suitable relative modularity condition, and extends the known admissibility theorem in the theory of generalized central extensions. We also show that our relative modularity condition holds in every relative exact Goursat category.     

A theorem on aggregating classifications

Suppose that a group of individuals must classify objects into three or more categories, and does so by aggregating the individual classifications. We show that if the classifications, both individual and collective, are required to put at least one object in each category, then no aggregation rule can satisfy a unanimity and an independence condition without being dictatorial. This impossibility theorem extends a result that Kasher and Rubinstein (1997) proved for two categories and complements another that Dokow and Holzman (2010) obtained for three or more categories under the condition that classifications put at most one object in each category. The paper discusses an interpretation of its result both in terms of Kasher and Rubinstein’s group identification problem and in terms of Dokow and Holzman’s task assignment problem.     

Complete objects in categories

We introduce the notions of proto-complete, complete, complete^? and strong-complete objects in pointed categories. We show under mild conditions on a pointed exact protomodular category that every proto-complete (respectively complete) object is the product of an abelian proto-complete (respectively complete) object and a strong-complete object. This together with the observation that the trivial group is the only abelian complete group recovers a theorem of Baer classifying complete groups. In addition we generalize several theorems about groups (subgroups) with trivial center (respectively, centralizer), and provide a categorical explanation behind why the derivation algebra of a perfect Lie algebra with trivial center and the automorphism group of a non-abelian (characteristically) simple group are strong-complete.     

Ideals,radicals, and structure of additive categories

Simple and semisimple additive categories are studied. We prove, for example, that an artinian additive category is (semi)simple iff it is Morita equivalent to a division ring(oid). Semiprimitive additive categories (that is, those with zero radical) are those which admit anoether full, faithful functor into a category of modules over a division ringoid.     

NILPOTENCY,SOLVABILITY AND RADICALS IN CATEGORIES

Abstract

Nilpotent and solvable ideals are defined and investigated in categories. The relation between the prime radical and the sum of the solvable ideals (which is also a radical) is discussed in categories. For example: If an object satisfies the maximal condition for ideals, then the prime radical is equal to the sum of the solvable ideals. Certain generalizations of theorems in rings, groups, Lie algebras, etc. are also proven, for example: An ideal α: I → A is semiprime if and only if A/I contains no non-zero nilpotent ideals.     

Hölder categories

Hölder categories are invented to provide an axiomatic foundation for the study of categories of archimedean lattice-ordered algebraic structures. The basis of such a study is Hölder’s Theorem (1908), stating that the archimedean totally ordered groups are precisely the subgroups of the additive real numbers ? with the usual addition and ordering, which remains the single most consequential result in the studies of lattice-ordered algebraic systems since Birkhoff and Fuchs to the present. This study originated with interest in W*, the category of all archimedean lattice-ordered groups with a designated strong order unit, and the ?-homomorphisms which preserve those units, and, more precisely, with interest in the epireflections on W*. In the course of this study, certain abstract notions jumped to the forefront. Two of these, in particular, seem to have been mostly overlooked; some notion of simplicity appears to be essential to any kind of categorical study of W*, as are the quasi-initial objects in a category. Once these two notions have been brought into the conversation, a Hölder category may then be defined as one which is complete, well powered, and in which (a) the initial object I is simple, and (b) there is a simple quasi-initial coseparator R. In this framework it is shown that the epireflective hull of R is the least monoreflective class. And, when I = R — that is, the initial element is simple and a coseparator — a theorem of Bezhanishvili, Morandi, and Olberding, for bounded archimedean f-algebras with identity, can be be generalized, as follows: for any Hölder category subject to the stipulation that the initial object is a simple coseparator, every uniformly nontrivial reflection — meaning that the reflection of each non-terminal object is non-terminal — is a monoreflection. Also shown here is the fact that the atoms in the class of epireflective classes are the epireflective hulls of the simple quasi-initial objects. From this observation one easily deduces a converse to the result of Bezhanishvili, Morandi, and Olberding: if in a Hölder category every epireflection is a monoreflection, then the initial object is a coseparator.     

On a problem of Čech

Assuming CH (but we have stronger results) we partially solve a problem posed by E. ?ech. Kuratowski gave the axioms which a topological closure operator, ?, must satisfy. If we do not ask that ? be idempotent (i.e. that for all $\text{X,(?(X))=?(X)}$, then ? is known as a closure operator. E. ?ech asked if there is a nontrivial closure operator which is onto, that is, for which in some sense every subset of our ‘space’ is ‘closed’. We build such functions. The problem is also well motivated when presented in purely set theoretic terms.     

*-RINGS AND THEIR RADICALS

ABSTRACT

This paper is to investigate the class * of all prima rings without proper non-zero prima factors and to characterize the ‘minimal special radical’ containing the class * as well as the ‘maximal special radical’ the semisimple class of which contains the class *. This let us answer certain open questions put in [1] and [4].     

DISCRETE FUNCTORS

Abstract

The concept of a T-discrete object is a generalization of the notion of discrete spaces in concrete categories. In this paper. T-discrete objects are used to define discrete functors. Characterizations of discrete functors are given and their relation to other important functors are studied. A faithful functor T: A → X is discrete iff the full subcategory B of A consisting of all T-discrete objects is (X-iso)-coreflective in A. It follows that the existence of bicoreflective subcategories is equivalent to the existence of suitable discrete functors. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions are found such that for a given functor T: A → X, the full subcategory B of A consisting of all T-discrete A-objects is monocoreflective in A.     

INSTANCES AND RAMIFICATIONS OF THE SEMI-ADJOINT SITUATION I. PRESTABLE REFLECTION AND SYMMETRIC UNADS

Abstract

It is well known that there is a one to one correspondence between idempotent monads in a category and reflective subcategories. In this paper it is examined what replaces the reflective subcategory if the idempotent monad is replaced (a) by a monad and (b) by a symmetric unad. It is shown that in case (a) one obtains the weakly reflective subcategory of objects injective relative to the functor part of the monad. In case (b) one obtains a proto-reflection and it is shown that (for complete categories) the associated orthogonal subcategory is reflective if and only if there exists a free monad associated to the unad.     

On epireflective and coreflective hulls of a particular L-topological space

In this paper, we study some aspects of the category L-ZTop of zero-dimensional L-topological spaces. After noting that it is a topological category, we identify a ‘Sierpinski object’ L_Z in it. We further show that two epireflective hulls of L_Z respectively turn out to be the categories of zero-dimensional T₀-L-topological spaces and of zero-dimensional sober L-topological spaces. We also determine the coreflective hull of L_Z in the category of L-topological spaces.     

On unitary down-closed regular monomorphisms of pomonoid actions

Abstract

In this paper we characterize injective objects in the category of S-posets and S-poset maps for a pomonoid S, with respect to the class of unitary down-closed embeddings. Also, the behaviour of this notion of injectivity with respect to products and coproducts is studied. Then we introduce the notion of weakly regular d-injectivity in arbitrary slices of the category of S-posets, which is applied to investigate the Baer criterion. Finally we present an example to show that these objects are not regular injective, in general.     

FACTORIZATIONS OF CONES ALONG A FUNCTOR

Abstract

First a general Galois correspondence is established, which generalizes at the same time the correspondence between classes of monomorphisms and injective objects and the correspondence between classes of epimorphisms and monomorphisms in a category. This correspondence arises naturally if one tries to generalize some concepts of “topological” or also of “algebraic” functors. Both kinds of functors admit certain factorizations of cones, and just this fact implies some of their common nice properties: lifting limits, continuity and faithfulness, for instance. These properties can be shown without having a left adjoint. Therefore the theory yields also applications to functors which are neither “topological” nor “algebraic”.     

Splitting and conjoining objects in monotopological categories

Power-sets are defined for any concrete category (over Set) with finite concrete products, and their structure described for monotopological categories. These sets are used to define the notions of splitting object and of conjoining object. Characterizations of the existence of these objects in monotopological categories are given. It is proved that no proper monotopological category can be concretely cartesian closed. Most well-known monotopological categories with splitting objects are topological or are c-categories, but it is shown that there are many proper monotopological categories which are not c-categories, and yet have splitting objects, and may even be cartesian closed. One of the characterizations of the existence of splitting objects is used to prove that a monotopological category with splitting objects is cartesian closed iff the largest initial completion in which it is epireflective is cartesian closed iff its MacNeille completion is cartesian closed.     

Subtractive Categories

We introduce a notion of a subtractive category. It generalizes the notion of a pointed subtractive variety of universal algebras in the sense of A. Ursini. Subtractive categories are closely related to Mal’tsev and additive categories: (i) a category C with finite limits is a Mal’tsev category if and only if for every object X in C the category Pt(X)=((X,1_X)↓(C↓X)) of “points over X” is subtractive; (ii) a pointed category C with finite limits is additive if and only if C is subtractive and half-additive.Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 18C99, 18E05, 08B05.     

Detecting inefficiently managed categories in a retail store

Growth in operational complexity is a worldwide reality in the retail industry. One of the most tangible expressions of this phenomenon is the vast increase in the number of products offered. To cope with this problem, the industry has developed the ‘category management’ approach, in which groups of products with certain common characteristics are grouped together into ‘categories’, managed as if they were independent business units. In this paper, we propose a model to evaluate relative category performance in a retail store, considering they might have different business objectives. Our approach is based on Data Envelopment Analysis techniques and requires a careful definition of the resources that categories use to contribute to achieving their business objectives. We illustrate how to use our approach by applying it to the evaluation of several categories in a South American supermarket. The empirical results show that, even for very conservative assumptions, the model has a significant discriminatory power, identifying 25% of the sample as not operating efficiently. Although efficiency scores might exhibit a relatively large dispersion, the set of efficient units is robust to data variations.