Exclusive measurement of quasifree proton-neutron bremsstrahlung

Data on proton-neutron bremsstrahlung have been obtained from a measurement of the quasifree breakup channel in proton-deuteron bremsstrahlung. This high-precision measurement, with an incident proton energy of 190 MeV, is fully exclusive; i.e., the protons, the neutron, and the photon have been detected. The quasifree differential cross sections obtained are compared with microscopic calculations and calculations based on soft-photon models. There are sizable differences between the models and also between the models and the data obtained for this simple process.     

Classical and quantum theories of the polarization bremsstrahlung in the local electron density model

Classical and quantum theories of polarization bremsstrahlung in a statistical (Thomas-Fermi) potential of complex atoms and ions are developed. The basic assumptions of the theories correspond to the approximations employed earlier in classical and quantum calculations of ordinary bremsstrahlung in a static potential. This makes it possible to study on a unified basis the contribution of both channels in the radiation taking account of their interference. The classical model makes it possible to obtain simple universal formulas for the spectral characteristics of the radiation. The theory is applied to electrons with moderate energies, which are characteristic for plasma applications, specifically, radiation from electrons on the argon-like ion KII at frequencies close to its ionization potential. The computational results show the importance of taking account of the polarization channel of the radiation for plasma with heavy ions.     

Study of electron bremsstrahlung in strong Coulomb fields at the ESR storage ring

Electron bremsstrahlung has been investigated for collisions of 223.2 MeV/amu He-like uranium ions with N₂ and Ar gaseous targets. The doubly differential cross-sections for bremsstrahlung are compared to the predictions of relativistic first order Born calculations (Bethe-Heitler formula with Elwert correction factor) and to the calculations based on the exact wavefunctions for electrons moving in the external point-Coulomb potential of the projectile. Whereas the “exact” IPA calculations give an improved agreement with experimental data, as compared to the Bethe-Heitler theory, in particular at the end-point region of the bremsstrahlung spectra, discrepancies still remain at lower photon energies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inclusive hadron photoproduction from longitudinally polarized protons and deuterons

We report measurements of the asymmetry A₆ for inclusive hadron production on longitudinally polarized proton and deuteron targets by circularly polarized photons. The photons were produced via internal and external bremsstrahlung from an electron beam of 48.35 GeV. Asymmetries for both positive and negative signed hadrons, and a subset of identified pions, were measured in the momentum range 10<P<30 GeV at 2.75° and 5.5°. Small non-zero asymmetries are observed for the proton, while the deuteron results are consistent with zero. Recent calculations do not describe the data well.     

Bremsstrahlung in the nuclear medium: Search for coherence phenomena

Photon angular distributions and energy spectra up to the kinematical limit have been measured in proton reactions with light and heavy targets. For the first time the dependence of photon spectra on scattered protons has been measured to investigate the influence of multiple-scattering processes on the photon production. A strong suppression of bremsstrahlung relative to a quasi-free production model using the free pn bremsstrahlung cross section is observed in the low-energy regime of the photon spectrum in p+nucleus reactions. We attribute this effect to modifications of the bremsstrahlung amplitude in the nuclear medium and to interference of photon amplitudes due to multiple scattering of nucleons.     

Angular analysis of bremsstrahlung in α-decay

A new quantum electrodynamical method of calculations of bremsstrahlung spectra in the α-decay of heavy nuclei taking into account the angle between the directions of α-particle motion (or its tunneling) and photon emission is presented. The angular bremsstrahlung spectra for ²¹⁰Po have been obtained for the first time. According to calculations, the bremsstrahlung in the α-decay of this nucleus depends extremely weakly on the angle. Taking into account nuclear forces, such dependence is not changed visibly. An analytical formula of the angular dependence of the bremsstrahlung spectra is proposed and gives its harmonic behavior. The extremal values of the angle, at which the bremsstrahlung has maximal and minimal values, have been found. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr Ivan Egorovich Kashuba --a brilliant scientist with bright nature who worked in science till his last days.     

On the angular dependence of photoprotons from nuclei irradiated with γ-quanta with maximum energy 4.5 GeV

The angular dependences of proton photoproduction from the nuclei ¹²C, ⁶³Cu and ²⁰⁸Pb irradiated by bremsstrahlung γ-quanta with maximum energy 4.5 GeV, both in the cumulative region (i.e. in the kinematical region in which the production of protons in the collision of γ-quanta of the given energy with the quasi-free nuclear nucleon is forbidden) and in the non-cumulative region, are investigated. The experimental data obtained are compared with the results of theoretical calculations of cumulative proton photoproduction according to the following models: the “quasi-two-body” scaling model, the low-nucleon correlation model, the fluctuon model and the cluster model.     

Absolute differential bremsstrahlung cross section for the scattering of 0.6-keV electrons by xenon atoms

The spectral distribution of the absolute differential cross section for total bremsstrahlung, including ordinary and polarization, for the scattering of 0.6-keV electrons from free xenon atoms has been measured. The bremsstrahlung photons have been detected at an angle of 97° with respect to the electron motion direction. The investigations have been carried out in the ultrasoft x-ray spectral region 60–240 eV. The results are compared with the total cross sections for bremsstrahlung calculated in several approximations for the scattering of 5-and 25-keV electrons by Xe atoms. Both the value and the spectral distribution of the experimental absolute cross sections are most satisfactorily reproduced by the calculations in the distorted partial wave approximation.     

p-A Drell-Yan Process in the Target Rest Frame

At high energies, Drell-Yan process can be viewed in the target rest frame as bremsstrahlung of massive photons, rather than parton annihilation. In this paper, the ratio of the p-A Drell-Yan cross section per nucleon for an 800 GeV proton beam incident on Fe, W, and Be targets are calculated by means of the color dipole approach in the target rest system. It is shown that our calculations can quite well fit the Fermilab E866 experimental data with considering the nuclear shadowing effect in p-A Drell-Yan process and without the energy loss effect in it.     

Internal bremsstrahlung and double internal bremsstrahlung in initial p-state electron capture

Internal bremsstrahlung (IB) and double internal bremsstrahlung (DIB) have been studied for initial p-state electron capture. In the case of IB the relative contributions of discrete and continuum intermediate states have been calculated and, in contrast to IB in initial Is state capture, it has been found that the contributions from the discrete intermediate states are dominant. Calculations for DIB have been extended and some approximations used in earlier calculations are shown to be reasonable. Predictions are made for DIB in the EC decay of SU55 Fe and ¹³¹Cs, nuclei which may be suitable for experimental investigations.     

Proton–proton bremsstrahlung towards the elastic limit at 190 MeV incident beam energy

A series of nucleon–nucleon bremsstrahlung (NNγ) experiments at 190 MeV incident beam energy have been performed at KVI in order to gain more insight into the dynamics governing the bremsstrahlung reaction. After initial measurements wherein the bremsstrahlung process was studied far away from the elastic limit, a new study was used to probe the process nearer to the elastic limit by measuring at lower photon energies. Measured cross sections and analyzing powers are compared with the predictions of a microscopic model and those of two soft-photon models. The theoretical calculations overestimate the data by up to ≈30%, for some kinematics.     

Isobar excitation in proton-proton bremsstrahlung

The contribution of intermediate nucleon isobars to proton-proton bremsstrahlung is calculated in a relativistic model. Using conventional coupling constants and form factors for the exchange of π- and ρ-mesons we find that for photon energies ω> 100 MeV isobar excitation increases the cross section markedly over the prediction of soft-photon calculations. Our results agree well with recent experiments at incident proton energy T_lab=730 MeV.     

Elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons from Fe and Cu : (II). Scattering and nuclear structure effects from coupled channels calculations

The differential cross sections for neutron scattering from ^{54, 56}Fe and ^{63, 65}Cu at energies between 8 and 14 MeV, which were reported in a companion paper, have been analyzed in the framework of the coupled channels formalism. Neutron potential deformations were extracted and compared with corresponding deformations deduced from the reanalysis of proton scattering measurements and Coulomb excitation results. The size of the Coulomb correction term in the absorptive proton potential is discussed. Matter root-mean-square radii are estimated from our potential and compared with results from -particle folding model calculations.     

The need for a state dependent interaction in proton inelastic scattering from 24Mg

The calculated angular distributions for proton elastic and inelastic scattering can be greatly improved by using an imaginary potential which depends upon the nuclear state. We demonstrate that this is just the effect expected from the coupling of deuteron channels and the phenomenon therefore provides a signature for multistep processes which is not dependent on detailed calculations. The obvious application to the usual DWBA calculations of inelastic proton scattering is mentioned.     

On the density of unfilled electronic states of Ti,TiC, TiN,and TiO by means of bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy

The bremsstrahlung isochromat spectra of metallic titanium, TiC, TiN, and TiO have been measured and are compared to existing band structure calculations. Isochromats taken at different quantum energies and calculated transition probabilities are used to separate and to identify bands of different symmetries.     

Absolutmessung der winkelkorrelation der inneren bremsstrahlung bei Y

The integral angular correlation of the internal bremsstrahlung in the ß-decay of ⁹⁰Y has been measured. The experiments are in better agreement with calculations of Ford and Martin [1], who take into account detour transitions, than with a modified KUB-theory.     

On relativistic electron bremsstrahlung in thin targets

The simple model of relativistic electron bremsstrahlung in a thin target is presented for conditions when its thickness less then a photon formation length. Results of our calculations obtained with account of an influence of target dielectric properties are in agreement with data at 25 GeV electron bremsstrahlung in thin layers of different media.     

Bremsstrahlung of fast charged particles on clusters in a wide spectral range

Within the framework of the first Born approximation and a simple model of the structural factor, the bremsstrahlung of fast charged particles on polyatomic clusters is calculated and analyzed with regard to the polarization mechanism in a wide spectral range including a domain of high frequencies. The role of cooperative phenomena in the static and polarization channels of bremsstrahlung is investigated. It is established that these phenomena, being negligible for static bremsstrahlung, substantially influence the polarization bremsstrahlung. It is shown that the constructive interference between the contributions of the atoms of a cluster to the polarization bremsstrahlung substantially increases its intensity and changes its dependence on the basic parameters of the problem compared with the case of bremsstrahlung on an isolated atom.     

Electroweak radiative corrections to deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Analytic results are presented on electroweak radiative corrections for neutral-current deepinelastic electron proton scattering at HERA energies. Single photon bremsstrahlung is included without cuts.