烟酰胺辅酶反应中心结构选择1,4-二氢烟酰胺的热力学和动力学根源

合成了对位取代的1-苯基-1,4-二氢烟酰胺和对位取代的1-苯基-1,2-二氢烟酰胺作为烟酰胺辅酶两种模型物, 分别测定了它们与N-甲基吖啶正离子反应热和活化吉布斯自由能. 通过对其热力学参数和动力学参数的比较发现, 虽然1,2-二氢烟酰胺辅酶模型物与吖啶正离子反应热力学驱动力大于相应的1,4-二氢烟酰胺辅酶模型物与吖啶正离子反应热力学驱动力, 但前者具有很高的活化熵, 从而导致其活化吉布斯自由能反而大于后者. 表明烟酰胺辅酶NADH反应中心结构在其氧化还原循环进化过程中选择1,4-二氢烟酰胺而不是1,2-二氢烟酰胺的根本原因是烟酰胺辅酶反应中心结构二氢吡啶环2位上的氢原子较4位上的氢原子有较大的空间位阻.     

辅酶NADH模型物还原反应动力学的核磁共振研究

辅酶 NADH模型物还原反应机理研究长期以来一直是物理有机化学领域令人感兴趣的课题 [1～ 3 ] ,其中对于反应动力学的研究因其对推论反应机理的重要性而受到重视 .我们 [4 ,5] 曾报道过辅酶 NADH模型物 N -苄基 - 1 ,4-二氢烟酰胺 (BNAH)与 2 -溴 - 1 -苯基亚乙基丙二腈 (BPM)的还原脱溴环丙烷化反应 ,通过紫外 -可见光谱法测定了该反应的反应速率常数、同位素效应等动力学方面的结果 .然而紫外 -可见光谱法本身有一定的缺陷 ,例如 ,由于反应物在紫外 -可见光谱中的吸收峰可能互相重叠 ,有时会观察不到产物和中间体的形成 ;或者有时…     

辅酶NADH模型物在不对称氢化中的研究进展

辅酶NADH模型物在有机合成中的应用一直是有机化学研究的一个热点.近来,辅酶NADH模型物结合一些手性催化剂在C=C、C=N和C=O键不对称氢化还原中的研究更是吸引了许多科学家的注意,本文综述这一领域的最近研究进展.     

β-D-葡萄糖残基负载的水溶性NADH辅酶模型物的设计与合成

以烟酸为起始原料,设计并合成了一系列葡萄糖残基负载的水溶性NADH辅酶模型物,其结构经1H NMR表征.     

NAD（P）H辅酶模型物结构与反应性关系的研究

合成了一系列３－酰胺基氮取代的ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）Ｈ模型物,测定了其与５－硝基异喹啉正离子的二级反应速度常数,并一模型物的氧化还原电势进行了比较,实验结果表明,模型闰酰基氧－方面可离域二氢吡啶环上Ｎ的电子;另一方面负一的３－位酰基氧在反应过渡态中又可引起分子内和分子间的两种静电作用;３－位酰基的电子效应对模型物动力学反应性的影响是这两种效应综合作用的结果。     

BNAH还原质子化N—芳基芴亚胺反应的热力学及机理研究

利用热力学循环方法，通过ｐＫ和有关电化学数据的测定，首次得到了ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）Ｈ的辅酶模型物（ＢＮＡＨ）按不机理还原质子化Ｎ－芳基芴亚胺的各基元步骤的自由能变化，结合得到的同位素标纪结果，从热力学趋动力的角度区分了氢负离子的转移机理。     

改进的缔合物模型优化模拟KCl-MgCl2,KCl-FeCl2熔盐体系

改进的缔合物模型中缔合平衡的求解过程被简化,使其能够同时优化更广范围的热力学数据,包括量热、emf和相图等等数据,将其应用于KCl-MgCl2和KCl-FeCl2熔盐体系,从已有的热力学数据优化出合理的溶液模型参数,由该模型推算溶液的热力学性质,结果显示改进的缔合物模型能够很好地描述熔盐体系的非理想性质.     

二氢青蒿素-碱基拼合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以二氢青蒿素为先导化合物,设计并合成15个二氢青蒿素-碱基拼合物(LA01～LA13,LB01,LB02),化合物结构经¹HNMR和ESI-MS表征。采用MTT法测定LA和LB系列化合物对乳腺癌MDA-MB-436和T47D细胞株的体外抗增殖活性。结果表明,化合物LA13和LB01对三阴乳腺癌MDA-MB-436细胞有显著抑制活性,其IC₅₀值分别为5.32μmol·L^-1和2.54μmol·L^-1。     

过渡金属-配体σ键键能在碳-氢键活化中的应用

过渡金属催化的碳-氢(C-H)键活化因其优异的原子经济性及步骤简便性在过去几十年间蓬勃发展,已成为当前构建复杂化合物最常用的策略之一.对该过程中活性中间体的热力学研究有助于加深人们对反应机理的理解,指导新催化剂、新反应的理性设计.然而,近年来该领域的发展颇为缓慢,相应的报道十分零散,缺少系统的归纳和总结.本综述简要梳理...     

钾长石矿热分解过程的研究

研究了钾长石矿热分解过程的反应行为和动力学.对6种钾长石体系进行了热力学分析,计算了各反应在800～1600K的△G_T⁰,并以此指导实验.研究了焙烧温度、停留时间和助剂配比对钾长石体系热分解为水溶性钾的影响,得出最佳操作条件.添加0.9%添加剂Ⅰ能使适宜焙烧温度由1323K降至1223K,钾分解率可达84%.不加与加入添加剂Ⅰ的2种钾长石体系热分解过程皆符合克-金-布动力学方程,均受固膜扩散控制,表观活化能分别为184.84kJ/mol和158.9kJ/mol,并给出相应的动力学方程.     

手性NADH模型的研究新进展

ＮＡＤＨ／ＮＡＤ＾＋是生物代谢过程中一种重要的辅酶。其氧化态在生物燃料分了降解过程中作为电子受体被还原；其还原态生物合成过程中作为一种绝妙的手性还原剂，为生物大分子 提供电子和自由能。     

辅酶NADH与色氨酸共振能量转移的荧光动力学研究

采用时间相关单光子计数技术, 结合紫外-可见吸收光谱和稳态荧光光谱, 对不同环境下的色氨酸和辅酶还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)之间的共振能量转移荧光动力学进行了研究. 单体色氨酸、 牛血清白蛋白以及乳酸脱氢酶蛋白与NADH之间相互作用的光谱数据表明, 只有存在NADH结合位点的乳酸脱氢酶和NADH之间发生了荧光共振能量转移. 进一步通过加入丙酮酸来阻断乳酸脱氢酶和NADH之间的荧光共振能量转移通道, 时间分辨荧光光谱和衰减相关光谱(DAS)证实, 蛋白结合位点的存在是NADH和色氨酸之间发生荧光共振能量转移的前提条件. DAS揭示了乳酸脱氢酶平均荧光寿命的减小主要是源于色氨酸中7.35 ns的荧光寿命成分与NADH之间的荧光共振能量转移, 同时给出了NADH和色氨酸之间的能量转移效率, 为研究NADH和蛋白之间的相互作用提供了新思路.     

SHS of NbSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>: A Comparison Between Experiments and Simulations

Summary. Computer simulation results for the Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) of the intermetallic compound NbSi₂ are discussed in comparison with experiments for SHS of mechanically activated powders. The variation of wave speed of the propagation front is considered while varying Nb grain size and thermal conductivity of the starting mixture. A co-operating effect of these two parameters (due to the change in morphology of reactants after milling) is outlined.     

Synthesis of a new and versatile macrocyclic NADH model

A new macrocyclic NADH model 1 has been designed and synthesised. The new model consists of the same subunits as previously reported models. However, the present model is designed as such that the pyridine nitrogen of the nicotinamide units are not incorporated in the macrocyclic framework. Thus, properties such as solubility can easily be varied by alkylation with an appropriate agent. The macrocyclic framework was prepared in 7 steps. Methylation of the pyridine nitrogens followed by reduction gave the desired model. This model compound was found to reduce methyl benzoylformate stereoselectively in good yield with 48% enantiomeric excess.     

聚苯乙烯固载NADH辅酶模型化合物的合成及应用

设计、合成了一类新型的高分子还原试剂--聚苯乙烯固载烟酰胺辅酶模型化合物1-苄基-1,4-二氢烟酰胺(BNAH)4.该还原剂可以在温和条件下有效的还原活化烯烃,而且可以循环再生,但循环再生后有效BNAH含量下降.     

Thermal stability and bond dissociation energy of fluorinated polymers: A critical evaluation

Intrinsic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of selected fluorinated polymers are critically evaluated. Two distinctive approaches were followed. In the first one, according to Wu and Rodgers [E.-C. Wu, A.S. Rodgers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 (1976) 6112-6115], starting from the gas-phase enthalpy of polymerization we obtained the polymer backbone BDE through appropriate thermodynamic cycles. Revised experimental results indicate that the CC BDEs of all the polymers taken into account fall within a limited energy interval, comparable to the average experimental uncertainty. Central to the second methodology adopted, is a model compound approach. Thanks to the large number of reliable thermodynamic data available in the scientific literature and to simple end-capping rules, C₂ molecules were chosen as suitable models for infinite linear polymers and alternating copolymers between ethylene and fluorinated olefins. For partially fluorinated polymers, like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), alternating ethylene-tertrafluoroethylene (ETFE) and alternating ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), the weight loss due to HF and HCl evolution during heating experiments was successfully related to the threshold energy E_o(HX) for 1,2-elimination from chemically activated hydrofluoro and hydrofluorochlorocarbons according to the modified Rice-Rampsberger-Kassel (RRKM) unimolecular theory.     

A theoretical study of five nitrates: Electronic structure and bond dissociation energies

Three density-functional methods (B3P86, B3PW91, and B3LYP) are employed to investigate the O–NO₂ bond lengths, frontier orbital energies, and O–NO₂ bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of n-propyl nitrate (NPN), isopropyl nitrate (IPN), 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (Tri-EGDN), and tetraethylene glycol dinitrate (Tetra-EGDN). It is found that the O–NO₂ bond lengthens (destabilizes) in the order of IPN, NPN, EHN, Tetra-EGDN, and Tri-EGDN. From the data of frontier orbital energies (E_HOMO, E_LUMO), and energy gaps (ΔE), we estimate the relative thermal stability ordering of five nitrates and their corresponding radicals. The predicted BDEs of O–NO₂ bond in NPN, IPN, EHN, Tri-EGDN, and Tetra-EGDN, are 176.6, 174.5, 168.1, 156.1, and 159.3 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. Based on the finding that the present results of BDEs are well coincident with the experimental results of apparent activation energies from the literature, we can draw a conclusion that the experimental thermolysis of five nitrates is only unimolecular homolytical cleavage of the O–NO₂ bonds.     

Calculations of the Bond Dissociation Energies for NO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Scission in Some Nitro Compounds

The X(C,N,O)—NO₂ bond dissociation energy (BDE) for CH₃NO₂, C₂H₃NO₂, C₂H₅NO₂, HONO₂, CH₃ONO₂, C₂H₅ONO₂, NH₂NO₂, (CH₃)₂NNO₂ are computed using the DFT (B3LYP, B3PW91), the single and double-coupled cluster excited (CCSD), and the complete basis set (CBS-Q) methods, with the 6-311G^** and cc-pVDZ basis sets. By comparing the computed energies and experimental results, we find that the DFT method can not give good results of BDE, but, the BDEs generated by the CCSD/cc-pVDZ, CBS-Q are in good agreement with experimental values.