Mg助剂对Co/Mg/HZSM-5催化剂结构及其催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气性能的影响

采用XRD、TEM、H2-TPR、Raman、XPS和活性评价等方法, 研究了Mg助剂对Co/Mg/HZSM-5催化剂物理化学性质和甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气反应性能的影响. 研究发现, 在Co/HZSM-5催化剂中添加Mg助剂, 可有效地提高催化剂的催化活性和稳定性. 在750 ℃和空速1.0×10⁵ mL·h^-1·g^-1反应条件下, Co/Mg/HZSM-5在连续反应30 h的实验时间内催化活性稳定不变, 而Co/HZSM-5因其活性中心Co0转化生成CoAl2O4非活性相, 反应10 h后即迅速失活. 催化剂表征结果表明, 在Co/Mg/HZSM-5催化剂中钴物种除以Co3O4存在外, 一部分钴物种还与Mg助剂发生强相互作用生成较难还原的MgCo2O4, 由此导致还原后钴金属的分散度较高. 关联催化剂表征和活性评价结果, 讨论了催化剂结构与性能之间的关系.     

Co-M(M=La,Ce, Fe,Mn, Cu,Cr)复合金属氧化物催化分解N2O

通过共沉淀法制备了一系列Co-M(M= La, Ce, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr)复合金属氧化物及纯Co3O4催化剂, 考察了其催化分解N2O 的活性. 结果表明在研究的系列催化剂中, Co-Ce 复合氧化物催化剂具有最好的催化分解N2O的活性; 其活性与Ce/Co 摩尔比有直接的关系, 当Ce/Co 摩尔比为0.05 时(CoCe0.05 催化剂)催化活性最佳; 当有NO 和O2共存时, 可能在催化剂活性中心上形成表面硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐吸附物种而使其活性受到较大影响. 通过对Co-M 催化剂的XRD、BET、O2-TPD及H2-TPR 等表征结果的分析, 发现作为主要活性位的Co2+的氧化还原能力是影响催化剂活性的主要原因. 这是因为根据反应机理, N2O 的表面分解步骤与Co2+氧化成Co3+的能力相关, 而吸附氧的脱附与Co3+还原成Co2+的能力相关. 在所研究的催化剂中, 添加除CeO2之外的其它过渡金属氧化物时, 催化剂中Co3+/Co2+的氧化还原能力降低, 因此其催化性能降低. 另外, 添加不同过渡金属氧化物也改变了N2O 催化分解反应的速控步骤.     

Co/HZSM-5催化剂中Co的相态和价态表征及其与一步法合成苯乙烯活性之间的关系

金属的脱氢能力与其存在的价态和相态有很大关系.我们曾采用金属负载HZSM-5分子筛催化剂研究了苯和乙烯在无氧存在下一步合成苯乙烯的反应,发现Co/HZSM-5,Fe/HZSM-5和Zn/HZSM-5是较好的催化剂,并提出反应是经过中间物乙苯脱氢生成苯乙烯的机理^[1].魏铨等采用XPS技术对Co/HZSM-5催化剂中Co存在的相态和价态做了一些研究工作^[2].本工作结合XRD、TPR和DRS方法对不同温度下焙烧及还原的Co/HZSM-5中Co的相态和价态及其与一步法合成苯乙烯反应活性之间的关系进行了研究。     

Ce改性Co/SEP催化剂对乙醇重整制氢的影响

采用海泡石（SEP）为载体,通过化学沉淀法制备了Co/SEP和Co-Ce/SEP催化剂,对催化剂进行X射线衍射（XRD）、H₂-程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）和透射电镜（TEM）等表征。结果表明,Ce的加入显著改善催化剂的分散度和还原性;两种催化剂应用于乙醇重整制氢实验,考察Ce的加入、反应时间、反应温度和水碳比（S/C比）对制氢的影响。结果表明,在WHSV为20.5h^-1,水碳比（S/C）为3,反应温度600℃时,Co-Ce/SEP乙醇转化率和氢气产率达到最高,分别为85%和65%。同时Ce的添加能使Co-Ce/SEP拥有更优的活性和稳定性。     

MCM-41负载钴催化H_2O_2氧化四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮

比较了醋酸溶液中过渡金属(Fe、Co、Ni、Ce、Cu、La、Zr或Cr)掺杂MCM-41催化过氧化氢氧化四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮的转化率和选择性,发现其中Co/MCM-41的催化活性最好。探讨了Co/MCM-41作催化剂时反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等对四氢萘氧化的转化率和形成四氢萘酮选择性的影响,确定了较优的反应条件:m(四氢萘)∶m(催化剂)=12.5∶1;反应温度T=383 K,反应时间8 h。四氢萘的转化率达94.7%,α-四氢萘酮的选择性达到70.3%。在反应体系中,Co/MCM-41是一种固体非均相催化剂。催化剂Co/MCM-41可回收重复使用3次,催化活性基本不变。     

Co/HZSM-5分子筛催化醛氨缩合反应活性的研究

研究了担载不同钴含量的Co/HZSM-5分子筛的表面酸性以及醛氨缩合反应的催化活性和选择性.结果表明,钴组元的引入,使HZSM-5表面L酸增加,B酸略减少;弱酸增加,强酸减少,总酸量增加;催化剂的孔体积和比表面都随钴含量的增加而减小.反应中吡啶、2-甲基吡啶和3-甲基吡啶的总收率随担载的钴含量的增加先增加后降低,当钴担载量为0.51%时,催化活性达到最高,三种吡啶同系物的收率达到最大(61.3%).此外,还讨论了Co/HZSM-5催化剂的表面酸性与醛氨缩合催化活性的关系.     

Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂的制备、表征及其催化碳烟燃烧反应性能

 采用微孔扩散-共沉淀法制备了不同 Ce/Zr 摩尔比的 Ce1-xZrxO2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) 固溶体, 并以此为载体用超声波助分散等体积浸渍法制备了 Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂, 考察了催化剂中 Ce/Zr 比对其催化柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒物燃烧反应性能的影响. 结果表明, 在催化剂与碳烟颗粒松散接触条件下, Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂催化碳烟颗粒物燃烧的活性非常高. 其中 Co0.2/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 催化剂活性最高, T10, T50, T90 和 SmCO2 分别为 316 oC, 385 oC, 413 oC 和 99.9%. 这与目前文献报道的松散接触条件下活性最高的担载 Pt 催化剂相近. 应用 X 射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、紫外-可见漫反射和傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对 Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体及 Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体由纳米级小颗粒组成 (平均粒径在 10 nm 左右). 适量的 Ce/Zr 比有利于改善立方尖晶石型 Co3O4 在 Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体表面的分散, 从而提高催化剂活性. 程序升温还原结果表明, Co0.2/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 催化剂具有最优的低温还原特性, 与它具有最高的催化活性相一致.     

载体对负载钴催化剂CH_4/CO_2重整反应的影响

采用固定床微反应器、利用 XRD及 TPR技术研究了载体对负载于 γ- Al2 O3、Si O2 和HZSM- 5分子筛上的 Co催化剂的 CH4/ CO2 重整制合成气反应性能的影响 .结果表明 ,金属与载体之间的相互作用是影响催化剂活性和稳定性的重要因素 .HZSM- 5是一种优良载体 ,但硅铝比较低易积炭 ;Co/ Si O2 及低负载量的 Co/ Al2 O3催化剂活性较低易失活 ,其失活原因前者为 Co0 晶粒的烧结 ,后者为 Co0 向 Co Al2 O4的转变 .探讨了金属 -载体相互作用与催化剂性能之间的关系     

钴系尖晶石型复合氧化物的甲烷催化燃烧性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了钴系尖晶石型Co0.5 M0.5 Co2O4(M=Mg、Zn、Ce)复合氧化物催化剂,考察了其对甲烷催化燃烧反应的催化活性,并运用FT-IR、XRD、BET及H2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明,Co0.5 Ce0.5 Co2 O4催化剂有较高的催化活性,与CoO. 5Mg0.5 Co2 O4和Co0.5Zn0.5Co2 O4催化剂相比,Co0.5 Ce0.5Co2 O4催化剂有较高的晶格畸变率、较大的比表面积和孔容、较小的晶粒度、较强的氧活动性和较低的甲烷催化燃烧表观活化能.     

铈掺杂对Co_3O_4/微孔-介孔分子筛催化剂催化性能的影响

采用水热法制备了微孔-介孔分子筛,并以Ce掺杂改性后制备了Co3O4/Ce-微孔-介孔分子筛催化剂,考察了Ce掺杂微孔-介孔分子筛催化剂对苯催化完全氧化性能的影响,并采用BET,XRD,TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明:Ce的加入有利于提高MSZ-B催化剂的催化活性。XRD分析显示Ce的加入不会阻塞Co3O4在微孔-介孔分子筛孔道内的分布;TPR分析表明:Ce的加入提高了MSZ-B催化剂的可还原性能,催化剂的可还原性能是影响催化活性的主要因素;另外,介孔的存在不利于Ce改性Co3O4/ZSM-5微孔分子筛催化剂活性的提高。     

High-throughput selection for heterogeneous catalysts

A catalyst library of 80 samples with different mass ratios of rare earth elements, cobalt (Co), cerium (Ce), and indium (In), was prepared by impregnation of a fresh HZSM-5 zeolite support. A high-throughput detection setup, based on UV absorption spectroscopy, was developed for heterogeneous catalyst selection. The catalytic properties of the library were tested in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by methane at 673 K. Among the Co/Ce series, the catalyst with Co/Ce = 2:1 and Co/H-ZSM5 = 2.5% has shown remarkable efficiency (up to 78%). In the Ce/In series, the reactivity of the catalyst with the support composition of Ce/In = 1:1 and Ce/H-ZSM5 = 2.0% was < or = 88%. Our initial experiments definitely indicated that this simple and inexpensive multichannel setup can be applied for the selection of other heterogeneous catalysts. According to the variation of the UV light intensity, resulting from the absorption of the reactant or product, it was possible to monitor the relative quantity of reactants or products during a catalytic reaction.     

组合化学法在筛选真空紫外荧光材料中的应用

综述了近年来组合化学法在筛选新型真空紫外荧光材料研究方面取得的进展, 包括组合材料库的并行合成和高通量表征技术, 并重点介绍了组合材料库的设计艺术, 最后列举了组合化学法筛选真空紫外荧光材料体系研究的实例及结果.     

Combinatorial Materials Science and Catalysis

After forever changing the drug discovery process in the pharmaceutical industry, combinatorial chemistry methodologies are increasingly being applied to the discovery and optimization of more efficient catalysts and materials (see picture). With the advent of new combinatorial synthesis and screening technologies, coupled with integrated data management systems, the application of these technologies to materials science and catalyst research holds tremendous potential and brings high expectations to this new and exciting field.     

助剂对Co／HMS催化剂结构和F-T合成性能的影响

详细研究了钍、锆、锗及铈助剂对钴质量分数为15％的Co／HMS催化剂结构、 F-T合成CO转化率、CO2选择性及烃分布的影响,结果表明：钍能适当提高F-T合成 活性,且低温下具有较强的链增长能力;锆、锗、铈降低了催化剂CO转化率,催化 剂加氢能力变强,导致低碳烃增加较快,汽柴油馏分段减低,相应的链增长能力降 低,并以锰和铈较为明显;XRD,TPR及TG表征表明：锆和铈可提高催化剂Co还原度 ,但F-T合成反应时金属Co易披氧化,反应中金属Co量明显减少,CO转化率降低, 并以铈最为显著;Th助催化剂Co还原度稍有减低,Co分散度高于Co／HMS,且反应 中金属Co较为稳定,Co转化率得以提高;添加Mn助剂后,催化剂难以还原,反应中 活性相金属Co量较小,CO转化率较低．     

Combinatorial chemistry: a tool for the discovery of new catalysts

The discovery of new reactions and catalysts has always presented an intriguing challenge to scientists. With the rise of combinatorial chemistry, a new method has emerged that holds considerable promise to facilitate the task since it allows for the simultaneous generation and testing of a large number of compounds. The crucial difficulty lies in establishing general technologies for rapid and reliable screening of libraries to determine the catalytic activity of their members. Several recent publications have addressed this question by using infrared thermography, colorimetric assays and fluorescence spectroscopy. These techniques have not only been applied successfully to the high-throughput screening of parallel compound arrays but also to the screening of one-bead-one-compound libraries. This demonstrates that combinatorial chemistry possesses indeed the potential to establish itself as a powerful tool for the discovery of new catalysts. This review describes the methodologies used so far for the detection of catalytic events and will place particular emphasis on the on-bead screening of one-bead-one-compound libraries.     

Asymmetric activation of chiral alkoxyzinc catalysts by chiral nitrogen activators for dialkylzinc addition to aldehydes: super high-throughput screening of combinatorial libraries of chiral ligands and activators by HPLC-CD/UV and HPLC-OR/RIU systems

Asymmetric catalysts, prepared by chiral ligand exchange or chiral modification, can evolve further into highly activated catalysts through engineering with chiral activators. Two new methodologies for "super high-throughput screening" (SHTS) of chiral ligands and activators have been developed as a combination of HPLC-CD/UV (CD/ UV = circular dichroism/ultraviolet spectroscopy) or -OR/RIU (OR/RIU = optical rotation/refractive index unit) with a combinatorial chemistry (CC) factory. With these techniques, the % ee of the product is determined within minutes without separation of the enantiomeric products by using a nonchiral stationary phase. Therefore, those SHTS techniques combined with our 'asymmetric activation' concept can provide a powerful strategy for finding the best activated chiral catalyst.     

催化不对称反应最新进展(Ⅱ)－组合化学方法之 应用

组合化学技术已经成为药物、新型固体材料和催化剂合成、评价和筛选的一种有力工具,最近它在催化不对称反应的手性催化剂高效率合成与筛选方面的应用也受到了重视,本文将综述组合化学技术在发展不对称合成新型催化剂方面的应用。第一部分主要介绍手性催化剂(或配体)库的固相平行合成;第二部分重点总结了所建立的手性催化剂库的高效率评价技术及其应用。     

Integrating virtual screening and combinatorial chemistry for accelerated drug discovery

Virtual screening is increasingly being used in drug discovery programs with a growing number of successful applications. Experimental methodologies developed to speed up the drug discovery processes include high-throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry. The complementarities between computational and experimental screenings have been recognized and reviewed in the literature. Computational methods have also been used in the combinatorial chemistry field, in particular in library design. However, the integration of computational and combinatorial chemistry screenings has been attempted only recently. Combinatorial libraries (experimental or virtual) represent a notable source of chemically related compounds. Advances in combinatorial chemistry and deconvolution strategies, have enabled the rapid exploration of novel and dense regions in the chemical space. The present review is focused on the integration of virtual and experimental screening of combinatorial libraries. Applications of virtual screening to discover novel anticancer agents and our ongoing efforts towards the integration of virtual screening and combinatorial chemistry are also discussed.     

Genetic algorithm-assisted combinatorial search for a new green phosphor for use in tricolor white LEDs

An evolutionary optimization process involving a genetic algorithm and combinatorial chemistry was employed for the development of green phosphors which are suitable for tricolor white-light-emitting diodes. To accomplish a high luminescent efficiency at 400 nm excitation, we screened a seven-cation oxide system including Tb, Gd, Ce, Mg, Si, Al, and B. The combination of a genetic algorithm and combinatorial chemistry enhanced the searching efficiency when applied for phosphor screening. As a result, the optimized composition was Tb(0.01)Gd(0.02)Ce(0.04)B(0.1)Si(0.83)O(delta), The luminance of this borosilicate glass was 67% that of ZnS:Cu,Al at 400-nm excitation.