大气-海浪-海流耦合模式的建立和一次台风过程的初步试验

利用Linux系统中共享内存及进程间通信技术,将广泛应用于大气、海洋、 海浪研究的数值模式耦合,综合考虑了大气对海流和海浪的风力驱动、 海洋对大气下垫面的改变及海浪对海洋的浪致混合作用, 建立起高分辨率的中尺度台风模式.以一次台风过程为模拟背景, 对2006年的"格美"台风进行模拟,利用可得到的观测资料,对模拟结果进行验证. 结果表明:模式经过spin-up阶段后,基本能够模拟出实况台风强度的变化趋势, 中心最低气压、风速和路径的模拟与实况较为一致. 同时,对台风强风条件下的海面降温及海浪高度都有较为合理的再现. 模式误差的出现,与当前模式微物理过程参数化方案、大尺度初始场、 Bogus台风的构造及海洋模式中海洋上层物理参数化方案等相关.     

点火靶驱动不对称性与表面粗糙度的模耦合模拟

使用二维辐射多群扩散流体力学程序LARED-S对点火靶内爆进行大规模数值模拟,同时考虑低阶辐射驱动不对称性和中高阶的表面粗糙度.计算结果表明：靶丸内爆流场不仅出现严重的低阶模面密度扰动,同时生成大幅度的尖钉与气泡结构;呈现明显的扰动模耦合效应,模耦合生成的扰动增长幅度与理论公式在一定时间内较好地吻合.在内爆减速阶段,扰动增长发展到强非线性阶段,模耦合效应使得扰动频谱分布变宽;同时芯部的涡流使得靶壳的尖钉弯曲,内爆流场出现明显的湍流混合现象.模耦合效应与湍流混合极大地降低了内爆性能,导致点火失败.     

异型磁体/铁电复合材料中的电致变磁导及电致变阻抗效应

利用应力变磁导与电致伸缩效应的乘积效应,设计和制备了一种新型的异型磁体/铁电复合材料,并研究了该材料的电磁耦合特性.在5 kV/cm的恒定电场下,观察到接近40%的电致变磁导（电感）及相应的电致变阻抗效应存在于一个较宽的频域（50—1×10⁵Hz）上.该电致变磁导（电感）及电致变阻抗显示了铁磁弛豫和铁电弛豫的联合效应.研究认为,该异型复合材料所显示的所有电磁耦合行为均可归因于电场诱导的材料中磁体内部应力场的变化. 关键词： 电磁耦合 异型复合材料 应力变磁导 电致伸缩     

Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金自旋轨道耦合效应研究

磁致伸缩和磁晶各向异性来源于自旋轨道耦合及晶体场效应,两种效应作用效果将对Fe-Ga大磁致伸缩合金研究方向将起指导作用.通过基于均匀梯度近似的线形缀加平面波法研究了Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金中D03、B2-like、L12结构在施加自旋轨道耦合效应前后Fe原子3d轨道劈裂情况,轨道电子数及磁晶各向异性.结果表明,自旋轨道耦合效应可以进一步劈裂D03及L12立方结构晶体场,D03和L12结构中Fe原子3d轨道电子数,尤其是dxy和d(x2-y2)轨道下自旋电子数由于自旋轨道耦合作用发生改变;但自旋轨道耦合对B2-like结构作用微弱.Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金中磁晶各向异性主要由晶体场效应决定.     

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2单晶中巨磁致伸缩的逆效应

研究了Terfenol-D材料中巨磁致伸缩的逆效应,即磁机械效应.基于Stoner-Wohlfarth(SW)模型,考虑磁晶各向异性和应力各向异性能,依据自由能极小原理,获得了退磁态下Terfenol-D单晶中磁化强度方向和压应力的关系.采用数值方法求解了平衡条件下的非线性方程组.理论结果表明,Terfenol-D巨磁致伸缩单晶中的磁各向异性取决于磁晶各向异性和应力各向异性之间的竞争.在压应力的作用下,Terfenol-D单晶中的磁各向异性由立方向单轴转变.理论和实验结果的比较表明,存在一个临界压应力,使磁致伸缩效应达到极大值.该理论结果还解释了压应力使得Terfenol-D单晶材料难于磁化和磁致伸缩效应出现极大值的实验事实.理论计算不仅为研究这类问题提供了一个更准确的方法,而且其结果也有助于理解类似材料中的磁化过程. 关键词： Terfenol-D 磁机械效应 巨磁致伸缩效应 磁各向异性     

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2单晶中巨磁致伸缩的逆效应

研究了Terfenol-D材料中巨磁致伸缩的逆效应,即磁机械效应.基于Stoner-Wohlfarth(SW)模型,考虑磁晶各向异性和应力各向异性能,依据自由能极小原理,获得了退磁态下Terfenol-D单晶中磁化强度方向和压应力的关系.采用数值方法求解了平衡条件下的非线性方程组.理论结果表明,Terfenol-D巨磁致伸缩单晶中的磁各向异性取决于磁晶各向异性和应力各向异性之间的竞争.在压应力的作用下,Terfenol-D单晶中的磁各向异性由立方向单轴转变.理论和实验结果的比较表明,存在一个临界压应力,使磁致伸缩效应达到极大值.该理论结果还解释了压应力使得Terfenol-D单晶材料难于磁化和磁致伸缩效应出现极大值的实验事实.理论计算不仅为研究这类问题提供了一个更准确的方法,而且其结果也有助于理解类似材料中的磁化过程.     

1-3型纳米多铁复合薄膜中电场诱导的磁化研究

运用Landau-Devonshire热力学唯像理论,考虑铁电相和铁磁相的电致伸缩、磁致伸缩效应以及产生于铁电/铁磁和薄膜/基底界面的弹性应力作用,两次重整介电和磁作用系数得到了这种多铁系统在Landau自由能函数下的本征二次方磁电耦合形式,从而研究了外延1-3型纳米多铁复合薄膜中极化、磁化随薄膜厚度、温度的变化以及该薄膜中外加电场诱导的磁化变化.结果表明薄膜平面内的应压力的弛豫使得磁化强度和极化强度随薄膜厚度的增加而减少,外加电场不仅能诱导铁电相极化场翻转,而且由于铁电和铁磁相界面竖直方向的弹性耦合导致 关键词： 多铁 磁电效应 磁致伸缩 薄膜     

地下强爆炸辐射流体动力学过程的二维数值模拟

为评估强爆炸的毁伤效应,利用流固耦合界面处理方法,考虑辐射输运引起的能量沉积过程,建立同时求解辐射流体力学方程和流体弹塑性方程的二维耦合计算方法,给出地下强爆炸时,爆室内辐射波传播、辐射能量沉积到岩土表层、岩土表层膨胀、冲击波在岩土介质中传播、爆室内高压压缩爆室壁、爆室壁振荡增大的完整物理过程.     

Co/Co3O4/PZT多铁复合薄膜的交换偏置效应及其磁电耦合特性

本文采用溶胶-凝胶工艺并结合脉冲激光沉积技术, 在Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si衬底上制备了Co/Co₃O₄/PZT多铁复合薄膜. 对复合薄膜的微结构和组分进行了表征, 并系统研究了复合薄膜中的交换偏置效应及其对磁电耦合作用的影响. 研究结果表明, 复合薄膜在77 K具有明显的交换偏置效应, 交换偏置场达到80 Oe, 且交换偏置场及矫顽场均随温度降低而增大. 当温度降低到10 K时, 交换偏置场增至160 Oe. X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果证实在Co和Co₃O₄界面处存在约5 nm厚的CoO层, 表明77 K下的交换偏置效应源自反铁磁的CoO层对Co的钉扎作用. 观察到复合薄膜的电容-温度曲线随着外加磁场大小和方向的改变而呈现出规律性的变化, 表明复合薄膜存在磁电耦合效应. 进一步研究发现, 在低温下复合薄膜呈现出各向异性的磁电容效应, 与磁场大小和方向密切相关. 复合薄膜的这种磁电耦合特性主要与复合体系的交换偏置效应及基于界面应力传递的磁电耦合作用有关, 本文对其中的物理机理进行了详细讨论与分析.     

流固耦合声子晶体管路冲击振动特性研究

流固耦合管路系统广泛应用于各种装备中,通常用来传递物质和能量或者动量.由于流固耦合效应,管壁在流体作用下易产生强烈的振动与噪声,对装备安全性、隐蔽性产生严重影响,甚至造成严重破坏.流固耦合管路振动抑制需求迫切,意义重大.声子晶体可以利用其带隙特性抑制特定频率范围内弹性波的传播,在减振降噪领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文基于声子晶体理论,研究了流固耦合条件下的布拉格声子晶体管路冲击振动传递特性.将传递矩阵法和有限元法相结合,计算了能带结构与带隙特性,重点考虑了流固耦合效应下,不同冲击激励条件下声子晶体管路振动特性,分析了流固耦合对声子晶体管路振动传递特性的影响.研究结果为流固耦合条件下管路系统的振动控制提供了技术参考.     

Deuteron electrodisintegration at high energy and momentum transfer

Inelastic electron-deuteron scattering has been calculated at backward angles for energy transfers up to 50 MeV and momentum transfers up to 60 fm^?2. Exchange currents from the pion, vector mesons and mixed ?πγ and ωπγ were taken into account. The effect of the meson-nucleon form factor is studied, and various approximations of the mesonic currents are discussed. Baryon resonance configurations in the wave function have been used to calculate the Δ-resonance currents. We show that the effect from meson-nucleon form factors, the ?πγ, ωπγ and Δ currents cancels almost exactly against the vector meson contribution at low momentum transfer. Thus the pure pionic current defines a reasonable choice. In the high momentum region this approximation breaks down.     

Effect of oceanic current on typhoon-wave modeling in the East China Sea

We use the WAVEWATCH-III model to quantify the effect of oceanic current on typhoon-wave modeling in the East-China-Sea(ECS).Typhoons Jelawat and Saomai in the autumn of 2000 are hindcasted.The oceanic currents in the ECS are mainly constituted of Kuroshio and typhoon-generated currents.The results show distinguishable differences in wave height and wave period under the typhoon conditions.The oceanic current causes the maximum differences,of up to a 0.5 m significant wave height and a 1 s mean wave period.Comparisons between typhoons Jelawat and Saomai show the dependence of the current effect on the typhoon characteristics.     

Electromagnetic backscattering from one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface I: Wave-current coupled model

To study the electromagnetic backscattering from a one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface, a fractal sea surface wave-current model is derived, based on the mechanism of wave-current interactions. The numerical results show the effect of the ocean current on the wave. Wave amplitude decreases, wavelength and kurtosis of wave height increase, spectrum intensity decreases and shifts towards lower frequencies when the current occurs parallel to the direction of the ocean wave. By comparison, wave amplitude increases, wavelength and kurtosis of wave height decrease, spectrum intensity increases and shifts towards higher frequencies if the current is in the opposite direction to the direction of ocean wave. The wave-current interaction effect of the ocean current is much stronger than that of the nonlinear wave-wave interaction. The kurtosis of the nonlinear fractal ocean surface is larger than that of linear fractal ocean surface. The effect of the current on skewness of the probability distribution function is negligible. Therefore, the ocean wave spectrum is notably changed by the surface current and the change should be detectable in the electromagnetic backscattering signal.     

Development and validation of a three-dimensional,wave-current coupled model on unstructured meshes

Using unstructured meshes provides great flexibility for modeling the flow in complex geomorphology of tidal creeks,barriers and islands,with refined grid resolution in regions of interest and not elsewhere.In this paper,an unstructured three-dimensional fully coupled wave-current model is developed.Firstly,a parallel,unstructured wave module is developed.Variations in wave properties are governed by a wave energy equation that includes wave-current interactions and dissipation representative of wave breaki...     

Meson exchange and isobar admixture contributions to elastic electron-deuteron scattering

The deuteron structure functions for elastic electron scattering and the deuteron static properties have been calculated with the inclusion of isobar admixtures to the deuteron wave function and meson exchange currents. At higher momentum transfers the structure functions are increased significantly because of the strong enhancement of the deuteron magnetic dipole form factor. Roughly 15–35% of this enhancement depending on the momentum transfer arise from the meson exchange currents.     

高风速下海洋飞沫水滴对拖曳系数的影响

海面飞沫水滴改变着海气动量通量的分布, 从而在相当程度上影响着海面拖曳系数. 为了能够精确估计海面飞沫水滴对海面拖曳系数的影响, 推导出新的依赖于风速和海浪状态的海洋飞沫生成函数, 将该飞沫生成函数用在改进的飞沫动量通量计算公式中进行飞沫动量通量的计算, 发现本文提出的飞沫动量通量计算公式对海浪状态具有较强的敏感性, 能够清晰地表达海浪状态对飞沫动量通量的影响. 海面总动量通量包含飞沫动量通量和海气界面动量通量, 基于此理论, 得到高风速下受飞沫水滴影响的海面拖曳系数关系式, 从关系式的理论值可知, 在高风速下, 海面拖曳系数开始衰减, 说明高风速下海面飞沫水滴能够抑制拖曳系数值的增加. 将理论结果与实验室和外海测量值进行对比, 发现海面拖曳系数的理论值变化范围覆盖了测量值, 同时将该海面拖曳系数代入海浪模式进行台风浪模拟, 发现海浪模式能够较好地模拟出有效波高, 说明本文提出的新的海面拖曳系数公式能够合理地用在高风速条件下.     

A large-scale wave-current coupled module with wave diffraction effect on unstructured meshes

Based on the extended mild-slope equation,a large-scale wave module is developed.By combining the eikonal equation and the modified wave action equation,the wave model can account for diffraction in most situations such as in the lee of islands and breakwaters,and using unstructured meshes provides great flexibility for modelling the wave in the complex geomorphology of barriers and islands,also allowing for refinement of the grid resolution within computationally important domains.The numerical implementation of the module is based on the explicit second-order upwind finite-volume schemes in geographic space,the Flux-Corrected Transport(FCT)algorithm in frequency space and the implicit Crank-Nicolson method in directional space.The three-dimensional hydrodynamic module is then modified to couple with the wave model,where the wave readily provides the depth-dependent radiation stress and the wave-induced turbulence coefficient for the current fields,and the wave propagation takes into account the current-induced advection,refraction and diffraction of wave energy and the effect of water level.The applicability of the proposed model to calculate Snell’s Law,wave transformation over the breakwaters and the elliptic shoal,wave propagation over the rip current field and the undertow on a sloping beach is evaluated.Numerical results show that the present model makes better predictions of the near-shore wave propagation and complex three-dimensional(3D)near-shore circulation driven by the waves,considering analytical solutions and experimental values.     

台风莫拉克(2009)暴雨过程中位势切变形变波作用密度诊断分析和预报应用

在水平风场切变形变的基础上引入物理量——位势切变形变, 把水平风场的垂直分量和切变形变与广义位温的空间梯度结合起来. 该物理量的二阶扰动被定义为波作用密度, 在局地直角坐标系中推导了能够描述中尺度扰动系统发展演变的波作用方程. 对2009年登陆台风莫拉克引发的暴雨过程进行诊断分析, 结果表明, 台风中心区切变形变向涡度的转化显著, 该转化通过纬向风的经向梯度实现. 纬向风速的经向梯度与广义位温垂直梯度的耦合引起位涡和位势切变形变之间的转化, 以至于位势切变形变和位涡的异常值区分别位于台风环流的外侧和内侧. 波作用密度因能够描述水平扰动风场的垂直切变和切变形变以及凝 结潜热函数扰动梯度而与观测降水联系紧密. 相关统计分析表明, 2009年夏季波作用密度与6 h观测降水存在明显滞后相关性, 对未来6 h降水有一定的指示意义. 另外, 波作用密度通量散度和扰动非地转风位涡是影响波作用密度局地变化的主要物理因素. 基于波作用密度与观测降水的良好相关性, 建立了波作用密度暴雨预报方程. 2009年登陆台风"苏迪罗", "天鹅", "莫拉菲"和"巨爵"的暴雨预报个例分析和长时间序列的ETS评分计算表明, 波作用密度对台风暴雨具有较好的预报效果, 其预报降水能力略优于美国全球预报系统(GFS)的直接降水预报. 关键词： 位势切变形变 波作用密度 波作用通量散度 台风暴雨     

Fermi systems with strong forward scattering

We review the theory of interacting Fermi systems whose low-energy physics is dominated by forward scattering, that is scattering processes generated by effective interactions with small momentum transfers. These systems include Fermi liquids as well as several important non-Fermi-liquid phases: one-dimensional Luttinger liquids, systems with long-range interactions, and fermions coupled to a gauge field. We report results for the critical dimensions separating different 'universality classes' and discuss the behaviour of physical quantities such as the momentum distribution function, the single-particle propagator and low-energy response functions in each class. The renormalization group for Fermi systems will be reviewed and applied as a link between microscopic models and effective lowenergy theories. Particular attention is paid to conservation laws, which constrain any effective low-energy theory of interacting Fermi systems. In scattering processes with small momentum transfers the velocity of each scattering particle is (almost) conserved. This asymptotic conservation law leads to non-trivial cancellations of Feynman diagrams and other simplifications, making thus possible a non-perturbative treatment of forward scattering via Ward identities or bosonization techniques.