Jones 矩阵在偏振光实验中的应用

将Jones矩阵应用于偏振光实验研究,通过偏振光的Jones矢量表示和偏振器件的Jones矩阵,分析了偏振光通过偏振器件后偏振态的变化,准确方便地解释了偏振光实验中的实验现象。     

光学非均匀复合材料的多元滞后器模型

提出了光学非均匀纤维增强复合材料的复杂双折射现象的多元滞后器模型。给出了多元滞后器矩阵以及由此衍生的一组光强、方位角及滞后量公式，给出了多元与二元等效的证明，并认为二元滞后量应被看作是多元滞后量的一种统计等效值。穿过非均匀介质的偏振光具有复杂的波前，可分解为一组具有不同空间频率的平面波，且每一束平面波都由一对正交偏振光组成。所有这些平面波在试样前方的、垂直于原入射光方向的屏幕上任一点的干涉，在数学上可表示为表征这些平面波的Ｊｏｎｅｓ向量的不同权值的叠加。由于每一对正交偏振光均对应于一个光学均匀微元的Ｊｏｎｅｓ矩阵，因而可用由若干这些Ｊｏｎｅｓ矩阵的叠加所得的多元滞后量矩阵来表征光学非均匀纤维增强复合材料的双折射行为。 关键词：     

偏振光的χ矢量表示及应用

从Jones矢量的定义中引入了χ矢量,利用该矢量的定义给出了偏振光的χ矢量复平面表示,在该二维复平面上,确定了各个点与偏振光的态势相对应的关系.同时证明了与Jones矢阵的本征态有关的几个重要的结论:任何光学系统的Jones矩阵都有两个本征态;旋光介质的两个本征态是左旋和右旋圆偏振光;偏振器的本征态是两个正交的线偏振光;双折射介质的两个本征态是分别沿快、慢轴方向的线偏振光.     

偏光全息研究历程与展望

全息是目前一项极具前景的科学技术,即通过信号光和参考光的干涉,在小小的全息图上记录丰富的信息。相比于传统全息仅记录光波的相位、振幅信息,偏光全息可以将额外的偏振信息记录于偏振态敏感材料中。本文从偏光全息材料入手,详细介绍了偏光全息生产过程;同时介绍基于琼斯理论和张量理论的偏光全息原理和研究进展;最后描述了偏光全息在全息存储和纳米光学领域的发展前景。     

Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions in polarization optics

Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles, respectively. It is shown to be possible to produce combinations of optical filters which exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions. This is possible because the combined effects of rotation, phase-shift, and attenuation filters lead to transformation matrices of the six-parameter Lorentz group applicable to Jones vectors and Stokes parameters for polarized light waves. The symmetry transformations in special relativity lead to a set of experiments which can be performed in optics laboratories.     

用琼斯算法求解椭圆光正反射问题需采用的数学处理方法

采用琼斯算法并结合Poincare球的图示研究了单色椭圆偏振光经理想平面镜正反射的特性,然后将获得的结论推广到圆偏振光及线偏振光经平面镜正反射的情形,再用偏振态几何参量表示法对结论加以验证,并提出便于记住结论的镜像法,以期对椭圆偏振光正反射问题的琼斯算法及获得结果的物理含义给出比较直观的诠释。同时指出采用琼斯算法求解偏振光学问题时需采用的特殊数学处理方法及产生这一现象的原因。     

Use of Dirac matrices in polarization optics

Several matrix methods have been developed for studying polarization properties of light. Jones was the first to apply the matrix method to the study of polarization optics. In Jones matrix formalism the polarized wave field is represented by 2-element column matrix known as Jones Vector and the polarization device encountered by light is represented by a 2×2 matrix, known as the characteristic Jones matrix of the device. Mueller introduced a new matrix method where the wave field is represented by a 4-dimensional vector. The elements of the vector are the Stokes parameters of the beam. In Mueller matrix formalism the optical device is represented by a 4×4 real matrix known as ‘Mueller Matrix’ of the device. The use of coherency matrix also proves to the useful in the study of partially polarized light. Pauli spin matrices have been used to unify the different matrix treatments of polarization optical phenomena. The present article is an attempt to unify the analysis of polarization phenomena using Dirac matrices used by Dirac in quantum mechanics. We have however redefined the set of Dirac matrices in terms of the Kronecher product of Pauli spin matrices.     

Irreversible effects of random modulation on coherence properties of partially polarized light

The effect of the multiplication of two vector electric fields by random Jones matrices on their coherence properties is investigated by analyzing their interference fringes. It is shown that these random modulations cannot increase the maximal visibility obtained when the polarization states of the two analyzed electric fields are optimized. This new result generalizes a standard property of perfectly polarized light to partially polarized light and is representative of the irreversible effects of random modulations.     

Mean-square coherent light

Mean-square coherent light is defined as light that is able to interfere with fringes of unit visibility when its electromagnetic field is multiplied by appropriate nonsingular deterministic Jones matrices. It includes light that satisfies the factorization condition at order one and partially polarized light that leads to interference fringes of unit visibility. A necessary and sufficient experimentally measurable condition to determine if two electromagnetic fields are mean-square coherent is established. Furthermore, different properties of partially polarized mean-square coherent light are discussed, such as its relation to the factorization condition and its evolution with propagation.     

光致各向异性记录介质偏振全息图的透射矩阵

在给定参、物光波的偏振态和位相差的关系以后,用光致各向异性介质记录偏振全息图的光学常数分布便被确定。这样,可以把偏振全息图看作是一种复杂的偏振元件,按照偏振元件的矩阵理论,可以求出偏振全息图的透射矩阵。透射矩阵与照明光的琼斯矢量相乘,便可以求出再现光波的琼斯矢量。 关键词：     

用琼斯矩阵法分析别汉棱镜像面偏振态分布

 基于反射定律的矢量式易于追迹复杂系统中光线的三维空间传播方向,计算了别汉棱镜每一面反射光线的方向,利用琼斯矢量法建立每一反射平面的琼斯矩阵以及面与面之间的传输矩阵,得到了一束线偏振平行光通过别汉棱镜后像面上的偏振状态分布,即经由2个屋脊面出射的光束是2个方位角不同的椭圆偏振光,这2个方位角的大小与入射线偏振光的振动方向有关。采用斯托克斯参量测量法,对别汉棱镜像面上偏振状态的分布进行了实验检测,得到了与理论分析一致的结果,指出别汉棱镜的偏振效应将会导致出射光束偏振状态的不均匀分布。     

石英晶体右旋光与左旋光折射率差的温度特性

利用Jones矩阵,从理论上分析了石英晶体的旋光特性。在-10～60℃的温度范围内,实验测试了石英晶体的旋光角随温度的变化关系,并得出了石英晶体右旋圆偏振光与左旋圆偏振光折射率差随温度的变化关系。结果表明,对单色光来说,石英晶体右旋光与左旋光折射率差随温度的升高而增加,也就是说,石英晶体的旋光率随温度变化的这一特性是由晶体的右旋圆偏振光与左旋圆偏振光的折射率差随温度的变化引起的。     

基于菌紫质薄膜的相移器及其应用

设计了一种基于菌紫质光致各向异性的相移器,并把它用于相移干涉计量。取向随机分布的极性菌紫质分子对线偏振诱导光的选择性吸收导致分子取向分布不均匀,使其呈现宏观的各向异性,这种各向异性与诱导光的偏振特性密切相关,圆偏振光经过各向异性的菌紫质薄膜后,出射光的偏振特性完全由偏振诱导光决定。基于上述原理设计了一种新型的相移器,用琼斯矩阵法推导了基于相移器的相移干涉原理。该相移器在工作过程中不需要移动Mach-Zender干涉仪内部的任何器件,仅需要改变外部控制光路中诱导光的偏振取向就可以控制参考光的相位,有助于提高设备的抗振能力。用最小二乘法对相移干涉结果进行重建,得到了和实际相位一致的结果,验证了相移器的可行性。     

非理想1/4波片对泵浦光偏振态的影响

为了研究调整架角度误差以及波片与光源波长不匹配对线偏振光经过1/4波片之后偏振态的影响,本文利用坐标变换法得到1/4波片的琼斯矩阵,并用琼斯矩阵表示各偏振态。推导出波片与光源不匹配时对偏振态的影响理论模型。当考虑到调整架的角度误差时,对入射光偏振态以及波片的琼斯矩阵表达式做引入角度误差的泰勒展开,最后得到和实验结果匹配的仿真曲线。仿真结果表明,当采用808 nm 1/4波片对795 nm波长的线偏振光作用时,在不考虑调整误差的理想情况下出射光椭圆度最高为0.9746,考虑调整误差时,对应理想情况下椭圆度最高为0.96,椭圆度最高点偏移1.72°。仿真和实验结果为进一步分析泵浦光椭圆度对原子参数的影响提供了依据。     

投影光学系统中的偏振像差分析

当光束斜入射时,光学薄膜存在一定的偏振效应。在飞利浦棱镜系统中,当一定大小孔径角的照明光束斜入射到分色合色薄膜后,S偏振分量和P偏振分量存在一定的相位差,使得线偏振光变成椭圆偏振光。利用琼斯矩阵偏振光线追迹的方法,分析了投影光学系统中由于两偏振分量相位差引起的偏振像差,以及它与暗态泄漏光强和系统衬比度的关系。得出了系统出瞳面上的光波偏振特性,以及在不同大小孔径角的照明光束入射下偏振像差的变化。分析了膜厚监控误差对光学系统偏振像差的影响,发现膜厚监控误差对偏振像差和系统衬比度有很大的影响。所使用的分析方法可以应用于其他大口径光学系统。     

Vector and tensor polarizations of light beams

Generalized Stokes vectors consisting of nine real parameters in terms of irreducible spherical and Cartesian tensor operators are considered to describe the 3D electromagnetic field. Vector and tensor polarization degrees are introduced to characterize the polarized beam. It is shown that the degree of a pure vector polarized light beam is less than 1, i.e., vector polarized light beam is only partially polarized. The geometrical interpretation of vector and tensor polarizations is presented.     

The connection between Mueller and Jones matrices of polarization optics

A necessary and sufficient condition for the 4 × 4 Mueller matrix to be derivable from the 2 × 2 Jones matrix is obtained. This condition allows one to determine if a given Mueller matrix describes a totally polarized system or a partially polarized (depolarizing) system. The result of Barakat is analysed in the light of this condition. A recently reported experimentally measured Mueller matrix is examined using this condition and is shown to represent a partially polarized system.     

椭圆偏振光的实验分析与数据处理

利用Jones矩阵解释椭圆偏振光经检偏器的出射光强与检偏器转角不成椭圆分布的原因,并用极坐标系下数据处理的两种物理模型,定量描绘出椭圆偏振光曲线。     

偏振光学编码及解码研究

提出了用 Li Nb O3晶体制作的光耦合双泡克耳斯楔编码器的设计方法 ,分析了在远场空间的偏振编码原理 ,并对其用琼斯矩阵法作了解码分析     

折叠式角锥棱镜谐振腔的偏振特性理论与实验研究

建立了角锥棱镜的偏振模型,分析了角锥棱镜对入射线偏振光的偏振态的影响,分析表明角锥棱镜的单个入射区域存在特殊的偏振方向,该方向的线偏振光被角锥棱镜反射后仍然是线偏振光。利用角锥棱镜的该特性设计了腔内存在线偏振光振荡的角锥棱镜激光谐振腔,能够使用电光开关调Q,在振动环境中具有较好的抗失调稳定性。研制了激光器样机并进行了实验,在重复频率为10 Hz时,输出激光单脉冲能量大于300 mJ,光束质量因子β值在2左右,实验结果也表明角锥棱镜的棱和顶点并不影响输出激光的光束质量。