驻波激光场中囚禁离子的线性熵和量子态转移研究

运用量子纠缠和线性熵理论,研究了驻波激光场中囚禁离子的线性熵和量子态转移.讨论了相干角、离子的相对位相、离子与驻波激光场之间的耦合强度以及失谐量、Lamb-Dicke参数对离子线性熵的影响.结果表明,在一定的条件下可以实现囚禁离子的内态到振动态的相干转移,线性熵随时间的演化呈现非周期性的振荡行为.离子线性熵的最大值随着相干角、离子与激光场之间的耦合强度以及失谐量的增大而减小,随着Lamb-Dicke参数的增大而增大.并且可以通过调节驻波激光场来调节离子与驻波激光场之间的耦合强度和失谐量,从而达到对离子线性熵的控制与操纵,理论上提供了一种调控纠缠的方式.     

驻波激光场中囚禁离子的线性熵和量子态转移研究

运用量子纠缠和线性熵理论,研究了驻波激光场中囚禁离子的线性熵和量子态转移。讨论了相干角、离子的相对位相、离子与驻波激光场之间的耦合强度以及失谐量、Lamb-Dicke参数对离子线性熵的影响。结果表明,在一定的条件下可以实现囚禁离子的内态到振动态的相干转移,线性熵随时间的演化呈现非周期性的振荡行为。离子线性熵的最大值随着相干角、离子与激光场之间的耦合强度以及失谐量的增大而减小,随着Lamb-Dicke参数的增大而增大。并且可以通过调节驻波激光场来调节离子与驻波激光场之间的耦合强度和失谐量,从而达到对离子线性熵的控制与操纵,理论上提供了一种调控纠缠的方式。     

囚禁离子非线性Jaynes-Cummings模型量子场熵演化特性

利用VonNeuuman量子约化熵理论研究了驻波激光场与囚禁在谐振势中的离子单量子共振相互作用系统中量子场熵的时间演化特性,通过数值计算详细讨论了Lamb-Dick参数、离子质心在驻波激光场中的位置以及囚禁离子初始状态对量子场熵演化特性的影响.结果表明:Lamb-Dick参数影响囚禁离子与驻波激光场之间量子纠缠的频率和幅度,其值越大离子与光场之间的平均纠缠程度越低;随着离子质心从驻波激光场的波节向波腹移动,二者之间量子纠缠的振荡频率逐渐变慢,纠缠强度逐渐减弱;随着囚禁离子处于激发态概率的减小,离子与光场之间的量子纠缠呈现先增强后减弱的变化趋势.这些特性对于纠缠态的制备以及利用囚禁离子进行量子通讯等信息处理过程有一定的参考价值.     

高斯型耦合多光子Tavis-Cummings模型中场与原子的纠缠特性

利用全量子理论,研究了多光子跃迁过程高斯型耦合Tavis-Cummings模型中场与原子的纠缠特性。讨论了多光子原子运动速度、光场初态的平均光子数及跃迁光子数对场与原子之间纠缠特性的影响。结果表明:原子运动速度的变化改变了场熵演化曲线的振荡时域;光场初态影响场熵演化曲线的周期性;跃迁光子数的增加使场熵演化曲线的振荡频率和场与原子之间的平均纠缠度变大。     

与两等同Bell态纠缠原子相互作用光场的量子场熵

利用全量子理论,并通过数值计算,研究了初始处于Fock态的单模光场与两等同双能级纠缠原子单光子共振相互作用过程中单模光场量子场熵的时间演化特性.结果发现:当两原子初始处于第一种Bell态时,光场量子场熵的时间演化周期为π/g2(2n+1);随着初始光强的增大,光场与原子之间的量子纠缠现象减弱;特别是当时间t为演化周期的整数倍时,场－原子系统处于退纠缠状态.当两原子初始处于第二种Bell态时,光场量子场熵不随时间变化,恒为零.当两原子初始分别处于第三种和第四种Bell态时,光场量子场熵的时间演化曲线呈现不等幅周期振荡现象;并且随着初始光场光子数的增加,光场量子场熵的振荡周期逐渐增大,但振荡幅值逐渐减小.     

驻波激光场中囚禁离子内外自由度熵的演化特性

从描述囚禁离子与驻波激光场相互作用的Jaynes-Cummings（J-C）模型出发,导出了囚禁离子谐振动单量子共振激发相互作用的非线性J-C模型。通过求解这一模型下系统态和离子系统熵的演化规律,数值研究了囚禁离子的熵演化与Lamb-Dick参数  、离子在驻波激光场中的位置以及初始声子强度之间的关系。结果表明,离子熵的演化呈现非周期性的振荡。随着参数  的增大,囚禁离子熵演化的振荡频率变大,囚禁离子内外自由度退纠缠的时间变短。当离子质心的位置从驻波激光场的波节移向波腹,囚禁离子熵演化的振荡频率变小,离子与声子自由度退纠缠的时间变长。如果初始声子场强度较小,离子熵随时间的演化强烈地表现为不规则的振荡,且振荡频率较大;随着初始声子场强度变大,离子熵的演化类似于J-C模型中的场熵演化,不规则的振荡频率逐渐变小。     

两纠缠原子与光场相互作用系统场熵演化特性

研究了两纠缠原子与相干态光场相互作用系统场熵的时间演化特性,运用全量子力学理论和数值方法,讨论了初始两原子所处的纠缠状态、纠缠度和腔内光场的强弱对场熵的影响.随着光场平均光子数的增加,系统场熵均值和振荡频率增大;光场较弱时,场熵呈现一定的周期性振荡;光场增强后,场熵呈现出周期性的崩塌与回复,且随初始两原子纠缠度的增加,场熵的振幅增大.     

Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用的场熵演化特性

运用全量子理论研究了初始处于Bell态(对称迭加态或反对称态)的两原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用系统中场熵的演化特性. 分析了光场强度、光场纠缠度及原子间相互作用强度对场熵演化特性的影响. 结果表明：原子初态处于反对称态时,场熵始终为零;原子初态处在对称迭加态时,增大光场强度场熵的时间演化曲线逐渐变成较规则的振荡曲线,原子间的相互作用强度对双原子间纠缠度有显著的非线性调制作用.     

Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用的场熵演化特性

运用全量子理论研究了初始处于Bell态(对称迭加态或反对称态)的两原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用系统中场熵的演化特性. 分析了光场强度、光场纠缠度及原子间相互作用强度对场熵演化特性的影响. 结果表明：原子初态处于反对称态时,场熵始终为零;原子初态处在对称迭加态时,增大光场强度场熵的时间演化曲线逐渐变成较规则的振荡曲线,原子间的相互作用强度对双原子间纠缠度有显著的非线性调制作用.     

Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用的场熵演化特性

运用全量子理论研究了初始处于Bell态(对称迭加态或反对称态)的两原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用系统中场熵的演化特性. 分析了光场强度、光场纠缠度及原子间相互作用强度对场熵演化特性的影响. 结果表明：原子初态处于反对称态时,场熵始终为零;原子初态处在对称迭加态时,增大光场强度场熵的时间演化曲线逐渐变成较规则的振荡曲线,原子间的相互作用强度对双原子间纠缠度有显著的非线性调制作用.     

Entanglement of Formation of an Arbitrary State of Two Rebits

We consider entanglement for quantum states defined in vector spaces over the real numbers. Such real entanglement is different from entanglement in standard quantum mechanics over the complex numbers. The differences provide insight into the nature of entanglement in standard quantum theory. Wootters [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2245 (1998)] has given an explicit formula for the entanglement of formation of two qubits in terms of what he calls the concurrence of the joint density operator. We give a contrasting formula for the entanglement of formation of an arbitrary state of two rebits, a rebit being a system whose Hilbert space is a 2-dimensional real vector space.     

Robust Quantum Search with Uncertain Number of Target States

The quantum search algorithm is one of the milestones of quantum algorithms. Compared with classical algorithms, it shows quadratic speed-up when searching marked states in an unsorted database. However, the success rates of quantum search algorithms are sensitive to the number of marked states. In this paper, we study the relation between the success rate and the number of iterations in a quantum search algorithm of given λ=M/N, where M is the number of marked state and N is the number of items in the dataset. We develop a robust quantum search algorithm based on Grover–Long algorithm with some uncertainty in the number of marked states. The proposed algorithm has the same query complexity ON as the Grover’s algorithm, and shows high tolerance of the uncertainty in the ratio M/N. In particular, for a database with an uncertainty in the ratio M±MN, our algorithm will find the target states with a success rate no less than 96%.     

Decomposition Properties of Quantum Discord

The quantum discord was introduced by Ollivier,Zurek,Henderson,and Vedral as an indicator of the degree of quantumness of mixed states.In this paper,we provide a decomposition condition for quantum discord.Moreover,we show that under the condition,the quantum correlations between the quantum systems can be captured completely by the entanglement measure.Finally,we present examples of our conclusions.     

Security proof of counterfactual quantum cryptography against general intercept-resend attacks and its vulnerability

Counterfactual quantum cryptography,recently proposed by Noh,is featured with no transmission of signal particles.This exhibits evident security advantages,such as its immunity to the well-known photon-number-splitting attack.In this paper,the theoretical security of counterfactual quantum cryptography protocol against the general interceptresend attacks is proved by bounding the information of an eavesdropper Eve more tightly than in Yin’s proposal [Phys.Rev.A 82 042335(2010)].It is also shown that practical counterfactual quantum cryptography implementations may be vulnerable when equipped with imperfect apparatuses,by proving that a negative key rate can be achieved when Eve launches a time-shift attack based on imperfect detector efficiency.     

Information Complexity of Quantum Gates

This paper considers the realizability of quantum gates from the perspective of information complexity. Since the gate is a physical device that must be controlled classically, it is subject to random error. We define the complexity of gate operation in terms of the difference between the entropy of the variables associated with initial and final states of the computation. We argue that the gate operations are irreversible if there is a difference in the accuracy associated with input and output variables. It is shown that under some conditions the gate operation may be associated with unbounded entropy, implying impossibility of implementation. PACS number: 03.65     

Effects of Spatial Nonlocality versus Nonlocal Causality for Bound Electrons in External Fields

Using numerically exact solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation together with time-dependent quantum Monte Carlo (TDQMC) calculations, here we compare the effects of spatial nonlocality versus nonlocal causality for the ground state and for real-time evolution of two entangled electrons in parabolic potential in one spatial dimension. It was found that the spatial entanglement quantified by the linear quantum entropy is predicted with good accuracy using the spatial nonlocality, parameterized naturally within the TDQMC approach. At the same time, the nonlocal causality predicted by the exact solution leads to only small oscillations in the quantum trajectories which belong to the idler electron as the driven electron is subjected to a strong high frequency electric field, without interaction between the electrons.     

Implementation of Quantum Fourier Transform and Its Applications via Quantum-Dot Spins and Microcavity

A scheme for implementing discrete quantum Fourier transform is proposed via quantum dots embedded in a microcavity, and then some of its applications are investigated, i.e., Deutsch 3ozsa. algorithm and Shor＇s quantum factoring. In particular, the detailed process of implementing one~qubit Deutsch Jozsa algorithm and the factorization of N = 15 are given. The microcavity mode is only virtually excited in the whole interaction, so the effective decoherent has slight effect on the current scheme. These schemes would be an important step to fabricate a solid quantum computer.