侧脑室注射氯化镧对大鼠血清生长素和甲状腺素的影响

西方研究了侧脑室注入ＬａＣｌ３对大鼠血清中生长系,甲状腺素,促甲状腺素和下丘脑中生长抑素的影响。侧脑室注射０．００１和０．０１ｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１ＬａＣｌ３,血清中Ｔ４和ＧＨ含量明显高于对照组,０．１和０．５ｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１ＬａＣｌ３组血清Ｔ４和ＧＨ未见明显变化。     

长期口服硝酸稀土对大鼠腺垂体生长激素细胞的影响

为查明La(NO3)3和农用混合稀土"常乐"长期服用后对大鼠腺垂体中生长激素细胞功能和结构的影响,Wistar大鼠口服不同剂量La(NO3)3和"常乐"后,检测血清中生长激素水平的变化,观察腺垂体中生长激素细胞的超微结构。发现口服6个月后,20mg·kg-1组生长激素水平明显低于对照组,0.2及0.1mg·kg-1组则明显增高;停服1个月后,0.2,0.1mg·kg-1组血清中生长激素水平显著高于对照组。口服6个月后,20mg·kg-1组生长激素细胞内分泌颗粒明显减少,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网腔明显扩张,细胞核变形;停服1个月后,20mg·kg-1组各种改变有所恢复,0.1mg·kg-1组生长激素细胞分泌颗粒较密集。     

氯化钐对雌性大白鼠内分泌腺结构和功能的影响

实验通过血清激素测定和透射电镜观察相结合,研究氯化钐对雌性Wistar大白鼠内分泌腺结构和功能的影响,发现连续三天每天经腹腔给予大白鼠SmCl_3 80mg/kg·bw后,第六天大鼠血清中GH水平明显升高(P<0.01),而T_4水平显著下降(P<0.01);FSH、LH、TSH、T_3和皮质醇的血清浓度与对照组相比无明显改变。电镜下观察到生长激素细胞粗面内质网扩张,分泌颗粒减少,甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞核固缩,粗面内质网高度扩张呈病理性改变。实验结果表明,一定剂量的SmCl_3具有促进生长激素细胞分泌,使血清生长激素水平升高和损伤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞,使血清T_4水平降低的作用。     

低剂量三氯化钐对实验性非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病大鼠胰岛的影响

观察了经腹腔注射低剂量三氯化钐（０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对链脲佐菌素引志的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＤＩＤＤＭ）大鼠胰岛形态和功能的影响。结果表明，三氯化钐治疗组糖耐量改善、血清胰岛水平长高、血清胰镐血糖素水平降低、平均单个胰岛面积和胰岛β细胞数量明显增多，肝细胞内糖原含量增多。提示低剂量三氯化钐对实验性ＮＩＤＤＭ大鼠有一定的治疗作用。     

Zn、Mg、FT3、FT4在甲亢患者血清中的含量及相关性探讨

测定了３１例甲状腺机能亢进患者血清中Ｚｎ,Ｍｇ和Ｔ３,Ｔ４含量,并对其临床意义及相关性进行了探讨,同时作正常人对照,经统计学处理。结果表明：Ｍｇ明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ｚｎ明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＦＴ３,ＦＴ４明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,但此两种元素含量与ＰＴ３,ＰＴ４水平没有等级相关性。     

小剂量SmCl3对大鼠甲状腺结构和功能的影响

应用放射免疫测定研究了大白鼠经腹腔注射，灌胃和静脉注射小剂量ＳｍＣｌ３，０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ后，血清中甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素浓度的变化；并在电镜观察了甲状腺和腺垂体促甲状腺激素细胞的超微结构。     

银诱导大鼠肝脏金属硫蛋白的提纯与鉴定

Ｗｉｓｔａｒ公鼠经腹腔注射ＡｇＮＯ３后可诱导肝脏合成ＭＴ。经匀浆、乙醇沉降、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－７５、ＤＥＡＥ－５２两次柱层析，可得到两个亚型。原子吸收测定结果表明：该蛋白分别含７份Ａｇ、２份Ｚｎ和２份Ｃｕ，具有与Ｃｄ５Ｚｎ２－ＭＴ并不相同的二级、三级结构。进一步研究表明，蛋白中伴随Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ的含量与所用诱发剂的种类、数量均有关，且Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ（通过ＭＴ）具有某种微妙的联系。     

腹腔注射稀土化合物对小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平的影响

成年小鼠每天腹腔注射０．２８ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ剂量的ｔｏＣｌ３、Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ、ＴｂＣｌ３和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ生理盐水溶液，连续三天后与生理盐水对照组比较，ＬａＣｌ３使小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）水平升高，超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性降低，而ＴｂＣｌ３的影响不明显；ＬａＣｌ３和ＴｂＣｌ３均显著降低谷恍甘肽过氧化酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。同样剂量Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ对上述三项指标基本无影响。     

腹腔注射稀土化合物对小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平的…

成年小鼠每天腹腔注射０．２８ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ剂量的ＬａＣｌ３、Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ、ＴｂＣｌ３和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ生理盐水溶液，连续三天后与生理盐水对照组比较，ＬａＣｌ３使小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化（ＬＰＤ）水平升高，超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性降低，而ＴｂＣｌ３的影响不明显；ＬａＣｌ３和ＴｂＣｌ３均显著降低谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。同样剂量Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ对上述三项指标基本无影响。     

剌梨利康饮对汞中毒大鼠汞铜锌含量的影响

用高汞水喂养大鼠８周,复制出慢性汞中毒模型,再分别自由饮用利康饮饮料和腹腔注射二巯基丙磺酸钠３周,探讨剌梨利康饮和二巯基丙磺酸钠对慢性汞中毒大鼠体内汞、铜、锌含量的影响。结果显示：慢性汞中毒引起血清、肝、脑和肾中汞含量升高的同时,引起血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝中锌含量降低;利康饮可降低血清和肾中汞含量,并可提高血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝含量;二巯基丙磺酸钠虽可降低血清、肝和肾中汞含量,升高血清     

Factors affecting the serum thyroid hormone concentration during fasting in rats--with special reference to the relation with temperature

The present studies examine the effect of starvation together with cold or hot exposure on thyroid hormone levels in rats. At 23 degrees C starved for 5 days, serum thyroid hormone levels decreased significantly compared with fed rats, averaging 3.6 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dl of thyroxine (T4), 47 +/- 11 ng/dl of triiodothyronine (T3), 1.4 +/- 0.3 ng/dl of free T4 and 39.6 +/- 5.1 pg/ml of reverse T3, respectively. At 15 degrees C rats starved for 5 days, serum free T4 level significantly more increased than that of 23 degrees C starved rats, while serum T4 level and T3 did not increase significantly. At 30 degrees C rats whether concomitant starvation or not, serum thyroid hormone levels of both group markedly more decreased than control rats. These experiment provide additional evidence that thyroid gland and the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone respond to variety situations such as cold or hot exposure together with starvation or not.     

番茄红素对镉诱导睾丸损伤大鼠抗氧化酶活性及生殖激素水平的影响

目的观察番茄红素对镉诱导睾丸损伤大鼠抗氧化酶活性及生殖激素水平的影响。方法将28只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组7只,分别为空白对照组、5 mg/L镉组、5 mg/L镉+10 mg/kg番茄红素组、5 mg/L镉+20 mg/kg番茄红素组,给药1周后处死,测定睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及血清促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)水平。结果镉组大鼠体质量、睾丸质量、睾丸组织SOD、GSH-Px活性及血清T水平均显著低于NC组(P0.01),睾丸组织MDA含量和血清LH水平则显著高于后者(P0.01);番茄红素可缓解染镉大鼠体质量和睾丸质量的减轻,并回调抗氧化酶活性和生殖激素水平,且高剂量组效果更为显著。结论番茄红素对染镉大鼠的睾丸损伤具有剂量依赖性的改善作用,可能与清除氧自由基和抗脂质过氧化有关。     

Effect of pulmonary surfactant and phospholipid hexadecanol tyloxapol on recombinant human-insulin absorption from intratracheally administered dry powders in diabetic rats

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the enhancement effect of the natural pulmonary surfactant (PS) or its artificial substitute, phospholipid hexadecanol tyloxapol (PHT) on the bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity of recombinant human insulin (rh-insulin) in a pulmonary delivery system. PS- or PHT-loaded insulin formulation was administered to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, at doses of 5 U/kg, 10 U/kg and 20 U/kg insulin, respectively. The hypoglycemic effect caused by PS or PHT containing rh-insulin was analyzed and the area above the curves (AAC) of serum glucose levels versus time, the minimum glucose concentration (C(min)), the time to C(min) (T(min)) and the pharmacological availability (PA%) were derived from the serum glucose profiles. Results showed that PS and PHT caused significantly decrease in serum glucose levels. The decrease in plasma glucose levels continued for about 5 h after the nadir. The highest AAC value was obtained when 20 U/kg rh-insulin with PS or PHT as absorption enhancer was administered to rats. AAC(0-360 min) of PS- or PHT-loaded rh-insulin was 2-3 times as much as that without PS or PHT and PA% increased by 1.3-2 fold. Thus, the extent of oral absorption of insulin from PS- or PHT-loaded particles was significantly greater when compared with that without them. In addition, PHT as well as PS did not change the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and N-acetyl-β-D-glucoaminidase (NAG) activity in bronch fluid which are sensitive indicators of acute toxicity to lung cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). It is concluded that PS and PHT is a promising absorption enhancer for pulmonary delivery systems of large molecule drugs as rh-insulin.     

氯化汞和亚硒酸钠对大鼠的毒性相互作用

用Hom法测定了大鼠经口染毒的LD50,并在此基础上进行90天亚慢性经口毒性试验。测量染毒过程中的体重、食物利用率的变化,测定肝、肾、脾等五种器官脏器系数,并进行血液生化检测。氯化汞、亚硒酸钠及二者等摩尔比联合作用对大鼠LD50分别为127．5、39．55和252mg/kg。汞组和硒组大鼠体重呈进行性下降。汞组肝、肾、胸腺、脾系数增大,睾丸系数减小,联合作用显著降低了汞对各脏器系数的影响,并且随着剂量组中硒剂量的增加,汞对脏器系数的影响减弱。血液学、血清酶化学检测结果无显著性差异。实验结果表明氯化汞和亚硒酸钠相互作用表现为明显的毒性拮抗作用,雌鼠对氯化汞和亚硒酸钠联合毒性有更高的耐受性。联合作用能够减弱单独作用对大鼠生长的影响,减弱汞对五种脏器的毒性。     

采用不同剂量重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症的效果分析

目的探讨和分析采用不同剂量重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症的效果。方法选取2013年11月至2015年11月期间在佛山市第一人民医院接受临床治疗的60例特发性矮小症患儿作为研究对象,按照重组人生长激素的使用剂量不同分为3组,每组分别有20例患儿,对实验1组患儿每周给予0.26 mg/kg,对实验2组患儿每周给予0.35 mg/kg,对实验3组患儿每周给予0.41 mg/kg,分析3组患儿的效果。结果实验2组、实验3组治疗之后的ΔHt SDS、GV、IGF-1、IGFBP-3及患儿家长对治疗效果的总满意度与实验1组相比较,组间差异明显(P0.05)。结论每周应用O.35 mg/kg和0.41 mg/kg的重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症患儿的临床效果较佳。     

有机铬改善SD大鼠体组成效果及其机制探讨

为探讨两种形式有机铬吡啶羧酸铬（CrPic）和烟酸铬（CrNic）改善SD大鼠体组成的效果及其机制,将60只雄性SD大鼠随机等分为3组,第1组饲喂基础日粮作为对照组,第2和第3组分别以CrPic和CrNic形式添加300μg/kg铬,自由采食和饮水,6周后测定大鼠体组成和皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成酶及激素敏感酯酶活性以及血清相关指标。结果表明,添加CrPic使大鼠瘦体质量提高了21．9％（P〈0．05）,体脂含量降低了22．6％（P〈0．05）;添加CrNic对大鼠瘦体质量和体脂含量没有产生显著影响（P〉0．05）;CrPic使大鼠皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成酶活性降低了5．6％（P〈0．05）,激素敏感酯酶活性提高了63．1％（P〈0．05）,同时,大鼠血清中葡萄糖和胰岛素水平显著降低;CrNic对皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成酶、激素敏感酯酶活性以及血清相关指标没有产生显著影响（P〉0．05）。提示CrPic能通过减弱机体脂肪合成代谢,增强脂肪分解代谢从而提高大鼠瘦体质量,降低体脂含量,其效果显著高于CrNic。     

Momordica charantia Extract Protects against Diabetes-Related Spermatogenic Dysfunction in Male Rats: Molecular and Biochemical Study

More than 90% of diabetic patients suffer from sexual dysfunction, including diminished sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm viability, and low testosterone levels. The effects of Momordica charantia (MC) were studied by estimating the blood levels of insulin, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), testosterone (TST), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in diabetic rats treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of the total extract. Testicular antioxidants, epididymal sperm characteristics, testicular histopathology, and lesion scoring were also investigated. Testicular mRNA expression of apoptosis-related markers such as antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Furthermore, caspase-3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MC administration resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c and marked elevation of serum levels of insulin, TST, and gonadotropins in diabetic rats. It induced a significant recovery of testicular antioxidant enzymes, improved histopathological changes of the testes, and decreased spermatogenic and Sertoli cell apoptosis. MC effectively inhibited testicular apoptosis, as evidenced by upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and caspase-3. Moreover, reduction in apoptotic potential in MC-treated groups was confirmed by reduction in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression ratio.     

Stevioside Attenuates Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle by Facilitating IR/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 Signaling Pathways: An In Vivo and In Silico Approach

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the leading global health burden of this century majorly develops due to obesity and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscles. Hence, developing novel drugs that ameliorate these pathological events is an immediate priority. The study was designed to analyze the possible role of Stevioside, a characteristic sugar from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) on insulin signaling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle of obesity and hyperglycemia-induced T2DM rats. Adult male Wistar rats rendered diabetic by administration of high fat diet (HFD) and sucrose for 60 days were orally administered with SIT (20 mg/kg/day) for 45 days. Various parameters were estimated including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes and expression of insulin signaling molecules in diabetic gastrocnemius muscle. Stevioside treatment improved glucose and insulin tolerances in diabetic rats and restored their elevated levels of FBG, serum insulin and lipid profile to normalcy. In diabetic gastrocnemius muscles, Setvioside normalized the altered levels of lipid peroxidase (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hydroxyl radical (OH*), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx and GSH) and molecules of insulin signaling including insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt mRNA levels. Furthermore, Stevioside enhanced glucose uptake (GU) and oxidation in diabetic muscles by augmenting glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) synthesis very effectively in a similar way to metformin. Results of molecular docking analysis evidenced the higher binding affinity with IRS-1 and GLUT 4. Stevioside effectively inhibits oxidative stress and promotes glucose uptake in diabetic gastrocnemius muscles by activating IR/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 pathway. The results of the in silico investigation matched those of the in vivo study. Hence, Stevioside could be considered as a promising phytomedicine to treat T2DM.