Copies of c 0 in the space of Pettis integrable functions with integrals of finite variation

Let (Ω,Σ,μ) be a complete finite measure space and X a Banach space. If all X-valued Pettis integrals defined on (Ω,Σ,μ) have separable ranges we show that the space of all weakly μ-measurable (classes of scalarly equivalent) X-valued Pettis integrable functions with integrals of finite variation, equipped with the variation norm, contains a copy of?c ₀ if and only if X does.     

COMPLEMENTED COPIES OF c 0 IN THE SPACE OF PETTIS INTEGRABLE FUNCTIONS

Abstract

Let X be a Banach space containing a copy of c0, then the space of Pettis integrable functions defined from any perfect atomless measure space to X, contains a complemented copy of c0.     

The weak McShane integral

We present a weaker version of the Fremlin generalized McShane integral (1995) for functions defined on a σ-finite outer regular quasi Radon measure space (S,Σ, T, µ) into a Banach space X and study its relation with the Pettis integral. In accordance with this new method of integration, the resulting integral can be expressed as a limit of McShane sums with respect to the weak topology. It is shown that a function f from S into X is weakly McShane integrable on each measurable subset of S if and only if it is Pettis and weakly McShane integrable on S. On the other hand, we prove that if an X-valued function is weakly McShane integrable on S, then it is Pettis integrable on each member of an increasing sequence (S _l ) _l?1 of measurable sets of finite measure with union S. For weakly sequentially complete spaces or for spaces that do not contain a copy of c ₀, a weakly McShane integrable function on S is always Pettis integrable. A class of functions that are weakly McShane integrable on S but not Pettis integrable is included.     

On Pettis Integrability

Assuming that (Ω, Σ, μ) is a complete probability space and X a Banach space, in this paper we investigate the problem of the X-inheritance of certain copies of c ₀ or l_￥\ell _\infty in the linear space of all [classes of] X-valued μ-weakly measurable Pettis integrable functions equipped with the usual semivariation norm.     

Sets which are dense in the space of all Pettis integrable functions

Using the examples given by S.J. Dilworth and M. Girardi, we prove that the set of all nowhere Pettis differentiable functions is a G _δ -dense set in the space of all X-valued Pettis integrable functions on [0, 1]. Also an another example of a dense set in the space of all Pettis integrable functions is given.     

THE COMPLETENESS PROBLEM IN SPACES OF PETTIS INTEGRABLE FUNCTIONS

Abstract

Two subspaces of the space of Banach space valued Pettis integrable functions are considered: the space P(μ, X, var) of Pettis integrable functions with integrals of finite variation in a Banach space X and LLN(μ,X,var), the space of functions satisfying the law of large numbers. It is proved that LLN(μ,X*,var) is always complete and P(μ, X*,var) is complete if Martin's axiom and the perfectness of μ are assumed. Moreover, a non-trivial example of a non-conjugate Banach space X with non-complete P(μ, X, var) is presented.     

Birkhoff integral for multi-valued functions

The aim of this paper is to study Birkhoff integrability for multi-valued maps , where (Ω,Σ,μ) is a complete finite measure space, X is a Banach space and cwk(X) is the family of all non-empty convex weakly compact subsets of X. It is shown that the Birkhoff integral of F can be computed as the limit for the Hausdorff distance in cwk(X) of a net of Riemann sums ∑_nμ(A_n)F(t_n). We link Birkhoff integrability with Debreu integrability, a notion introduced to replace sums associated to correspondences when studying certain models in Mathematical Economics. We show that each Debreu integrable multi-valued function is Birkhoff integrable and that each Birkhoff integrable multi-valued function is Pettis integrable. The three previous notions coincide for finite dimensional Banach spaces and they are different even for bounded multi-valued functions when X is infinite dimensional and X∗ is assumed to be separable. We show that when F takes values in the family of all non-empty convex norm compact sets of a separable Banach space X, then F is Pettis integrable if, and only if, F is Birkhoff integrable; in particular, these Pettis integrable F's can be seen as single-valued Pettis integrable functions with values in some other adequate Banach space. Incidentally, to handle some of the constructions needed we prove that if X is an Asplund Banach space, then cwk(X) is separable for the Hausdorff distance if, and only if, X is finite dimensional.     

Geometrical implications of the existence of very smooth bump functions in Banach spaces

We show that ifX is a Banach space and if there is a non-zero real-valuedC ^∞-smooth function onX with bounded support, then eitherX contains an isomorphic copy ofc ₀(N), or there is an integerk greater than or equal to 1 such thatX is of exact cotype 2k and, in this case,X contains an isomorphic copy ofl ^2k(N). We also show that ifX is a Banach space such that there is onX a non-zero real-valuedC ⁴-smooth function with bounded support and ifX is of cotypeq forq<4, thenX is isomorphic to a Hilbert space.     

On Henstock–Kurzweil and McShane integrals of Banach space-valued functions

This paper deals with the relation between the McShane integral and the Henstock–Kurzweil integral for the functions mapping a compact interval into a Banach space X and some other questions in connection with the McShane integral and the Henstock–Kurzweil integral of Banach space-valued functions. We prove that if a Banach space-valued function f is Henstock–Kurzweil integrable on I₀ and satisfies Property (P), then I₀ can be written as a countable union of closed sets E_n such that f is McShane integrable on each E_n when X contains no copy of c₀. We further give an answer to the Karták's question.     

Asymptotically isometric copies of c0 and l in certain Banach spaces

If X is a separable Banach space, then X∗ contains an asymptotically isometric copy of l¹ if and only if there exists a quotient space of X which is asymptotically isometric to c₀. If X is an infinite-dimensional normed linear space and Y is any Banach space containing an asymptotically isometric copy of c₀, then L(X,Y) contains an isometric copy of l^∞. If X and Y are two infinite-dimensional Banach spaces and Y contains an asymptotically isometric copy of c₀, then contains a complemented asymptotically isometric copy of c₀.     

Weak continuity of Riemann integrable functions in Lebesgue-Bochner spaces

In general, Banach space-valued Riemann integrable functions defined on [0, 1] （equipped with the Lebesgue measure） need not be weakly continuous almost everywhere. A Banach space is said to have the weak Lebesgue property if every Riemann integrable function taking values in it is weakly continuous almost everywhere. In this paper we discuss this property for the Banach space LX^1 of all Bochner integrable functions from [0, 1] to the Banach space X. We show that LX^1 has the weak Lebesgue property whenever X has the Radon-Nikodym property and X＊ is separable. This generalizes the result by Chonghu Wang and Kang Wan [Rocky Mountain J. Math., 31（2）, 697-703 （2001）] that L^1[0, 1] has the weak Lebesgue property.     

Vitali type convergence theorems for Banach space valued integrals

Let(Ω,Σ,μ)be a complete probability space and let X be a Banach space.We introduce the notion of scalar equi-convergence in measure which being applied to sequences of Pettis integrable functions generates a new convergence theorem.We also obtain a Vitali type I-convergence theorem for Pettis integrals where I is an ideal on N.     

Embedding c<Subscript>0</Subscript> in bvca(Σ, <Emphasis Type="Italic">X</Emphasis>)

If (Ω,Σ) is a measurable space and X a Banach space, we provide sufficient conditions on Σ and X in order to guarantee that bvca(Σ, X) the Banach space of all X-valued countably additive measures of bounded variation equipped with the variation norm, contains a copy of c₀ if and only if X does. This work was supported by the project MTM2005-01182 of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, co-financed by the European Community (Feder projects).     

The Denjoy extension of the Riemann and Mcshane integrals

In this paper we study the Denjoy-Riemann and Denjoy-McShane integrals of functions mapping an interval [a, b] into a Banach space X. It is shown that a Denjoy-Bochner integrable function on [a, b] is Denjoy-Riemann integrable on [a, b], that a Denjoy-Riemann integrable function on [a, b] is Denjoy-McShane integrable on [a, b] and that a Denjoy-McShane integrable function on [a, b] is Denjoy-Pettis integrable on [a, b]. In addition, it is shown that for spaces that do not contain a copy of c ₀, a measurable Denjoy-McShane integrable function on [a, b] is McShane integrable on some subinterval of [a, b]. Some examples of functions that are integrable in one sense but not another are included.     

On c-realcompact spaces

Abstract

The c-realcompact spaces are fully studied and most of the important and well-known properties of realcompact spaces are extended to these spaces. For a zero-dimensional space X, the space υ₀X, which is the counterpart of υX, the Hewitt realcompactification of X, is introduced and studied. It is shown that υ₀X, which is the smallest c-realcompact space between X and β₀X, plays the same role (with respect to C_c(X)) as υX does in the context of C(X). It is proved for strongly zero-dimensional spaces, c-realcompact spaces, realcompact spaces and N-compact spaces coincide. In particular, if X is a strongly zero-dimensional space, then υX = υ₀X. It is obsesrved that a zero-dimensional space X is pseudocompact if and only if C_c(X) = C*_c(X), or equivalently if and only if υ₀X = β₀ X. In particular, a zero-dimensional pseudocompact space is compact if and only if it is c-realcompact. It is shown that Lindelöf spaces, subspaces of the one-point compactification (resp., Lindelöffication) of a discrete space with a nonmeasurable cardinal, are c-realcompact space. If X is a pseudocompact space, it is observed that C(X) = C_c(X) if and only if βX is scattered. Finally, the simplest possible proof (with reasoning) among the known proofs, of the well-known fact that discrete spaces of cardinality less than or equal to that of the continuum are realcompact, is given.     

The Pettis integral for multi-valued functions via single-valued ones

We study the Pettis integral for multi-functions defined on a complete probability space (Ω,Σ,μ) with values into the family cwk(X) of all convex weakly compact non-empty subsets of a separable Banach space X. From the notion of Pettis integrability for such an F studied in the literature one readily infers that if we embed cwk(X) into ?_∞(BX^∗) by means of the mapping defined by j(C)(x^∗)=sup(x^∗(C)), then j○F is integrable with respect to a norming subset of B?_∞^∗(BX^∗). A natural question arises: When is j○F Pettis integrable? In this paper we answer this question by proving that the Pettis integrability of any cwk(X)-valued function F is equivalent to the Pettis integrability of j○F if and only if X has the Schur property that is shown to be equivalent to the fact that cwk(X) is separable when endowed with the Hausdorff distance. We complete the paper with some sufficient conditions (involving stability in Talagrand's sense) that ensure the Pettis integrability of j○F for a given Pettis integrable cwk(X)-valued function F.     

Strong Dunford–Pettis Sets and Spaces of Operators

Bibasic sequences of Singer are used to show that ℓ₁ embeds complementably in the Banach space X if and only if X^* contains a non-relatively compact strong Dunford–Pettis set. Spaces of operators and strongly additive vector measures are also discussed. An erratum to this article is available at .     

A Characterization of Schauder Frames Which Are Near-Schauder Bases

A basic problem of interest in connection with the study of Schauder frames in Banach spaces is that of characterizing those Schauder frames which can essentially be regarded as Schauder bases. In this paper, we give a solution to this problem using the notion of the minimal-associated sequence spaces and the minimal-associated reconstruction operators for Schauder frames. We prove that a Schauder frame is a near-Schauder basis if and only if the kernel of the minimal-associated reconstruction operator contains no copy of c ₀. In particular, a Schauder frame of a Banach space with no copy of c ₀ is a near-Schauder basis if and only if the minimal-associated sequence space contains no copy of c ₀. In these cases, the minimal-associated reconstruction operator has a finite dimensional kernel and the dimension of the kernel is exactly the excess of the near-Schauder basis. Using these results, we make related applications on Besselian frames and near-Riesz bases.     

Measurable selectors and set-valued Pettis integral in non-separable Banach spaces

Kuratowski and Ryll-Nardzewski's theorem about the existence of measurable selectors for multi-functions is one of the keystones for the study of set-valued integration; one of the drawbacks of this result is that separability is always required for the range space. In this paper we study Pettis integrability for multi-functions and we obtain a Kuratowski and Ryll-Nardzewski's type selection theorem without the requirement of separability for the range space. Being more precise, we show that any Pettis integrable multi-function F:Ω→cwk(X) defined in a complete finite measure space (Ω,Σ,μ) with values in the family cwk(X) of all non-empty convex weakly compact subsets of a general (non-necessarily separable) Banach space X always admits Pettis integrable selectors and that, moreover, for each A∈Σ the Pettis integral coincides with the closure of the set of integrals over A of all Pettis integrable selectors of F. As a consequence we prove that if X is reflexive then every scalarly measurable multi-function F:Ω→cwk(X) admits scalarly measurable selectors; the latter is also proved when (X^∗,w^∗) is angelic and has density character at most ω₁. In each of these two situations the Pettis integrability of a multi-function F:Ω→cwk(X) is equivalent to the uniform integrability of the family . Results about norm-Borel measurable selectors for multi-functions satisfying stronger measurability properties but without the classical requirement of the range Banach space being separable are also obtained.     

A theorem of Riesz type with Pettis integrals in topological vector spaces

Let X be a locally convex Hausdorff space and let C₀(S,X) be the space of all continuous functions f:S→X, with compact support on the locally compact space S. In this paper we prove a Riesz representation theorem for a class of bounded operators T:C₀(S,X)→X, where the representing integrals are X-valued Pettis integrals with respect to bounded signed measures on S. Under the additional assumption that X is a locally convex space, having the convex compactness property, or either, X is a locally convex space whose dual X^′ is a barrelled space for an appropriate topology, we obtain a complete identification between all X-valued Pettis integrals on S and the bounded operators T:C₀(S,X)→X they represent. Finally we give two illustrations of the representation theorem proved, in the particular case when X is the topological dual of a locally convex space.