机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展现状

机载激光3D探测成像是通过激光主动成像产生目标的角-角-距、角-角-速度3D图像的一种新的探测成像技术。本文重点阐述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的原理、功能和系统的组成。介绍了该系统在军事和民用两大领域的应用,详细地讨论了近几年机载激光3D探测成像技术的国内外发展现状及动态,总结了该项技术的发展方向。认为国外的机载激光3D探测系统正向远距离、高分辨率、轻量化、低功耗、高实时性和人眼安全方向发展,而目前国内的相关研究仍处于实验室阶段,与国外相比还存在一定差距。文章最后以用户需求为例,从设计的角度对机载激光3D探测成像系统进行了分析,讨论了该系统在测距机制、扫描机构、探测器、数据处理和显示等方面的处理。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的关键技术

介绍了机载激光3D探测成像系统的应用领域和国内外发展现状,概括了小型无人机载激光3D成像检测系统（JIGSAW）、机载激光测深系统（LADS）、直升机3D-LZ Imaging LADAR及机载对地高分辨详查系统的基本组成、技术指标以及各自的特点。阐述了激光3D成像系统的工作原理与扫描方式的分类,并重点对其单元核心技术即激光测距系统、激光光轴控制与指向测量系统、数据图像处理技术与显示系统进行了研究。最后,简单综述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展前景。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的关键技术

介绍了机载激光3D探测成像系统的应用领域和国内外发展现状,概括了小型无人机载激光3D成像检测系统(JIGSAW)、机载激光测深系统(LADS)、直升机3D-LZ Imaging LADAR及机载对地高分辨详查系统的基本组成、技术指标以及各自的特点。阐述了激光3D成像系统的工作原理与扫描方式的分类,并重点对其单元核心技术即激光测距系统、激光光轴控制与指向测量系统、数据图像处理技术与显示系统进行了研究。最后,简单综述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展前景。     

成像激光雷达系统性能的研究

如何合理而有效地设计成像激光雷达系统 ,是进行成像激光雷达系统研究的关键 ,设计时必须充分考虑各种参数之间的相互关系 ,根据所提出的指标 ,选择激光器和探测器及其它元器件。以二极管泵浦固体Nd∶YAG激光器为光源 ,以探测的统计学为基础 ,从作用距离、探测概率、虚警概率、信噪比等方面研究了成像激光雷达系统的性能 ,探讨了成像中实际影响成像像素数的因素 ,为成像激光雷达系统的研究提供必要的理论依据。     

机载激光通信系统发展现状与趋势

本文首先介绍了激光通信的突出地位和重大成果,说明机载激光通信技术的先进性和重要性。然后阐明了机载激光通信系统的工作原理,说明进行机载激光通信研究的可行性。接着简要叙述了机载激光通信系统的发展历史和国内外研究现状,重点对其性能指标和技术特点进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了机载激光通信的关键技术,并指出其应用前景和发展趋势。在不久的未来,机载激光通信将会成为信息化战争必不可少的通信手段。     

多波段条纹管激光成像系统探测距离计算

基于条纹管激光成像的基本原理，分析了利用条纹管实现紫外到近红外波段激光成像的技术可行性，并对其性能进行了分析；建立了激光成像雷达方程，计算了不同波长在不同天气条件下的探测距离，并分析了各激光波长的应用领域和优缺点．     

机载激光海深勘测系统的发展

机载激光海洋测深系统对快速而便宜地绘制沿海海图和探测潜艇有重要意义。本文综述该系统的优缺点、工作原理及研制状况。     

0.86μm激光扫描二维成像的实验研究

本文给出作者设计的0.86μm激光二维成像系统的原理框图、成像雷达距离方程和部分物体对0.86μm激光的反射对比度的测试数据,并展示了各类物体激光成像的照片.     

近海机载激光海洋测深技术

本文详细论述机载激光海洋测深的基本原理;讨论机载蓝绿激光的最大探测深度及测深精度等关键指标;对高频率短冲脉激光器及大动态范围的微弱信号检测等关键技术也进行了论述;并简要介绍该技术的国内外发展动态,最后分析机载激光海洋测深技术在我国的现实需要及可行性。     

基于扫描相机的激光三维成像研究

随着条纹管器件技术的发展,条纹管作为瞬态光学器件的应用不再局限于高速摄影和光谱学研究领域。建立以单狭缝条纹管为核心器件的扫描相机激光成像系统,对目标进行推扫成像,获得原始条纹图像,并进行特征数据提取和三维重建。理论计算出的两目标的距离差与实际距离差较接近,从而验证采用该系统作激光雷达成像的可行性。实验结果表明,基于扫描相机激光雷达具有高分辨率,具有较好的应用前景。     

光学三维成像实验系统

建立光学投影层析三维成像系统,该系统包括光学成像、图像采集、断层重建及三维显示,重建算法为滤波反投影算法.实验结果表明:利用该系统得到的重建图像与样品的形状吻合,重建结果边缘清晰,伪迹较小.     

激光水下三维成像技术及进展

主要介绍现任中激光水下三维成像新主邓纹影管激光雷达三维成像以及采用三角法和激光雷达的相关技术三维成像。     

Novel metrics and methodology for the characterisation of 3D imaging systems

The modelling, benchmarking and selection process for non-contact 3D imaging systems relies on the ability to characterise their performance. Characterisation methods that require optically compliant artefacts such as matt white spheres or planes, fail to reveal the performance limitations of a 3D sensor as would be encountered when measuring a real world object with problematic surface finish. This paper reports a method of evaluating the performance of 3D imaging systems on surfaces of arbitrary isotropic surface finish, position and orientation. The method involves capturing point clouds from a set of samples in a range of surface orientations and distances from the sensor. Point clouds are processed to create a single performance chart per surface finish, which shows both if a point is likely to be recovered, and the expected point noise as a function of surface orientation and distance from the sensor. In this paper, the method is demonstrated by utilising a low cost pan-tilt table and an active stereo 3D camera. Its performance is characterised by the fraction and quality of recovered data points on aluminium isotropic surfaces ranging in roughness average (Ra) from 0.09 to 0.46 µm at angles of up to 55° relative to the sensor over a distances from 400 to 800 mm to the scanner. Results from a matt white surface similar to those used in previous characterisation methods contrast drastically with results from even the dullest aluminium sample tested, demonstrating the need to characterise sensors by their limitations, not just best case performance.     

Development of a portable 3D ultrasound imaging system for musculoskeletal tissues

3D ultrasound is a promising imaging modality for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Its cost is relatively low in comparison with CT and MRI, no intensive training and radiation protection is required for its operation, and its hardware is movable and can potentially be portable. In this study, we developed a portable freehand 3D ultrasound imaging system for the assessment of musculoskeletal body parts. A portable ultrasound scanner was used to obtain real-time B-mode ultrasound images of musculoskeletal tissues and an electromagnetic spatial sensor was fixed on the ultrasound probe to acquire the position and orientation of the images. The images were digitized with a video digitization device and displayed with its orientation and position synchronized in real-time with the data obtained by the spatial sensor. A program was developed for volume reconstruction, visualization, segmentation and measurement using Visual C++ and Visualization toolkits (VTK) software. A 2D Gaussian filter and a Median filter were implemented to improve the quality of the B-scan images collected by the portable ultrasound scanner. An improved distance-weighted grid-mapping algorithm was proposed for volume reconstruction. Temporal calibrations were conducted to correct the delay between the collections of images and spatial data. Spatial calibrations were performed using a cross-wire phantom. The system accuracy was validated by one cylinder and two cuboid phantoms made of silicone. The average errors for distance measurement in three orthogonal directions in comparison with micrometer measurement were 0.06 ± 0.39, −0.27 ± 0.27, and 0.33 ± 0.39 mm, respectively. The average error for volume measurement was −0.18% ± 5.44% for the three phantoms. The system has been successfully used to obtain the volume images of a fetus phantom, the fingers and forearms of human subjects. For a typical volume with 126 × 103 × 109 voxels, the 3D image could be reconstructed from 258 B-scans (640 × 480 pixels) within one minute using a portable PC with Pentium IV 2.4 GHz CPU and 512 MB memories. It is believed that such a portable volume imaging system will have many applications in the assessment of musculoskeletal tissues because of its easy accessibility.     

激光雷达在舰载光电搜索跟踪系统中的应用

分析了舰载红外搜索和跟踪系统(IRST)的优缺点,以及激光雷达在其中应用的可能性。介绍了一种应用于舰载红外搜索和跟踪系统(IRST)的啁啾调幅激光雷达系统。描述了啁啾调幅激光雷达的工作原理和雷达系统的组成结构,并给出了部分实验结果。