Fatty-acid composition of the lipids of coregonids of the Ob basin

The fatty acid compositions of the lipids of the muscles of the back and of the abdomen of a pelyad from the lakes of the Ob basin have been studied by gas-liquid chromatography; 29 acids have been detected of which 27 have been identified. It has been established that the lipids of the muscles of the back of the pelyad contain 37.2% of polyunsaturated and 37.3% of monoenoic acids the main components of which are oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, octadecatetraenoic, and eicosapentaenoic acids, amounting in total to 65%. The lipids of the muscles of the pelyad are unique among lipids of fresh-water fish in their content of tri- and tetraenoic acids. As compared with the usual composition, the neutral lipids are characterized by higher amounts of monoenoic and lower amounts of polyenoic acids.Tyumen' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 555–558, September–October, 1981.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofPleurotus ostreatus

The composition of the fruiting body ofPleurotus ostreatus has been studied. The total neutral lipids and phospholipids have been isolated. In the neutral lipids, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterol and triterpenol esters predominated. In the phospholipids, the main components were phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines. The qualitative compositions of the sugars and the pectin are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 74. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 362–364, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted June 20, 1994.     

Lipids of cottonseed kernels

The free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of the seed kernels of the cotton plant of variety 108-F have been studied. It has been shown that the free and bound lipids include 97.3% and 47.6% of neutral lipids, respectively. The polar lipids consist mainly of phospholipids and glycolipids. Two groups of glycolipids — sterol glycosides and glycosylglycerides — have been isolated and their compositions have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–438, July–August, 1983.     

Lipids ofPhellodendron lavalei seeds

The chemical composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids from seeds ofPhellodendron lavalei cork is studied. Characteristic features of the fine structure of the separate classes are found. Significant quantities of eicosatrienoic acid and neutral lipids are found. The polar lipids are biologically active.Deceased.I. G. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Georgia, Tbilisi, fax (99532) 25 00 26. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 220–222, May–June, 2000.     

Lipids of some aquatic plants of the Central Volga region

The lipid characteristics of five species of aquatic plants of the Central Volga region have been investigated. The total amount of lipids and the ratio of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been found and the amounts of individual phospholipids and also the fatty-acid composition and the distribution of the fatty acids over the lipid classes have been determined.Institute of the Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 206–209, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted August 15, 1994.     

Fatty acid composition of the lipids of whitefish of the Ob basin. II. Influence of localization on the composition of total and neutral lipids

The composition of methyl esters of the fatty acids of the total and neutral lipids from the viscera, dark muscles, and brain of pelyads from the water bodies of the Ob basin have been studied by gas-liquid chromatography in comparison with the fatty acid composition of the total lipids of the light muscles. In all the lipids, 29 acids were detected and 27 were identified, six of which made up 75 to 79% of the total. It has been shown that the uniqueness of the total lipids of the viscera and dark muscles is due to a high content of eicosapentaenoic acid, while the brain lipids are distinguished by a high palmitic acid content. In the neutral lipids, regardless of their localization, the concentration of polyenes falls and the concentration of monoenes rises.     

Lipids ofZizyphus jujuba

The acyl-containing classes of neutral lipids have been studied and the amounts of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition have been determined in the pericarps and seeds ofZizyphus jujuba. The fatty oil of the seeds contains oleic acid while in the neutral lipids of the pericarps the main acid is the biologically active palmitoleic. In the qualitative respect, the set of phospholipids in the seeds is more diverse, while the main classes quantitatively in both parts of the fruit are phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols. The phospholipids of the pericarps are more saturated than those of the seeds.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 21–24, January–February, 1990.     

Lipids of silkworm cocoons

The lipid complex of silkworm cocoons had been investigated. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the total neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been determined. Considerable differences have been noted in the amounts of individual fatty acids in the neutral lipids and the phospholipids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 664–666, September–October, 1995. Original article submitted November 7, 1994.     

Lipids of the fruit of Citrus unshiu

The compositions and the amounts of various groups of liposoluble compounds in the component elements of the fruits ofCitrus unshiu Marc. [satsuna variety of mandarin orange] — the flavedo, the albedo, the membrane, and the flesh — have been determined by chromatographic and chemical methods. About 30 groups of lipid compounds belonging to the classes of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been identified and characterized. The fatty-acid compositions of the main classes of lipids have been studied. About 30 different carotenoids have been determined in the various elements of the satsuma orange.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 342–348, May–June, 1989.     

Lipids ofSilene brahuica

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex of the epigeal part ofSilene brahuica Boiss. (family Caryophyllaaceae) have been studied. The fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids has been determined. Some differences have been found in the compositions of the fatty acids of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 512–514, July–August, 1993.     

Isolation of phosphatidylinositol from soybean phosphatides

A method is described for isolating phosphatidylinositol (PI) from a lipid extract of soybean phosphatides. The method includes the separation of the extract with the aid of a Büchner funnel and alumina into two fractions — choline-containing phospholipids and a PI fraction — and the purification of the latter on a column of DEAE-cellulose. As a by-product, phosphatidylethanolamine with a chromatographic purity of 95–96% is obtained from the PI fraction.Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of the Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Far Eastern State University, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 35–38, January–February, 1984.     

Lipids of two species of brown algae of the genusLaminaria

The compositions of the neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of the brown algaeLaminaria japonica andLaminaria cichoriodes have been studied. It has been found that the glycolipids are the main lipid classes in these algae. Palmitic, oleic, and polyunsaturated acids with 18 and 20 carbon atoms form the group of main acids. The lipids of both species of theLaminaria genus have a complex composition but they differ by the ratios of their fatty acids.Institute of Marine Biology, Far-eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, fax (4232) 310900, e-mail: lipid@biom.marine.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1999.     

Unusual acid isomers in the phospholipids ofErysimum

Summary The great diversity of the fatty acids of the total phospholipids and of the neutral lipids of the seedsErysimum sp.(sylvestris?) has been shown. By combination of the methods of UV, IR, and mass spectrometry, and also by TLC and GLC analyses with chemical methods of analysis with the fatty acids the presence in the phospholipids of the seeds of this plant of isomers of linoleic and eicosadienic acids that are unusual for the phospholipids of higher plants has been shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 180–184, March–April, 1978.     

Lipids of microalgae. III. Lipids of the biomass ofMonocrysis lutheri grown under the conditons of an accumulation culture

The class composition of the lipids of the biomass of the microalgaMonochrysis lutheri grown under the accumulation regime of cultivation has been investigated for the first time. A predominance of triacylglycerols in the neutral lipids, of phosphatidylcholine in the phospholipids, and of digalactosyldiacylglycerols in the glycolipids has been established. New natural alkan-8-ones of the C₃₆-C₅₀ series have been detected.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances. Academy of Sciences, of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 325–330, May–June, 1994.     

Fatty acid composition of the main phospholipids of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba

The Antarctic krillEuphausia superba Dana contains about 5% of its natural weight of extractable lipids, more than half of which are in the form of phospholipids — phosphatidylcholine (33–36% of the sum of the lipids), phosphatidylethanolamine (15–17%), lysophosphatidylcholine (3–4%), and others (2–3%) — while among the phosphorus-free components triacylglycerols predominate (32–35%). In the first two phospholipids the dominating fatty acid residue is the arachidonic acid residue (more than 40% of the sum of the acyl residues) and the amounts of residues of eicosapentaenoic acid (C_{20 : 5w3}) are about 13 and 28%, respectively. A simple procedure for isolating the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine is proposed. For the analysis of the fatty acid a new method was used, consisting of the HPLC of their (7-diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)hydrazides, with fluorometric detection.Scientific Research Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Hydrobionts, USSR Ministry of Health, Moscow. K. A. Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 181–187, March–April, 1990.     

Post-infection changes in lipids of the roots of a cotton plant variety moderately resistant to Verticillium dahliae

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of healthy roots of the cotton plant of the Tashkent-1 variety (I) and of the corresponding plants infected withVerticillium dahliae Kleb. (II) grown under field conditions. The action of the factors of infection stress and seasonal and climatic conditions change the lipid metabolism. In lipids (I) and (II) seven classes of neutral lipids (NLs), three classes of glycolipids, and six classes of phospholipids (PLs) were identified and their fatty acid compositions were determined. It was established that in (II) there was a smaller amount of total lipids, NLs, and PLs, and an increased level of polyphenolic pigments, but the level of gossypol pigments with free aldehyde groups was unchanged. In the NLs of (II), as compared with (I), there were more triacylglycerols, sterols, triterpenols, and squalene. Complex changes were observed in the fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1989.     

Lipids ofHeracleum lehmannianum seeds

The lipid complex of the seeds ofHeracleum lehmannianum B. has been studied. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospho- and glycolipids, and the fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing classes of lipids have been determined. It has been shown that the neutral and the polar lipids differ considerably from one another with respect to the level of certain fatty acids. The position-species compositions of the TAGS and of the main components of the phospholipids have been calculated from the results of lipolytic hydrolysis.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 10–14, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted June 12, 1995.     

Lipids of microalgae. I. Lipids and a protein hydrolysate fromMonochrysis lutheri

The class composition and the total fatty acid composition of the readily- and difficulty-extractable lipids and the amino acid composition of a protein hydrolysate of the dry biomass from the golden-yellow microalgaMonochrysis lutheri have been determined for the first time. It has been established that the difficulty-extractable lipids differ sharply from the readily extractable lipids in the composition of the neutral and glycolipid components and also in that of the fatty acids; 27% of the weight of the fatty acids of the latter is composed of the 20:4 and 20:5 species. The protein hydrolysate ofM. lutheri contains almost the whole set of essential fatty acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 507–511, July–August, 1993.     

Lipids of the fruit of Diospyros kaki

The composition and amounts of the various groups of liposoluble compounds in the rind and flesh of persimmon fruit of the varieties Hachiya and Hyakume have been established by a combination of chromatographic and chemical methods. The identity of the qualitative composition of the lipids of the flesh and rind of the fruit and quantitative differences in the amounts of individual groups have been found. A total of 24 groups of compounds were identified, the main ones of which were monogalactosyldiglycerides, carotenoids, diacylglycerols, ceramide oligosides, digalactosyldiglycerides, phosphatidylglycerols; phosphatidylcholines, and free and glycosylated sterols. In the fatty acid composition of the lipids unsaturated fatty acids — linolenic, oleic, linoleic, and palmitoleic — predominated (>70%).M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 501–505, July–August, 1987.     

The lipids ofHibiscus seeds

The composition and amounts of various classes of lipids of the seeds of Hibiscus sp. have been investigated. Seven classes of neutral lipids, five of phospholipids, and five of glycolipids have been identified and their fatty-acid and triglyceride compositions have been established. The presence has been shown of 16 main types of triacylglycerols and 25 types of epoxyacyldiacylglycerols. An epoxy-18.0 and an epoxy-18:1 acid in a combined amount of 1.4% have been detected among the acids of the free lipids, together with 8.1% of cyclopropenoid acids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 40–44, January–February, 1995. Original article submitted October 24, 1994.