Extremal sizes of subspace partitions

A subspace partition Π of V?= V(n, q) is a collection of subspaces of V such that each 1-dimensional subspace of V is in exactly one subspace of Π. The size of Π is the number of its subspaces. Let σ _q (n, t) denote the minimum size of a subspace partition of V in which the largest subspace has dimension t, and let ρ _q (n, t) denote the maximum size of a subspace partition of V in which the smallest subspace has dimension t. In this article, we determine the values of σ _q (n, t) and ρ _q (n, t) for all positive integers n and t. Furthermore, we prove that if n ≥?2t, then the minimum size of a maximal partial t-spread in V(n +?t ?1, q) is σ _q (n, t).     

Carleson embeddings for Sobolev spaces via heat equation

Let u(t,x) be the solution of the heat equation (∂_t-Δ_x)u(t,x)=0 on subject to u(0,x)=f(x) on Rⁿ. The main goal of this paper is to characterize such a nonnegative measure μ on that f(x)?u(t²,x) induces a bounded embedding from the Sobolev space , p∈[1,n) into the Lebesgue space , q∈(0,∞).     

Remarks on a paper of C. Huang

We prove oscillation and nonoscillation theorems for the second order linear differential equation (E) y″+q(t)y=0, where q(t)?0 and locally integrable on These results are extensions of earlier results of Huang [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 210 (1997) 712-723]. Furthermore, we show that the oscillation criterion established for Eq. (E) can be extended to the delayed differential equation y″+q(t)y(σ(t))=0, where σ(t)?t and lim_t→∞σ(t)=∞.     

Likelihood ratio orderings of spacings of heterogeneous exponential random variables

Let X₁,X₂,…,X_n be independent exponential random variables such that X_i has failure rate λ for i=1,…,p and X_j has failure rate λ^* for j=p+1,…,n, where p≥1 and q=n-p≥1. Denote by D_i:n(p,q)=X_i:n-X_i-1:n the ith spacing of the order statistics , where X_0:n≡0. It is shown that D_i:n(p,q)?_lrD_i+1:n(p,q) for i=1,…,n-1, and that if λ?λ^* then , and for i=1,…,n, where ?_lr denotes the likelihood ratio order. The main results are used to establish the dispersive orderings between spacings.     

Homoclinic solutions for a class of the second order Hamiltonian systems

We study the existence of homoclinic orbits for the second order Hamiltonian system , where q∈Rⁿ and V∈C¹(R×Rⁿ,R), V(t,q)=-K(t,q)+W(t,q) is T-periodic in t. A map K satisfies the “pinching” condition b₁|q|²?K(t,q)?b₂|q|², W is superlinear at the infinity and f is sufficiently small in L²(R,Rⁿ). A homoclinic orbit is obtained as a limit of 2kT-periodic solutions of a certain sequence of the second order differential equations.     

Integers with dense divisors 2

Let 1=d₁(n)<d₂(n)<?<d_τ(n)=n be the sequence of all positive divisors of the integer n in increasing order. We say that the divisors of n are t-dense iff max_1?i<τ(n)d_i+1(n)/d_i(n)?t. Let D(x,t) be the number of positive integers not exceeding x whose divisors are t-dense. We show that for x?3, and , we have , where , and d(w) is a continuous function which satisfies d(w)?1/w for w?1. We also consider other counting functions closely related to D(x,t).     

Graphic sequences with a realization containing a complete multipartite subgraph

A nonincreasing sequence of nonnegative integers π=(d₁,d₂,…,d_n) is graphic if there is a (simple) graph G of order n having degree sequence π. In this case, G is said to realizeπ. For a given graph H, a graphic sequence π is potentiallyH-graphic if there is some realization of π containing H as a (weak) subgraph. Let σ(π) denote the sum of the terms of π. For a graph H and n∈Z⁺, σ(H,n) is defined as the smallest even integer m so that every n-term graphic sequence π with σ(π)≥m is potentially H-graphic. Let denote the complete t partite graph such that each partite set has exactly s vertices. We show that and obtain the exact value of σ(K_j+K_s,s,n) for n sufficiently large. Consequently, we obtain the exact value of for n sufficiently large.     

q-Partition algebra combinatorics

We study a q-analog Qr(n,q) of the partition algebra Pr(n). The algebra Qr(n,q) arises as the centralizer algebra of the finite general linear group GLn(Fq) acting on a vector space coming from r-iterations of Harish-Chandra restriction and induction. For n?2r, we show that Qr(n,q) has the same semisimple matrix structure as Pr(n). We compute the dimension to be a q-polynomial that specializes as dn,r(1)=nr and dn,r(0)=B(r), the rth Bell number. Our method is to write dn,r(q) as a sum over integer sequences which are q-weighted by inverse major index. We then find a basis of indexed by n-restricted q-set partitions of {1,…,r} and show that there are dn,r(q) of these.     

Sets of elements that pairwise generate a linear group

Let G be any of the groups (P)GL(n,q), (P)SL(n,q). Define a (simple) graph Γ=Γ(G) on the set of elements of G by connecting two vertices by an edge if and only if they generate G. Suppose that n is at least 12. Then the maximum size of a complete subgraph in Γ is equal to the chromatic number of Γ if , or if , q is odd and G=(P)SL(n,q). This work was motivated by a question of Blackburn.     

Carleson measure problems for parabolic Bergman spaces and homogeneous Sobolev spaces

Let be the space of solutions to the parabolic equation having finite norm. We characterize nonnegative Radon measures μ on having the property , 1≤p≤q<∞, whenever . Meanwhile, denoting by v(t,x) the solution of the above equation with Cauchy data v₀(x), we characterize nonnegative Radon measures μ on satisfying , β∈(0,n), p∈[1,n/β], q∈(0,∞). Moreover, we obtain the decay of v(t,x), an isocapacitary inequality and a trace inequality.     

A lower bound for the Lindelöf function associated to generalized integers

In this paper we study generalized prime systems for which the integer counting function NP(x) is asymptotically well-behaved, in the sense that NP(x)=ρx+O(xβ), where ρ is a positive constant and . For such systems, the associated zeta function ζP(s) has finite order for , and the Lindelöf function μP(σ) may be defined. We prove that for all such systems, μP(σ)?μ₀(σ) for σ>β, where

     

Non-uniform Turán-type problems

Given positive integers n,k,t, with 2?k?n, and t<2^k, let m(n,k,t) be the minimum size of a family F of (nonempty distinct) subsets of [n] such that every k-subset of [n] contains at least t members of F, and every (k-1)-subset of [n] contains at most t-1 members of F. For fixed k and t, we determine the order of magnitude of m(n,k,t). We also consider related Turán numbers T_?r(n,k,t) and T_r(n,k,t), where T_?r(n,k,t) (T_r(n,k,t)) denotes the minimum size of a family such that every k-subset of [n] contains at least t members of F. We prove that T_?r(n,k,t)=(1+o(1))T_r(n,k,t) for fixed r,k,t with and n→∞.     

Counting descent pairs with prescribed tops and bottoms

Given sets X and Y of positive integers and a permutation σ=σ₁σ₂?σn∈Sn, an (X,Y)-descent of σ is a descent pair σi>σi+1 whose “top” σi is in X and whose “bottom” σi+1 is in Y. We give two formulas for the number of σ∈Sn with s(X,Y)-descents. is also shown to be a hit number of a certain Ferrers board. This work generalizes results of Kitaev and Remmel [S. Kitaev, J. Remmel, Classifying descents according to parity, math.CO/0508570; S. Kitaev, J. Remmel, Classifying descents according to equivalence , math.CO/0604455] on counting descent pairs whose top (or bottom) is equal to .     

An approximate orthogonal decomposition method for the solution of generalized Liouville equations

An analytical-numerical integration method for the generalized Liouville equation is proposed and analyzed. Taking into account a Cauchy condition f(q,p,t)_|t=0=f₀(q,p) for the phase space distribution function, we constructed the problem solution as series expansion in time variable t using orthogonal polynomials and Hermite function. Also we proved the corresponding convergence theorems under certain boundedness conditions upon a Liouville operator.     

On a property of plane curves

Let γ:[0,1]→²[0,1] be a continuous curve such that γ(0)=(0,0), γ(1)=(1,1), and γ(t)∈²(0,1) for all t∈(0,1). We prove that, for each n∈N, there exists a sequence of points Ai, 0?i?n+1, on γ such that A₀=(0,0), An+1=(1,1), and the sequences and , 0?i?n, are positive and the same up to order, where π₁, π₂ are projections on the axes.     

High-dimensional asymptotic expansions for the distributions of canonical correlations

This paper examines asymptotic distributions of the canonical correlations between and with q≤p, based on a sample of size of N=n+1. The asymptotic distributions of the canonical correlations have been studied extensively when the dimensions q and p are fixed and the sample size N tends toward infinity. However, these approximations worsen when q or p is large in comparison to N. To overcome this weakness, this paper first derives asymptotic distributions of the canonical correlations under a high-dimensional framework such that q is fixed, m=n−p→∞ and c=p/n→c₀∈[0,1), assuming that and have a joint (q+p)-variate normal distribution. An extended Fisher’s z-transformation is proposed. Then, the asymptotic distributions are improved further by deriving their asymptotic expansions. Numerical simulations revealed that our approximations are more accurate than the classical approximations for a large range of p,q, and n and the population canonical correlations.     

On simultaneous approximation to (α,α) with α+kα−1=0

We show that the modified Jacobi-Perron algorithm gives the best simultaneous approximation to (α,α²) with α³+kα−1=0. We claim the following facts:

(1)

the limit set of become an ellipse, where (p_n,q_n,r_n) is the nth convergent (p_n/q_n,r_n/q_n) of (α,α²) by the modified Jacobi-Perron algorithm,

(2)

the limit set of belongs to outside of the ellipse in (1).