ON ADJUNCTIONS INDUCING THE SAME MONAD

ABSTRACT

Consider an adjunction <F,U;n,c>: K. → A, T = <T,n,u> the monad it induces in K and ø: A → K^T the comparison functor, K^T being the category of T-algebras. By ø*: Proj U → Proj U^T we denote the restriction and co-restriction of ø to the subcategories of U-projective and U^T -projective objects, respectively. In this paper we deal with the following problem, raised by R.-E. Hoffmann in [5] 1.16 (b):

Assuming that ø* is an equivalence of categories when is it possible to find a category C and a right adjoint functor V: C → K inducing the same monad T in K, and a full reflective embedding E: A → K, such that:

(1) V.E = U.

(2) ø = ø'. E for the comparison functor ø': C → K^T .

(3) F'X is contained (via E) in A, for each K-object X, F' being the left adjoint of V.

(4) ø': C → K^T has a full and faithful left adjoint L'.

We prove that there exists a pair (C,V) satisfying the conditions of the problem, with A an isomorphism-closed subcategory of C, such that:

(5) For all C ? Obj C the reflection map r_C: C → A is ø'-initial.

We also prove that this pair (C,V) is the universal solution satisfying condition (5), i.e. if (C_i,V_i) is a pair satisfying conditions (1)-(5) with E_i: A → C₂ the embedding and L_i left adjoint to the comparison functor ø_i: C_i K^T then there exists a unique full and faithful functor H_i: C → C_i such that H. E = E_i and H_i. L'—L_i. Moreover the universal solution is uniquely determined up to isomorphisms of categories and natural isomorphisms of functors. Finally, we study a particular situation and find, within the solutions of the problem satisfying two further conditions, the lease and the largest element. We conclude the paper with an example of this situation.     

VARIETAL HULLS OF FUNCTORS

Abstract

The well known characterizations of equational classes of algebras with not necessaryly finitary operations by FELSCHER [6.7] and of categories of A-algebras for algebraic theories A in the sense of LINTON [10], esp., by means of their forgetful functors are the foundations of a concept of varietal functors U:K → L over arbitrary basecategories L. They prove to be monadic functors which satisfy an additional HOM-condition [17]. (In the case L = Set this condition is always fulfilled, see LINTON [11].)

Contrary to monadic functors, varietal functors are closed under composition. Pleasent algebraic properties of the base-category L can be ‘lifted’ along varietal functors, such as e.g. factorization properties, (co-) completeness, classical isomorphism theorems, etc.

By means of the well known EILENBERG-MOORE-algebras there is a universal monadic functor U^T:L ^T → L for any functor U: K → L, having a left adjoint F (T: = UF). But, in general, UT is not varietal. Under some suitable conditions, however it is possible, to construct a canonical varietal functor ?:R → L, the varietal hull of U. This hull has much more interesting (algebraic) properties than the EILENBERG-MOORE construction. Moreover, results of BANASCHEWSKI-HERRLICH [2] are extended.     

Graph expansions of unipotent monoids

Margolis and Meakin use the Cayley graph of a group presentation to construct E-unitary inverse monoids [11]. This is the technique we refer to as graph expansion. In this paper we consider graph expansions of unipotent monoids, where a monoid is unipotent if it contains a unique idempotent. The monoids arising in this way are E-unitary and belong to the quasivariety of weakly left ample monoids. We give a number of examples of such monoids. We show that the least unipotent congruence on a weakly left ample monoid is given by the same formula as that for the least group congruence on an inverse monoid and we investigate the notion of proper for weakly left ample monoids.

Using graph expansions we construct a functor F^e from the category U of unipotent monoids to the category PWLA of proper weakly left ample monoids. The functor F^e is an expansion in the sense of Birget and Rhodes [2]. If we equip proper weakly left ample monoids with an extra unary operation and denote the corresponding category by PWLA ⁰ then regarded as a functor U→PWLA ⁰ F^e is a left adjoint of the functor F^σ : PWLA ⁰ → U that takes a proper weakly left ample monoid to its greatest unipotent image.

Our main result uses the covering theorem of [8] to construct free weakly left ample monoids.     

SHAPE AND INDUCED REPRESENTATIONS

Abstract

Let K: P → T be a fixed functor. A criterion is given for a functor M': T → V to be a (right) Kan extension along K of some functor M: P → V. The functors M having a given M' as Kan extension are, in general, classified by continuous functors (V ^P)^o → V. We introduce a notion of system of imprimitivity, generalizing that of Mackey; when the shape category of K is codense in the systems of imprimitivity classify the functors H having M' as Kan extension. As a special case one obtains Mackey's Imprimitivity Theorem for finite groups.     

量子群的基变换与范畴同构

令Ｍ是Ｚ［ｖ］的由ｖ－１和奇素数ｐ生成的理想，Ｕ是Ａ＝Ｚ［ｖ］Ｍ上相伴于对称Ｃａｒｔａｎ矩阵的量子群， Ａ－Γ是环同态， Ｕг＝ＵＡΓ［Ｕг］是Ｕг的量子坐标代数，本文建立了量子坐标代数的基变换：即在相关约束条件下有Г－Ｈｏｐｆ同构 Ａ［Ｕ］ＡГ≌Г［Ｕг］．我们证明了有限秩 Ａ自由 １型可积 Ｕ模范畴和有限秩 Ａ自由 Ａ［Ｕ］余模范畴是同构的．特别，当 Г是域时，局部有限 １型 Ｕг模范畴和Г［Ｕг］余模范畴是同构的．最后，我们还证明了在［１］中定义的诱导函子和Ｂ．Ｐａｒｓｈａｌｌ与王建磐博士在［２］中研究的诱导函子的一致性．     

ALGEBRAIC HULLS OF ADJOINT FUNCTORS AS INJECTIVE HULLS

Abstract

For each adjoint functor U: A → X where X is an (?, M)-category having enough ?-projectives, we construct an (?, M)-algebraic hull E: (A, U) → (Â, Û), i.e., (Â, Û) is (epsiv; M)-algebraic and E has a certain denseness property. We show that there is a conglomerate of functors over X with respect to which the (? M)-algebraic categories are exactly the injective objects and characterize (? M)-algebraic hulls as injective hulls.     

AN AXIOMATIC APPROACH TO CATEGORIES OF TOPOLOGICAL ALGEBRAS

Abstract

Consider a commuting square of functors TV = GU where G is an algebraic functor over sets (in the sense of Herrlich), and T and U are (regular epi, monosource)—topological and fibre small. Such a square is called a Topological Algebraic Situation (TAS) when the following two conditions are satisfied:

1. if h: UA → UB and g: VA → VB are morphisms with Gh = Tg, there exists a morphism f: A → B such that Uf = h and Vf = g;

2. V carries U-initial monosources into T-initial mono-sources.

The functor V has many nice properties which shed light on the blending of the “topology” and “algebra”; e.g., V is a topologically algebraic functor in the sense of Y.H. Hong. An ([Etilde],[Mtilde]) version of O. Wyler's “Taut Lift Theorem” is used to show that the existence of a left adjoint to V is related to Condition (ii). It is also shown that certain topological algebraic reflections arise as Topological Algebraic Situations from algebraic and topological surjective reflections.     

INSTANCES AND RAMIFICATIONS OF THE SEMI-ADJOINT SITUATION II. THE COMPARISON FUNCTOR

Abstract

If a functor U has a left co-unadjoint then U can be factored through a category of semad algebras. An analogue of the Beck monadicity theory is obtained. If R is a ring without a left unit but satisfying R² = R then the category of unitary left R-modules need not be monadic over Set. The forgetful functor has, however, a left co-unadjoint for which a comparison functor is an equivalence of categories. Another example of a semadic functor is obtained by composing the forgetful functor from Abelian groups to Set with the doubling functor. The semi-adjoint situations in the senses of Medvedev and Davis are examined.     

The use of piecewise polynomial interpolation to generate best L1 approximates

For a locally convex space E and f :E→R¯, we introduce and study surrogate conjugate functionals of f, which en¬compass the quasi-conjugates [1] , pseudo-conjugates [2] and semi-conjugates [3] of f. Also, we introduce and study surro¬gate convexity of sets GcE and of functionals f:E→R¯ and show their connections with surrogate conjugation and with W-conve-xity of sets [4] and of functionals [5], where WcR¯^E. We outline some further developments (surrogate conjugates at a point, surrogate subdifferentials) and an application to optimization. A basic role is played by the concept of a universally defined multifunction A:RXE^*→2^E     

EXPONENTIABLE MONOMORPHISMS

Abstract

A morphism a: A → X in c is exponentiable if it is so as an object of the comma category C/X, that is: if the functor—x a: C/X → C/X, given by pullback, has a right adjoint. It is shown that the class of all exponentiable monomorphisms enjoys several pleasant properties which can be derived from formal properties of pullback complements.     

Some geometric aspects of the calculus of fractions

We give necessary and sufficient conditions on class S of maps of a category C so that a good calculus of fractions is possible in C[S ^-1], and a geometric characterization of the communitative diagrams in the category of fractions. These conditions are also described simply in terms of Grothendiek topologies.We characterize the categories which arise in this manner by the fact that the functor C C[S ^-1] is uniformly flat and give some applications of this result.     

THOUGHTS ON THE CANTOR-BERNSTEIN THEOREM

The usual proofs of the well-known set-theoretical theorem “Given one-one maps f: A → B and g:B → A, there exists a one-one onto map h:A → B” actually produce a map h:A → B contained in the relation f U g^?1. Considering Tarski's Fixpoint Theorem as the implicit basic ingredient of such proofs. We examine several classical proofs/starting with Dedekind (1887), and illuminate their common feature by means of the categorical notion of a natural fixpoint. We consider a categorical form (CBT) of the theorem (with h ? f Ug^?1) in a variety of contexts, obtaining some examples of categories where CBT holds and others where it fails. Among other results we prove for a topos E, (1) CBT holds if E is Boolean, and conversely if E has a natural number object; (2) The Axiom of Choice in E implies a dual version of CBTI and conversely if E has splitting supports and a natural number object.     

TOPOLOGICAL CATEGORIES AND CLOSURE OPERATORS

Abstract

It is shown that the category CS of closure spaces is a topological category. For each epireflective subcategory A of a topological category X a functor F _A :X → X is defined and used to extend to the general case of topological categories some results given in [4], [5] and [10] for epireflective subcategories of the category Top of topological spaces.     

Complete harmonic stable minimal hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold

In this paper, we will introduce the notion of harmonic stability for complete minimal hypersurfaces in a complete Riemannian manifold. The first result we prove, is that a complete harmonic stable minimal surface in a Riemannian manifold with non-negative Ricci curvature is conformally equivalent to either a plane R ² or a cylinder R × S ¹, which generalizes a theorem due to Fischer-Colbrie and Schoen [12]. The second one is that an n ≥ 2-dimensional, complete harmonic stable minimal, hypersurface M in a complete Riemannian manifold with non-negative sectional curvature has only one end if M is non-parabolic. The third one, which we prove, is that there exist no non-trivial L ²-harmonic one forms on a complete harmonic stable minimal hypersurface in a complete Riemannian manifold with non-negative sectional curvature. Since the harmonic stability is weaker than stability, we obtain a generalization of a theorem due to Miyaoka [20] and Palmer [21]. Research partially Supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. The author’s research was supported by grant Proj. No. KRF-2007-313-C00058 from Korea Research Foundation, Korea. Authors’ addresses: Qing-Ming Cheng, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan; Young Jin Suh, Department of Mathematics, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, South Korea     

GRAPHIC EXTENSIONS OF MAPPINGS

ABSTRACT

Given a mapping f: X → Y and an extension e: X → [Xtilde] of X, the restriction of the projection Π: [Xtilde] X Y → Y to the closure of the graph of f in [Xtilde] X Y is called the graphic extension of f with respect to e. It is shown that this approach is widely applicable to various types of topological extensions of mappings found in the literature and often gives simpler proofs of their existence, properties, and results relating to them.     

Brown representability for the dual

Let T be the homotopy category of all spectra. Brown proved that a homological functor H: T ^{o p} → Ab is representable if it takes coproducts to products. That is, the functors [−,h] may be characterised as the homological functors taking coproducts to products. In this article, we will prove the dual. A covariant functor H:T → Ab which takes products to products is representable; it is of the form [h,−]. Oblatum 10-VII-1997 & 23-VII-1997     

The spherical spectrum of a graded ring

We introduce a functor Sph, the spherical spectrum, which assigns to a graded ringG a space Sph(G) of homogeneous orderings ofG. It combines ideas of concrete geometry in theN-sphere defined by positively homogeneous polynomial equations and inequalities with the abstract notion of the real spectrum of a ring to give a counterpart for real semialgebraic geometry of the functor Proj.     

A NOTE ON LEFT STROUGLY NIL AND LEFT STROUGLY NILPOTENT

Abstract

In [2] van der Walt called a left ideal L of a ring A, left strongly nil, if given 1 ε L and k ε K, K a left ideal. there is an n such that (1+k)ⁿ ε K. L is called left strongly nilpotent if for any left ideal K there exists an m such that (L+K)^m ? K. In this paper we will prove that if A is a left artinian ring (not necessarily with unity) then every left strongly nil left ideal is left strongly nilpotent. This result is a generalization of the main theorem of [2].