近两年国内气相色谱的进展

对近两年国内学者对气相色谱(GC)的研究和应用进行了综述.GC已经是一门十分成熟和广泛应用的分析技术,近两年国内学者的研究发展近似于国外的GC研究和发展,基础性GC研究不多,大多为GC在各个领域的应用研究.应用研究包括在食品、中药、水、气、石油、石化、工业品、农残和烟草分析中的应用.     

不同产地的迷迭香精油成分分析及品质研究

本文采用GC／MS和GC／FTIR法，研究了不同产地的迷迭香精油化学成分并测定了其相对含量。结果表明，国产迷迭香精油与西班牙迷迭香精油化学成分的相对含量差别较大，但其主要组成成分相同，都为α-蒎烯、1，8-桉叶素、莰烯、樟脑、龙脑和β-蒎烯。该研究为我国迷迭香的综合开发利用提供了科学的依据。     

哈士蟆油中脂肪酸的GC、GC-MS分析

用气相色谱（ＧＣ）与气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）联用技术对哈士蟆油中的脂肪酸组成进行了定性与定量分析,共鉴定出１０种脂肪酸并用气相色谱法作了定量,对所得的结果进行了讨论。     

甲氧滴涕原药成分的气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析

本文用气相色谱（GC），气相色谱-质谱联用（GC－MS）测定了甲氧滴涕（DMDT）原药中有效成分的含量及11种成分的结构。GC法内标定量结果表明，产品甲氧滴涕原药中有效成份达90％以上。     

大豆中二硝基苯胺类除草剂多残留的气相色谱法定量检测及质谱确证

建立以凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）和固相萃取法（SPE）及气相色谱法（GC）联用技术测定大豆中10种二硝基苯胺类除草剂（氟乐灵、乙氟灵、环丙氟、氯乙氟灵、仲丁灵、异乐灵、二甲戊乐灵、二硝胺、氨基丙氟灵和磺乐灵）多残留检测方法。目标农药经正己烷饱和的乙腈提取，凝胶渗透色谱除去大豆中大部分油脂及色素，再经Florisil柱净化和富集，依次用6mL二氯甲烷和6mL二氯甲烷＋丙酮（99＋1）洗脱。目标农药采用电子捕获检测（GC／ECD），外标法定量，并经质谱（MS）确证。两个添加水平重复6次，回收率分别为74％～105％和59％～105％；相对标准偏差〈20％；检出限为1．8～7．6μg／kg；定量限为6～38μg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定多种农药残留

文中比较了气相色谱-负化学离子源-质谱法(GC-NCI-MS)与气相色谱-电子轰击离子源-质谱法(GC-EI-MS)分析多种农药残留量方法中的选择离子、质谱图、线性范围、检出限等指标,试验结果表明:GC-NCI-MS质谱图的碎片离子少,线性范围宽,11种农药除二嗪农及o,p'-DDT外,负化学离子源(NCI)的检出限都低于电子轰击离子源(EI)至少一个数量级;同一个样品,GC-NCH-MS的质谱图杂峰更少.若分子中含有易获得电子的基团,NCI源比EI源有更高的灵敏度和选择性.     

食用植物油中矿物油掺假的确证检测方法研究

应用气相色谱 质谱技术,建立了植物油中是否掺加矿物油的确证分析方法。本文报道的方法,简便、快速、准确、灵敏,方法最低检出浓度为1.2g L,经大量样品测定。     

丁苯橡胶废水中有机物的定性分析

固相萃取(SPE)技术与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)、气相色谱-傅立叶红外光谱(GC-FTIR)技术结合,用于丁苯橡胶(SBR)生产过程中废水中的有机物的定性分析.每次使用0.18～0.15 mm粒径的GDX-502吸附剂2 g,1000 mL废水,25 mL二氯甲烷进行洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至1 mL后用于GC-MS和GC-FTIR定性分析.分离在50 m×0.20 mm i.d.×0.5 μm的HP-PONA柱上进行.从SBR废水中确定23种化合物,GC-MS与GC-FTIR联用,提高了定性的准确度.     

海棠果种子油脂肪酸成分研究

用乙醚萃取海棠果种子油,油脂皂化后的脂肪酸采用三氟化硼-甲醇溶液进行甲酯化.采用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术分离、鉴定出7种主要脂肪酸,进一步采用气相色谱法定量测定脂肪酸,分别为肉豆蔻酸0.02%,软脂酸8.64%,硬脂酸8.96%,油酸37.7%,亚油酸20.1%,亚麻酸0.38%,二十碳酸0.85%.结果表明,海棠果种子油不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达58%,值得作为不饱和脂肪酸食用油来源开发.     

气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中乙草胺残留

建立了气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱法检测10种植物源性和动物源性食品中乙草胺残留量检测方法.粮谷类和动物源性样品采用乙腈提取,GPC结合硅胶固相萃取柱净化;蔬菜类样品采用乙酸乙酯提取、硅胶固相萃取柱净化;元葱等样品先进行微波消解,然后采用乙酸乙酯提取,硅胶固相萃取柱净化.气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用法检测.两种方法检出限均为0.004 mg/kg; 在0.01～0.16 mg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998和0.9997;在0.01、0.02和0.05 mg/kg的添加水平下,添加回收率在70%～102%之间;相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%.     

Comparison of three methods for natural gas dehydration

This paper compares three methods for natural gas dehydration that are widely applied in industry:(1) absorption by triethylene glycol, (2) adsorption on solid desiccants and (3) condensation. A comparison is made according to their energy demand and suitability for use. The energy calculations are performed on a model where 105 Nm3/h water saturated natural gas is processed at 30 °C. The pressure of the gas varies from 7 to 20 MPa. The required outlet concentration of water in natural gas is equivalent to the dew point temperature of -10 °C at gas pressure of 4 MPa.     

Prediction of water content of sour and acid gases

Estimating the feasibility of acid gas geological disposal requires the knowledge of the water content of the gas phase at moderate pressures and temperatures (typically below 50 MPa, below 380 K) and up to 6 mol NaCl. In this paper, a non-iterative model is developed to predict the water content of sour and acid gases at equilibrium with pure water and brine. This model is based on equating the chemical potential of water and using the modified Redlich–Kwong equation of state to calculate the fugacity of the gas phase. The water content of pure CH₄, CO₂ and H₂S are represented with average absolute deviations of less than 3.36, 7.04 and 8.4%, respectively. Experimental data of the water content of mixtures of the acid gases were reproduced with average absolute deviations of less than 6.32%.     

A novel correlation for estimation of hydrate forming condition of natural gases

An inherent problem with natural gas production or transmission is the formation of gas hydrates, which can lead to safety hazards to production/ transportation systems and to substantial economic risks. Therefore, an understanding of conditions where hydrates form is necessary to overcome hydrate related issues. Over the years, several models requiring more complicated and longer computations have been proposed for the prediction of hydrate formation conditions of natural gases. For these reasons, it is essential to develop a reliable and simple-to-use method for oil and gas practitioners. The purpose of this study is to formulate a novel empirical correlation for rapid estimation of hydrate formation condition of sweet natural gases. The developed correlation holds for wide range of temperatures (265–298 K), pressures (1200 to 40000 kPa) and molecular weights (16−29). New proposed correlation shows consistently accurate results across proposed pressure, temperature and molecular weight ranges. This consistency could not be matched by any of the widely accepted existing correlations within the investigated range. For all conditions, new correlation showed average absolute deviation to be less than 0.2% and provided much better results than the widely accepted existing correlations.     

用低温气相色谱分析火焰气体

本文采用低温气相色谱法分析了火焰气体的成份和深度，色谱柱固定相为ＰｏｒａｐａｒｋＱ，柱温范围－９９－２５０℃氦气作载气。在所选择的实验条件下，火焰气体中的Ｎ２和Ｏ２有效地得到分离，可迅速精确地分析确定Ｎ２的浓度以及其他成份和浓度。     

用天然气气相色谱分析仪快速分析天然气组分及性能参数

介绍用天然气气相色谱分析仪分析天然气中无机组分、有机组分和热值的方法,确定了分析方法和条件,该方法测量结果的相对标准偏差小于1%。采用该方法对制备的标准气体进行了考察,并将该方法用于天然气气体标准物质的性能评价和国际实验室间的比对,天然气组分含量比对相对误差在±1%之内,热量值比对相对误差在±3%之内,取得了国际等效性。     

非晶硅太阳能电池生产工艺用氣分析方法研究

本文对非晶硅太阳能电池制造工艺过程所用的无机氢化物烷类气体硅烷、硼烷、磷烷、甲烷和氢及其混合气的配制与分析方法进行了研究,以微机控制配气、检测程序、气相色谱法分成分析杂质,电容法测水分,方法已应用于工艺过程分析。     

Polypyrrolones for membrane gas separations. I. Structural comparison of gas transport and sorption properties

Despite efforts by the membrane community to develop polymeric materials with improved O₂/N₂ separation performance, limited progress has occurred for almost a decade. Molecular sieving media, which can exhibit gas separation properties superior to polymers, tend to be brittle and uneconomical to produce for large‐scale membrane separation processes. Considering this, the polymer structures investigated in this work were designed to mimic aspects of the structure of molecular sieving media such as zeolites and carbon molecular sieves while maintaining the processability associated with polymers. Significantly attractive gas separation material properties were obtained using hyper rigid polypyrrolone copolymers with controlled packing disruptions between flat, packable segments. The gas transport properties in the materials changed dramatically as a result of different average interchain spacing. Moreover, all of the polypyrrolones studied in this work exhibited performance lying on or above the existing O₂/N₂ upper bound trade‐off line between permselectivity and permeability. These results, therefore, may point the way to a new cycle of membrane materials improvements for gas separations. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1235–1249, 1999     

体液中-叶萩碱检测方法的研究

本文报道了用气相色谱(GC)及气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)检出人体液中一叶萩碱的方法.尿样经碱化后用乙醚直接萃取,回收率为72.1％;血浆样品用Sep-pak小柱提取,回收率为 43.9％,GC/MS的检测限为 20ng.方法快速、简便、准确.     

气相色谱近年的发展

简要阐述了近几年气相色谱(GC)的发展和特点。GC是一个成熟的技术,广泛地应用于各个领域,近几年GC的发展除了继续研究新的固定相和高性能的毛细管色谱柱之外,主要在全二维气相色谱(GC×GC)、快速GC、便携式GC仪和微型GC仪几个方面。近几年新研究的GC固定相主要集中在常温离子液体和各种环糊精的衍生物。现在GC研究者趋向于使用商品化的GC毛细管柱,而商品化的GC毛细管柱应用最多的是以含5%苯基的聚甲基硅氧烷为固定相的色谱柱。GC×GC发展迅猛,特别是关于调制器的研究,已开发出十多种调制模式,并广泛地应用于各个领域。为了适应大量样品的分析和现场分析,研究和开发了多种快速GC方法和仪器以及便携式GC仪。为了仪器的小型化和专属性检测,μGC仪的研究也稳步地发展起来。     

大气本底温室气体测量标准物质研究进展

综述了温室气体标准物质的制备技术与研究进展。归纳了温室气体标准物质种类和量值不确定度的要求,考察了各种配气技术对温室气体监测需求的适用性。综合讨论了配气技术中的稀释操作、钢瓶处理方式及阀门管线材质对温室气体标准物质量值稳定性的影响,并比较了BIPM和WMO量传体系的差异。