The influence of dielectric layer on the thermal boundary resistance of GaN-on-diamond substrate

The cooling behavior of GaN-on-diamond substrate can be enhanced by reducing the thermal boundary resistance (TBR), which is mainly determined by the nature of interlayer. Although SiN film is considered as the primary candidate of dielectric layer, it is still needed to be optimized. In order to facilitate the understanding of the influence of dielectric layer on the TBR of GaN-on-Diamond substrate, aluminum nitride (AlN), and silicon nitride (SiN) film were compared systematically, both of which are 100 nm. The time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements, adhesion evaluation, and microstructural analysis methods were adopted to analyse these two interlayers. The results show the TBR of SiN interlayer is as low as 38.5 ± 2.4 m²K GW⁻¹, comparing with the value of 56.4 ± 5.5 m²K GW⁻¹ for AlN interlayer. The difference of TBR between these two interlayers is elucidated by the diamond nucleation density, and the adhesion between the diamond film and GaN substrate, both of which are affected by the surface charge and chemical groups of the dielectric layer.     

合成榍石的抗辐照稳定性和热稳定性

以H2SiO3、CaCO3、TiO2为原料,通过固相反应合成榍石,并对合成的榍石进行热处理和60Co源辐照试验,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、激光拉曼光谱(LRS)等分析手段,研究合成榍石的抗辐照稳定性和热稳定性.结果表明,辐照累计剂量为5.76×105Gy的60Co源辐照没有造成榍石晶格的辐射损伤,合成的榍石具有良好的抗辐照稳定性;在200℃、400℃、600℃、800℃热处理24h,榍石晶体没有发生物相变化,合成榍石晶体具有良好的热稳定性.     

Tetraarylphosphonium perfluorocyclobutyl polyelectrolyte with low critical surface energy,high thermal stability,and high alkaline resistance

Two tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes having perfluorocyclobutyl units in their backbones have been prepared in which the counteranion is either bromide ( PFP· Br) or bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide ( PFP· NTf₂). These polymers exhibit high thermal stability as assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, with a decomposition temperature of 460 °C for PFP· NTf₂. Even after heating at 300 °C for 72 h, PFP· NTf₂ shows no signs of degradation detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. As is typical for many tetraarylphosphonium species, films of these polymers can be quite resistant to degradation by alkaline solution. Upon alkaline challenge by exposure to 6 M NaOH at 65 °C for 24 h, for example, only 16% of the phosphonium centers in PFP ·NTf₂ are degraded, making PFP ·NTf₂ one of the most alkaline‐stable phosphonium polymers to date. Despite having ionic backbones, PFP· Br and PFP· NTf₂ exhibit very low critical surface energies of 26.1 and 22.9 mJ m^?1, respectively. These values are on par with the values for poly(vinylene fluoride) and dimethylsiloxane. Such low surface energy polycations capable of high alkaline stability may find application as components of alkaline fuel cell membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57, 2267–2272     

苯并三呋咱氧化物中主要杂质对其热安定性的影响

根据苯并三呋咱氧化物（BTF）中主要杂质的种类，分别选择了三叠氮三硝基苯（TNTAB）、三氯三硝基苯（TCTNB）和叠氮化钠（NaN3)作为杂质研究对象，采用机械混合的方法制备了一系列不同配比的BTF混合物，再通过差热（DTA）、差示扫描量热（DSC）、真空安定性试验（VST）、布氏压力法、热失重、5s爆发点等热分析方法进行测试，结果表明TCTNB和NaN3对BTF热安定性影响较小，而TNTAB是影响BTF热安定性的主要因素。     

An effect of polymers on thermal stability of bitumens

Results of studies dealing with an effect of polymers (selected kinds) and plasticizer on thermal stability of coal-tar pitch were presented. Factors being decisive in miscibility of composition constituents and instability of bitumen-polymer-plasyticizer mixtures were determined.     

Glass forming ability and thermal stability of oxyfluoride glasses

New oxyfluoride glasses based on the system ZrO₂-Pr₂O₃-ZrF₄-BaF₂ were obtained, and the glass forming ability of this system was evaluated. The effects of glass composition on both thermal stability and the crystalline phases formed upon heat treatment were determined by the DSC and XRD methods, respectively. The composition with higher thermal stability and better glass forming ability contained 2 mol% of oxides.     

碱土金属钨铬杂多配合物的合成、表征及热稳定性研究

用直接法合成了以Cr为中心原子的碱土金属和W的三元杂多配合物,经ICP和TG曲线确定其化学式为K7[CrA(H2O)W11O39].xH2O(A=Mg2 ,Ca2 ,Sr2 和Ba2 ),采用IR,UV,XRD,XPS和183W NMR等手段对配合物结构进行了表征,确认所合成的配合物为-αKeggin结构.借助TG-DTA详细讨论了配合物的热稳定性,得出合成配合物的热稳定温度为450℃左右.     

聚乙烯醇缩丁醛热稳定性能的研究

本文通过两步加料法合成了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)树脂并对其热稳定性进行了研究.由热老化和热重数据可知,碱金属和碱土金属氢氧化物NaOH、Ca(OH)2、Ba(OH)2的加入分别在不同程度上提高了PVB树脂热稳定性,比较发现,Ba(OH)2的热稳定效率最高.此外,本文通过红外光谱和紫外光谱分析,对碱的热稳定机理进行了探讨,结果表明碱之所以能够延缓PVB高温下的热降解,是因为碱可以阻碍PVB受热后缩醛开环和共轭结构的形成.     

The kinetic behaviour and thermal stability of commercially available explosives

Summary Manufactures of commercially available explosives guarantee a certain lifetime of their products. In the commercial field this lifetime is usually large enough. The explosive is normally used long before the end of its lifetime. It may happen that these explosives are stored for a long time in a bunker where they sometimes exceed their lifetime. A large set of commercial explosives is characterized with a TG by heating small samples in aluminium sample cups from room temperature to 550°C, under a nitrogen atmosphere, with three different heating rates (2, 5 and 10 K min^-1). The activation energy of the decomposition step is determined in several different ways. After this characterization, a selection of the samples (based on economical value) is artificially aged for periods of 2, 4 and 6 weeks. After these ageing profiles the samples are re-investigated with the TG under the same conditions (heating rates and atmosphere) followed by the calculation of the kinetic parameters of the artificially aged materials. According to the TG measurements almost all tested explosives appear to have a much longer lifetime than the values given by the manufacturer. From kinetic point of view, the different methods for calculating the activation energy result in approximately the same parameters. It may conclude that TG seems to be a reliable and quick method for the determination of the lifetime of commercial explosives.     

Thermal stability and flame resistance of polypyrrole-coated PET fibres

Electro-conducting doped polypyrrole was deposited by in situ oxidative polymerisation on PET non-wovens. Thermal properties were evaluated by means of DSC and TG in nitrogen and air. Flame resistance tests reveal that coated PET fibres resist to direct contact with fire. By thermal analysis, it was found that PPy reduces the temperature at which thermo-oxidative degradation of PET occurs. Polypyrrole-coated PET non-wovens were heated above the melting point of PET for 30 min. After the heating the fibres become brittle and frail, but SEM observations revealed that they maintained their fibrous shape. A loss of chlorine was found because of intense heating.     

The thermal stability of triprolidine hydrochloride and its mixtures with cyclodextrin and glucose

Triprolidine hydrochloride (C₁₉H₂₂N₂·HCl·H₂O) (TPH) is a well-known antihistamine drug which is reported as being photosensitive. The thermal stabilities of TPH and of 1:1 molar and 1:1 mass ratio physical mixtures of TPH with β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and with glucose have been examined using DSC, TG and TG-FTIR, complemented by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopic (IR) studies. Thermal studies of the solid TPH/BCD mixtures indicated that interaction between the components occurs and it is possible that the TPH molecule may be least partially accommodated in the cavity of the BCD host molecule. XRD results support this indication of inclusion. The results of molecular modelling suggest that TPH is most likely to be accommodated in the BCD cavity as a neutral triprolidine molecule with the toluene portion of the molecule preferentially included in the cavity. The results obtained illustrate the general stability of TPH. The study has also shown TPH to be compatible with both glucose and BCD, which are potential excipients both in solid and liquid dosage forms. The presence of these excipients in dosage forms will thus not adversely affect the stability and the therapeutic efficacy of TPH. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of thermal stability of phenol stabilizers by means of thermogravimetric analysis

A new method was developed for evaluation of the results of thermal analysis of phenol stabilizers used for the thermal stabilization of light-coloured polymers. The integral observed decomposition temperature obtained by using Doyle's method from the thermogravimetric curves was used as a basis of approach. For this purpose, the computational program TERMOGRAF for PC/AT is suggested. It is considered that the integral observed decomposition temperature is a more reliable and reproducible characteristic of thermal stability than the approach based on the temperature of beginning of decomposition.     

Curing kinetics and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol

Curing kinetics of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) in the presence of varying molar ratios of aromatic imide-amines and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) were investigated by the dynamic differential scanning calorimetry. The imide-amines were prepared by reacting 1 mole of benzophenone 3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (B) with 2.5 moles of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (E)/ or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (M)/ or 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (S) and designated as BE/ or BM/ or BS. The mixture of imide-amines and DDS at ratio of 0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25 and 1:0 were used to investigate the curing behaviour of DGEBA. The multiple heating rate method (5, 10, 15 and 20°C min⁻¹) was used to study the curing kinetics of epoxy resins. The peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the heating rate, structure of imide-amines as well as on the ratio of imide-amine: DDS used. A broad exotherm was observed in the temperature range of 180–230°C on curing with mixture of imide-amines and DDS. Curing of DGEBA with mixture of imide-amines and/or DDS resulted in a decrease in characteristic curing temperatures. Activation energy of curing reaction as determined in accordance to the Ozawa’s method was found to be dependent on the structure of amine. The thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins was also evaluated using dynamic thermogravimetry in a nitrogen atmosphere. The char yield was highest in case of resins cured using mixture of DDS: BS (0.25:0.75; EBS-3), DDS: BM (0.5: 0.5; EBM-2) and DDS: BE (0.5: 0.5; EBE-2).     

Cross-linking of atoms and thermal stability of new MDF compositions

We have summarized Al, Fe, C and P atoms incorporations within cross-linking interaction and location of those after MDF procedure of sulphobelitic clinker — hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (hpmc) — sodium salt of polyphosphates (poly-P) compositions. Design of Al/Fe-O-C/P cross links is given and discussed. Thermoanalytical patterns (i) give the evidence of the presence of polymers in the reaction products and (ii) confirm the linkages of solidified polymers throughX=C or P of Al/Fe-O-X cross links in interphase regions with decomposition temperature interval higher than this in classical hydraulic materials. Designed local structure of interphase regions gives atomic level explanation of the densification of a bulk, its microstructure and exceptional technological properties. Similar phenomenon has been reported for the high aluminium — polyvinylalcohol/acetate MDF compositions. Moreover, variant clinker as well as polymers employed in syntheses represent one of the proposals aimed to the increase of the moisture resistence; our results are in the power of the above alternative for phases of sulphobelitic clinker.This study was funded under Project 85/92 granted by the Slovak Grant Agency for Science and represents the output of joint research agreed by the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SAS (Bratislava, Slovak Republic) and the Chemistry Department of University Exeter (Exeter, U.K.). We thank Chemische Fabrik R.A. Oetker (Budenheim, F.R.G.) for provision of sodium polyphosphate glass samples. This study also forms part of EC contracted Copernicus Project (ERB CIPA-CT 94-0105).     

Bulk reaction of triglycidylisocyanurate with boric acid by differential scanning calorimetry and role of reaction products on polymer thermal stability

The bulk reactions between triglycidylisocyanurate (TGI) and boric acid, at molar ratios from 51 to 12 have been studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The obtained materials were used as additives of polyolefins and the added polymers were investigated by Thermogravimetry (TG) in air in order to observe the variations of their thermal stability with varying the boric acid content. The additives show to increase the degradation temperature of polypropylene, polyethylene and polystyrene.This work was supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche through the Progetto Finalizzato Chimica Fine e Secondaria.     

Synthesis of hyperbranched polymethylvinylborosiloxanes and modification of addition‐curable silicone with improved thermal stability

This paper reports a non‐catalyzed environmentally friendly method of synthesizing hyperbranched polymethylvinylborosiloxanes (PMVBSs) and their use to improve the thermal stability of normal addition‐curable silicones (ACSs). PMVBSs were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of dimethoxymethylvinylsilane with boric acid at 80–130°C in 1,4‐dioxane or diglyme. They were characterized by gel permeation chromatography; FT‐IR; ¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si and ¹¹B NMR; and TGA. PMVBSs were composed of Si―O―Si and Si―O―B bridges with some unreacted B―OH groups remaining, and had a ceramic yield up to 65.97% at 900°C. PMVBS‐modified ACSs (PBS‐ACSs) were prepared by curing the PMVBSs with hydrogen‐containing silicone oil under Karstedt (platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) catalysis. Thermal stability of PBS‐ACSs was characterized by TGA in N₂ or air, and ceramic yields as high as 76.7% were obtained. Gas decomposition during the ceramization of PBS‐ACSs was examined by TG/mass spectroscopy. The SiBOC ceramics formed were characterized by FT‐IR, Raman, ²⁹Si and ¹¹B magic angle spinning NMR and elemental analysis. This method provides a valuable way to improve the thermal stability of ACSs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aryl-group substituted polysiloxanes with high-optical transmission,thermal stability,and refractive index

Polysiloxanes are an important class of polymers for optoelectronic applications. Novel polysiloxanes with high-refractive index (RI) based on phenanthrenyl-substituted monomers are prepared by a polycondensation reaction starting from various substituted dialkoxysilanes as monomers. The substitution patterns on the Si atom are systematically changed to vary the properties of the linear polymers as well as the final cured material. The two monomers with polycyclic aromatic side groups 9-phenanthrenylmethyldimethoxysilane and 9-phenanthrenylphenyldimethoxysilane are synthesized and fully characterized, including their single crystal X-ray structures. Linear polysiloxanes with variations in hydride, methyl, vinyl, phenyl, and phenanthrenyl side group content are prepared by acid- and base-catalyzed polycondensation reactions. Both Si H and Si vinyl substituted polymers with molecular weights up to 30 kDa and adjustable RI's from 1.52 to 1.63 are obtained and the thermally cured by Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions. Polysiloxane resins are obtained with high-RI's, optical transmittance above 95% and thermal stabilities up to 420°C. Long-term thermal stability tests show transmittance values above 85% even after 60 days of thermal treatment at 180°C.     

Influence of the sulfonate countercation on the thermal stability of nafion perfluorosulfonate membranes

We report a strong dependence of the thermal stability of Nafion® perfluorosulfonate ionomer on the nature of the counterion associated with the fixed sulfonate site. These results were obtained using thermal gravimetric analysis on a series of alkali metal and alkyl ammonium cation-exchanged Nafion films. We have found that the temperature of decomposition of Nafion is inversely dependent on the size of the exchanged cation; i.e., Nafion films show improved thermal stability as the size of the counter cation decreases. We attribute this inverse relationship of thermal stability with counterion size to an initial decomposition reaction which is strongly influenced by the strength of the sulfonate-coun-terion interaction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chemical and thermal stability of isotypic metal-organic frameworks: effect of metal ions

Chemical and thermal stabilities of isotypic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) like Al-BDC (Al-benzenedicarboxylate called MIL-53-Al), Cr-BDC (MIL-53-Cr) and V-BDC (MIL-47-V), after purification to remove uncoordinated organic linkers, have been compared to understand the effect of the central metal ions on the stabilities of the porous MOF-type materials. Chemical stability to acids, bases, and water decreases in the order of Cr-BDC>Al-BDC>V-BDC, suggesting stability increases with increasing inertness of the central metal ions. However, thermal stability decreases in the order of Al-BDC>Cr-BDC> V-BDC, and this tendency may be explained by the strength of the metal-oxygen bond in common oxides like Al(2)O(3), Cr(2)O(3), and V(2)O(5). In order to evaluate precisely the stability of a MOF, it is necessary to remove uncoordinated organic linkers that are located in the pores of the MOF, because a filled MOF may be more stable than the same MOF after purification.