TheT-ideal generated by the standard identitys 3[x 1,x 2,x 3]

LetK = T_o(s₃), {c_n} its codimensions, {l_n} its colengths and {Χ_n} its sequence of co-characters. For 9≦n, c_n =2n - 1 or c_n =n(n + l)/2- 1, 3≦l_n ≦4 and χ_n =[n] + 2[n-1,1] + α[n-2,2] + β[2²,1^n?4] where α + β≦l.     

A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BAND OF KERNEL OPERATORS

ABSTRACT

In this note we present a characterization of the band of kernel operators in the abstract setting of Riesz spaces. Under the assumptions that E is an Archimedean Riesz space and F a Dedekind complete Riesz space separated by its ex= tended order continuo88 dual, we obtain a characterization of the band (E_oo ? F)^dd in terms of (sequentially) star or= der continuous operators.     

On the Decomposition of the Riesz Operator and the Expansion of the Riesz Semigroup

For a Riesz operator T on a reflexive Banach space X with nonzero eigenvalues denote by E(λ_i; T) the eigen-projection corresponding to an eigenvalue λ_i. In this paper we will show that if the operator sequence is uniformly bounded, then the Riesz operator T can be decomposed into the sum of two operators T_p and T_r: T = T_p + T_r, where T_p is the weak limit of T_n and T_r is quasi-nilpotent. The result is used to obtain an expansion of a Riesz semigroup T(t) for t ≥ τ. As an application, we consider the solution of transport equation on a bounded convex body.     

On tree census and the giant component in sparse random graphs

For each of the two models of a sparse random graph on n vertices, G(n, # of edges = cn/2) and G(n, Prob (edge) = c/n) define t_n(k) as the total number of tree components of size k (1 ≤ k ≤ n). the random sequence {[t_n(k) - nh(k)]n^?1/2} is shown to be Gaussian in the limit n →∞, with h(k) = k^k?2c^k?1e^?kc/k! and covariance function being dependent upon the model. This general result implies, in particular, that, for c> 1, the size of the giant component is asymptotically Gaussian, with mean nθ(c) and variance n(1 ? T)^?2(1 ? 2Tθ)θ(1 ? θ) for the first model and n(1 ? T)^?2θ(1 ? θ) for the second model. Here Te^?T = ce^?c, T<1, and θ = 1 ? T/c. A close technique allows us to prove that, for c < 1, the independence number of G(n, p = c/n) is asymptotically Gaussian with mean nc^?1(β + β²/2) and variance n[c^?1(β + β²/2) ?c^?2(c + 1)β²], where βe^β = c. It is also proven that almost surely the giant component consists of a giant two-connected core of size about n(1 ? T)β and a “mantle” of trees, and possibly few small unicyclic graphs, each sprouting from its own vertex of the core.     

Designs of ϕ-optimal control for second-order processes

Consider a realization of the process on the intervalT=[0,1] for functionsf ₁(t),f ₂(t),...,f _n (t) inH(R), the reproducing kernel Hilbert space with reproducing kernelR(s,t) onT×T, whereR(s,t)=E[ξ(s)ξt)] is assumed to be continuous and known. Problems of the selection of functions {f _k (t)} _k=1 ⁿ to be ϕ-optimal design are given, and an unified approach to the solutions ofD-,A-,E- andD _s-optimal design problems are discussed.     

On lattice properties of the composition operator

The vector space £_b(E) of all order bounded linear operators on a Dedekind complete Riesz space E is both a Riesz space and an algebra. This note investigates the degree of compatibility between the algebraic and lattice structures of £_b(E). Two of the main results are the following:

1. An operator on a Banach lattice with an order continuous norm factors through the lattice operations if and only if it is an interval preserving Riesz homotnorphism.
2. A Dedekind complete Banach lattice E has an order continuous norm if and only if 0≤T_n ↑ T in £_b(E) implies T _n ² ↑ T².

     

There are no de bruijn sequences of span n with complexity 2n − 1 + n + 1

If s = (s₀, s₁,…, s_2ⁿ?1) is a binary de Bruijn sequence of span n, then it has been shown that the least length of a linear recursion that generates s, called the complexity of s and denoted by c(s), is bounded for n ? 3 by 2^{n ? 1} + n ? c(s) ? 2ⁿ ?1. A numerical study of the allowable values of c(s) for 3 ? n ? 6 found that all values in this range occurred except for 2^n?1 + n + 1. It is proven in this note that there are no de Bruijn sequences of complexity 2^n?1 + n + 1 for all n ? 3.     

Some relations betweens-numbers of operators on Banach spaces

We considers-number sequences {s _n (T)} _n=1 ^∞ of linear and continuous operatorsT on Banach spaces and prove product formulas for the operator ideals ? _p,u ^(s) . Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between the eigenvalues of a Riesz operator and its Hilbert numbers.     

INJECTIVE RESOLVENTS AND PREENVELOPES

Abstract

Let R be a noetherian ring, and denote the full subcategories of R-modules L such that Extⁱ(E,L)=0 for all injective R-modules E for 1?i?n and O?i?n by C_n, and C′_n respectively. Then LεC_n, if and only if every injective resolution of L is an injective resolvent of the nth cosyzygy. In this case, L is not injective if and only if its injective dimension is greater than n. If LεC′_n and idN?n. then Hom(N,L)=0 for all R-modules N. As an application, let K_n be the nth syzygy of an injective resolvent of the nth cosyzygy of an R-module N, then there exists a homomorphism φ:N → K such that ((φ,i_N), K_n ? E(N)) and (φ,K_n) are preenvelopes of N for C_s and C′_s respectively, for s≥n. If the global dimension of R is at most 2, then C′₁ is reflective in the category of R-modules.     

The combinatorial structure of (m,n)-convex sets

LetS be a closed subset of a Hausdorff linear topological space,S having no isolated points, and letc _s (m) denote the largest integern for whichS is (m,n)-convex. Ifc _s (k)=0 andc _s (k+1)=1, then $$ c_s \left( m \right) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^k {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\left[ {\frac{{m + k - i}} {k}} \right]} \\ 2 \\ \end{array} } \right)} $$ . Moreover, ifT is a minimalm subset ofS, the combinatorial structure ofT is revealed.     

Completion of merotopic spaces and extension of uniformly continuous maps

A general Riesz merotopic space (X, ν) determines a not necessarily topological closure operator c_ν on X. The space (X, ν) is said to be complete if every cluster on (X, ν) is contained in an adherence grill on (X, c_ν). We discuss a method of obtaining a large class of completions of a given Riesz merotopic space with induced T₁ closure space. As special cases we get the simple completion, which induces a simple closure space extension, and the strict completion, which induces a strict closure space extension. We show that the category of complete separated T₁ Riesz merotopic spaces is epireflective in the category of separated T₁ Riesz merotopic spaces, the reflection of an object being the simple completion. Similarly the category of complete clan-covered quasi-regular T₁ Riesz merotopic spaces is epireflective in the category of clan-covered quasi-regular T₁ Riesz merotopic spaces, the reflection of an object being the strict completion.     

ON A PROJECTION THEOREM FOR MULTIFUNCTIONS

Abstract

Let (T,μ) be a complete measurable space, u a Suslin space and B(u) the Borel σ-algebra of u. The projection theorem, see for example [3], p. 75, states that if the set A belongs to the σ-algebra generated by the class μ x B(U), then its projection P_T(A) belongs to the σ-algebra μ. The aim of this note is to show that the projection theorem fails if (T,μ) is incomplete.     

Construction of Williamson type matrices

Recent advances in the construction of Hadamard matrices have depeaded on the existence of Baumert-Hall arrays and four (1, ?1) matrices A B C Dof order m which are of Williamson type, that is they pair-wise satisfy

i) MN^T = NM^T , ∈ {A B C D} and

ii) AA^T + BB^T + CC^T + DD^T = 4mI_m .

It is shown that Williamson type matrices exist for the orders m = s(4 ? 1)m = s(4s + 3) for s∈ {1, 3, 5, …, 25} and also for m = 93. This gives Williamson matrices for several new orders including 33, 95,189.

These results mean there are Hadamard matrices of order

i) 4s(4s ?1)t, 20s(4s ? 1)t,s ∈ {1, 3, 5, …, 25};

ii) 4s(4:s + 3)t, 20s(4s + 3)t s ∈ {1, 3, 5, …, 25};

iii) 4.93t, 20.93t

for

t ∈ {1, 3, 5, … , 61} ∪ {1 + 2 ^a 10 ^b 26 ^c a b c nonnegative integers}, which are new infinite families.

Also, it is shown by considering eight-Williamson-type matrices, that there exist Hadamard matrices of order 4(p + 1)(2p + l)r and 4(p + l)(2p + 5)r when p ≡ 1 (mod 4) is a prime power, 8ris the order of a Plotkin array, and, in the second case 2p + 6 is the order of a symmetric Hadamard matrix. These classes are new.     

Local solvability of the cauchy problem of a fifth-order nonlinear dispersive equation

The solvability of the fifth-order nonlinear dispersive equation δtu＋au （δxu）^2＋βδx^3u＋γδx^5u = 0 is studied. By using the approach of Kenig, Ponce and Vega and some Strichartz estimates for the corresponding linear problem,it is proved that if the initial function u0 belongs to H^5（R） and s〉1/4,then the Cauchy problem has a unique solution in C（[-T,T],H^5（R）） for some T〉0.     

On the regular growth of Dirichlet series absolutely convergent in a half-plane

For the Dirichlet series F(s) = ?_{n = 1}^￥ a_nexp{ sl_n } F(s) = \sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {{a_n}\exp \left\{ {s{\lambda_n}} \right\}} with abscissa of absolute convergence σ _a =0, we establish conditions for (λ _n ) and (a _n ) under which lnM( s, F ) = T_R( 1 + o(1) )exp{ r_R

Alcune proprietà di una classe di procedimenti iterativi approssimati connessi con trasformazioni più generali delle contrazioni,in uno spazio metrico

Summary In this paper, we study a class of iterative processes of the type y_n+1 =T_ny_n, which approximate the iterative processes x_n+1 =Tx_n, where T and T_n are more general operators than contractions in a metric space.

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Entrata in Redazione il 27 marzo 1969.

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Istituto Matematico ?U. Dini?, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 67/a Firenze. Lavoro eseguito in relazione al Contratto N^o 115.3050.0.5189 del Comitato per la Matematica del C.N.R. nel corso dell'anno accademico 1968–69.     

Zeta measures and Thermodynamic Formalism for temperature zero

We address the analysis of the following problem: given a real Hölder potential f defined on the Bernoulli space and μ _f its equilibrium state, it is known that this shift-invariant probability can be weakly approximated by probabilities in periodic orbits associated to certain zeta functions. Given a Hölder function f > 0 and a value s such that 0 < s < 1, we can associate a shift-invariant probability ν _s such that for each continuous function k we have $ \int {kd} v_s = \frac{{\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {\sum\nolimits_{x \in Fix_n } {e^{sf^n (x) - nP(f)\frac{{k^n (x)}} {n}} } } }} {{\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {\sum\nolimits_{x \in Fix_n } {e^{sf^n (x) - nP(f)} } } }}, $ , where P(f) is the pressure of f, Fix _n is the set of solutions of σ ⁿ (x) = x, for any n ∈ ?, and f ⁿ (x) = f(x) + f(σ (x)) + … + f(σ ^n?1(x)). We call νs a zeta probability for f and s, because it can be obtained in a natural way from the dynamical zeta-functions. From the work of W. Parry and M. Pollicott it is known that ν _s → µ _f , when s → 1. We consider for each value c the potential c f and the corresponding equilibrium state μ _cf . What happens with ν _s when c goes to infinity and s goes to one? This question is related to the problem of how to approximate the maximizing probability for f by probabilities on periodic orbits. We study this question and also present here the deviation function I and Large Deviation Principle for this limit c → ∞, s → 1. We will make an assumption: for some fixed L we have lim _{c→∞, s→1} c(1 ? s) = L > 0. We do not assume here the maximizing probability for f is unique in order to get the L.D.P.     

Su una condizione di fattorialità debole e l’annullamento del gruppo di Picard

Summary We give some characterizations of noetherian domains A such that ? every irreducible element generates a primary ideal ?. This condition, called (α)-property, is equivalent to the unique factorization if A is normal or a polynomial ring A=B[T]. If A is a1-dimensional k-algebra, the property (α) is equivalent to the vanishing of some Picard groups asPicA,Pic (A[T, T⁻¹]),Pic (A|T|_s), where S={Tⁿ, n εZ}. We give not trivial examples of (α)-rings which aren’t factorial.

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Entrata in Redazione il 6 febbraio 1976.

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Lavoro eseguito nell’ambito della sezione n. 3 del G.N.S.A.G.A. del C.N.R.     

Compactness of support of solutions to nonlinear second-order elliptic and parabolic equations in a half-cylinder

We study equations of the form $$\begin{gathered} u_{tt} + Lu + b(x,t)u_t = a(x,t)\left| u \right|^{\sigma - 1} u, \hfill \\ - u_t + Lu = a(x,t)\left| u \right|^{\sigma - 1} u \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ , whereL is a uniformly elliptic operator and 0<σ<1. In the half-cylinder II_0,∞={(x, t):x= (x ₁,...,x _n )∈ ω,t>0}, where ? ? ? _n is a bounded domain, we consider solutions satisfying the homogeneous Neumann condition forx∈?ω andt>0. We find conditions under which these solutions have compact support and prove statements of the following type: ifu(x, t)=o(t ^γ) ast→∞, then there exists aT such thatu(x, t)≡0 fort>T. In this case γ depends on the coefficients of the equation and on the exponent σ.     

Variations of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map and deformation boundary rigidity of simple 2-manifolds

The Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DN) map Λ_g: C^∞ (?M) → C^∞(?M) on a compact Riemannian manifold (M, g) with boundary is defined by Λ_gh = ?u/?v¦in{t6M}, where u is the solution to the Dirichlet problem Δu = 0, u¦?M = h and v is the unit normal to the boundary. If g^t = g + t? is a variation of the metric g by a symmetric tensor field ?, then Λ_g ^t = Λ_g + tΛ_? + o(t). We study the question: How do tensor fields ? look like for which Λ_? =0? A partial answer is obtained for a general manifold, and the complete answer is given in the two cases: For the Euclidean metric and in the 2D-case. The latter result is used for proving the deformation boundary rigidity of a simple 2-manifold.