Effects of air dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment time on surface properties of PBO fiber

In this paper, the effects of air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment time on surface properties of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber were investigated. The surface characteristics of PBO fiber before and after the plasma treatments were analyzed by dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). DCA measurements indicated that the surface wettability of PBO fiber was improved significantly by increasing the fiber surface free energy via air DBD plasma treatments. The results were confirmed by the improvement of adhesion of a kind of thermoplastic resin to PBO fiber which was observed by SEM, showing that more resin was adhering evenly to the fiber surface. AFM measurement revealed that the surface topography of PBO fiber became more complicated and the surface roughness was greatly enhanced after the plasma treatments, and XPS analysis showed that some new polar groups (e.g. OCO) were introduced on plasma treated PBO fiber surface. The results of this study also showed that the surface properties of PBO fiber changed with the elongation of plasma treatment time.     

Surface wettability of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge processed Armos fibers

Wettability of Armos fibers has been investigated after exposed to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, which was performed at atmospheric pressure in air while varying the sample treatment time between 9 and 27 s. Contact angles and surface free energy of the original and plasma-treated fibers were measured with dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA) to reveal the correlation between the fiber wettability and the surface treatment, including surface composition and topography modifications, which were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. It was found by XPS analysis that the O/C atomic ratio on Armos fiber surface can be increased from 0.134 to 0.248 after the 18 s exposure to the plasma and many polar functional groups were proved to be incorporated into the surface, which aided good wetting. In addition, AFM observations revealed the changes of fiber surface microstructure, showing significant enhancement of the surface roughness after the treatment, which could also bring the fiber better wettability. What's more, the impacts of fiber surface treatment on its tensile properties were characterized by single fiber tensile strength (SFTS) testing. Results showed that Armos fibers exhibited only slight reductions in their tensile strengths with the great enhancement in fiber surface free energy.     

Improvement of aramid fiber III reinforced bismaleimide composite interfacial adhesion by oxygen plasma treatment

Domestic Aramid Fiber III (DAF III) was modified by oxygen plasma treatment. The effects of oxygen plasma treatment power on fiber surface and DAF III reinforced bismaleimides (BMI) composite interfacial properties were investigated, respectively. The fiber surface characteristics were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Dynamic Contact Angles Analysis, respectively. The results showed that oxygen plasma treatment introduced new oxygen containing groups such as C=O and –COO on to the fiber surfaces, changed the fiber surface morphologies and enhanced surface roughness by oxidative reactions and plasma etching. Finally, the fiber surface wettability was effectively improved. The total free energy increased from 49.8 to 71.7 mJ/m2 at maximum with 300 W oxygen plasma treatment. The composite interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was evaluated by short beam shear measurement. The ILSS value increased from 49.3 to 59.8 MPa (by 21.3%) within 300 W plasma treatment.     

大气压氩气介质阻挡辉光放电的一维仿真研究

为了研究氩气(Ar)中介质阻挡大气压辉光放电(APGD)的放电机理, 通过建立一个一维的多粒子自洽耦合流体模型, 采用有限元方法进行数值计算, 得到了气体间隙压降、介质表面电荷密度、放电电流密度随时间的周期变化波形, 以及电子、离子、亚稳态粒子密度和空间电场强度的时空分布. 仿真计算结果表明：介质表面积聚的电荷对于放电的过程的起始及熄灭具有重要作用;当增大外施电压时, 放电击穿时刻提前, 放电电流密度和介质表面电荷密度峰值增大, 表明放电过程更加剧烈;随着阻挡介质相对介电常数的增大, 放电电流密度也随之增大. 各粒子密度及电场的时空分布表明放电过程在外施电压半个周期中只有一次放电, 且存在明显的阴极位降区、负辉区、等离子体正柱区等辉光放电的典型区域, 为大气压辉光放电(APGD).     

Ultrasonic treatment of aramid fiber surface and its effect on the interface of aramid/epoxy composites

Aramid fiber/epoxy composites have been treated by ultrasound during the winding process to enhance the adhesion. According to the ultrasonic treatment interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites has been greatly improved. Dynamic wetting method, XPS and AFM are used to examine the microscopic properties of resultant composites. The enhanced ILSS is attributed to the ultrasonic cavitation, which improves the wetting between aramid fibers and resins.     

大气压氖气介质阻挡放电脉冲等离子射流特性

采用自行研制的低造价、小体积、可产生幅值0~35 kV、重复频率1 kHz的高压s脉冲电源,设计了一套以大气压氖气为工作气体的介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体射流源,通过测量并计算放电过程中的电压-电流波形、拍摄放电图像、光谱分析等手段,对电压幅值、气体流速对氖气等离子体射流特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：s脉冲电源激励下大气压氖气DBD能产生锥状的等离子射流且其等离子强度适中;s脉冲电源电压幅值的快速上升,可在放电空间瞬间施加高的过电压,能有效促进放电功率、电子密度、电子激发温度和射流长度的增加;工作气体流速的增加使得放电功率、电子激发温度和电子密度减小,而射流长度变化很小;一定条件下,能形成长距离的射流。     

大气压氖气介质阻挡放电脉冲等离子射流特性

采用自行研制的低造价、小体积、可产生幅值0~35 kV、重复频率1 kHz的高压s脉冲电源,设计了一套以大气压氖气为工作气体的介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体射流源,通过测量并计算放电过程中的电压-电流波形、拍摄放电图像、光谱分析等手段,对电压幅值、气体流速对氖气等离子体射流特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:s脉冲电源激励下大气压氖气DBD能产生锥状的等离子射流且其等离子强度适中;s脉冲电源电压幅值的快速上升,可在放电空间瞬间施加高的过电压,能有效促进放电功率、电子密度、电子激发温度和射流长度的增加;工作气体流速的增加使得放电功率、电子激发温度和电子密度减小,而射流长度变化很小;一定条件下,能形成长距离的射流。     

Comparison of F-12 aramid fiber with domestic armid fiber III on surface feature

A comparison of F-12 aramid fiber with domestic armid fiber III (DAF III) on surface feature was carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), elements analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It is found that the two aramid fibers are of “skin-core” structure and fibrillar structure. The microfibrils orient along the fiber axis and rather poorly bond in transverse direction. Many defects exist on the surface of two fibers. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen are the major elements of two aramid fiber. The element content of the same aramid fiber from surface to interior is different. The surface carbon contents of F-12 aramid fiber and DAF III are increased by 10.75% and 9.95% than those in fiber interior respectively, the surface nitrogen content decreased by 9.72% and 27.02% respectively, and the surface oxygen content increased by 13.99% and 37.95% respectively.     

Effect of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge air plasma on electrode surface

In order to study the influence of plasma on electrode, atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) air plasma is employed here to treat copper electrode surface. Plasma is generated between the parallel plate electrodes by means of high voltage produced by a high-frequency power supply with transformer. Electrode surface alterations induced by air plasma are investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and contact angle measurement. The results show that DBD air plasma removes the organic contaminant on surface and causes electrode surface roughness, oxidization and nitridation. In addition, surface wettability is also improved, as concluded from contact angle measurements.     

大气压介质阻挡放电中的自组织斑图结构

采用水作为电极,对大气压介质阻挡放电中的自组织斑图结构进行了研究,观测到了规则的斑图结构(包括准六边形斑图和条带状斑图)和不规则的斑图结构.实验发现斑图中放电丝的密度随着电介质层厚度的增加及放电气隙宽度变大而减小,而随外加电压及频率增大而增大.采用空间相关函数的方法分析了准六边形斑图结构中的放电丝分布与驱动电源电压的关系 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 自组织斑图 放电丝密度 空间相关函数     

Characteristics of parallel-plate and planar-surface dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure

Experiments are performed to investigate and compare the characteristics of stable parallel-plate and planar-surface dielectric barrier discharge in helium gas at atmospheric pressure. The evolution of applied electric field profile and the discharge initiation processes are found quite different for both electrode geometries. Further discharge voltage, discharge current, power densities etc. are compared. The differences of basic plasma properties are presented for both the electrode configurations.     

一种新型大气压毛细管介质阻挡放电冷等离子体射流技术

介绍一种结构设计简单、操作运行方便的新型毫米量级大气压冷等离子体射流发生技术.这种射流可以在大气压条件下，利用多种工作气体(如Ar,He,N₂)，通过毛细管介质阻挡放电(DBD)的方式实现.使用频率为33kHz，峰值电压为1—12kV的双向脉冲电源，利用Ar,He,N₂等工作气体，在毛细管内形成了稳定的冷等离子体射流.放电区域的光辐射空间分布利用商用CCD摄像机记录，从中研究放电形态和空间分布，观察到了在DBD区域的流动气体放电和在毛细管出口处形成的等离子体射流 关键词： 冷等离子体射流 毛细管介质阻挡放电 射流射程 射流激发温度     

Areal homogeneity verification of plasma generated by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in ambient air at atmospheric pressure

This paper deals with an optical emission spectroscopy study of a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD ) in air at atmospheric pressure. The main aim of this study was to verify the areal homogeneity of the generated plasma, which is important for many applications like treatment of nonwoven fabrics, glass, metals, polymers, foils, and so on. Optical emission spectra of DCSBD plasma in air were measured for three different frequencies (15, 30, and 50 kHz ) of the applied voltage. Comparison of the calculated rotational and vibrational temperatures was carried out, and areal homogeneity of plasma was proved. Electrical parameters of discharge such as the plasma power using the area of the Lissajous figures and energy transfer efficiency to the discharge were also investigated. The effective thickness of plasma layer as a function of the input power was measured.     

Surface modification of polypropylene non-woven fabric using atmospheric nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge plasma

In this paper, a dielectric barrier discharge operating in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure has been used to improve the surface hydrophilic property of polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric. The changes in the hydrophilic property of the modified PP samples are investigated by the contact angle measurements and the variation of water contact angle is obtained as a function of the energy density; micrographs of the PP before and after plasma treatment are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the chemical composition of the PP surface before and after plasma treatment is also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the surface hydrophilic property of the PP samples is greatly improved with plasma treatment for a few seconds, as evidenced by the fact that the contact angle of the treated PP samples significantly decreases after plasma treatment. The analysis of SEM shows that the surface roughness of the treated PP samples increases due to bonding and etching in plasma processing. The analyses of FTIR and the C1s peak in the high-resolution XPS indicate that oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing polar functional groups are introduced into PP surface in plasma processing. It can be concluded that the surface hydrophilic property of the modified PP samples has been obviously improved due to the introduction of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing polar groups and the increase of the surface roughness on the PP surface.     

电荷电压法测量DBD等离子体的放电参量

在DBD应用研究中，使用电荷电压法能够测量许多重要参量，如放电功率、放电间隙等效电容、电介质层等效电容、着火电压、放电间隙等效电压及放电间隙电场强度等．同时根据电荷电压图形随工作条件及状态变化的情况还可以诊断DBD等离子体的工作稳定性．文章对相关原理、模拟实验结果及实际应用效果进行了介绍．     

较大体积的大气压空气介质阻挡放电特性研究

利用三电极介质阻挡放电装置, 在主放电区产生了较大体积的大气压空气均匀放电. 利用光学与电学方法, 对主放电特性进行了研究, 发现随驱动功率的不同, 主放电存在等离子体羽和等离子体柱两种模式, 等离子体羽的击穿电压随外加电压峰值的增加而减小. 利用光电倍增管对两种放电模式进行了空间分辨测量, 发现等离子体羽是以发光光层的形式传播, 而等离子体柱是连续放电. 通过采集两种放电的发射光谱, 对其振动温度和转动温度进行了测量. 发现两种放电模式的振转温度均随着U_p的增大而降低. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 等离子体羽 等离子体柱 发射光谱     

常压窄间隙介质阻挡放电等离子体辐射特性

利用带有透明电极与可测向观察的一个介质阻挡放电(DBD)实验装置对它的常压窄间隙等离子体辐射特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：这一DBD装置的辐射特性会受激励电压、激励频率、DBD结构等多种因素影响。在频率为10～20kHz高压电源激励下,采用窄间隙、薄电介质层结构DBD可以大幅度提高放电空间的电场强度,增加放电功率密度,提高了放电装置性能。     

The role of vibrational temperature variations in a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma device

The use of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas has become a practical way to carry out surface treatment where precise control of the plasma parameters, such as rotational and vibrational temperatures (T_rot and T_vib), is required. As the T_vib of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet appears to be the most important parameter related to the improvement of surface treatments, in this work, we analysed two methods to increase the values of T_vib in a DBD plasma jet device. One of the methods is to reduce the exit size (ø) of the DBD reactor, which results in an increase in the measured T_vib values, due to an increase in the pressure inside the reactor. The other method is to change the gas flow rate (GFR) used to produce the plasma jets. This leads to a T_vib reduction when the GFR is increased in the case of using helium or nitrogen as the working gas, but the opposite happens (an increase in the T_vib values) when argon is used, with different phenomena causing the variation of T_vib in each situation.     

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分别采用空气、氩气大气压介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体对重油进行了处理.对经空气DBD等离子体处理后的重油进行粘温特性分析,发现重油粘度升高,流动性变差.红外光谱和四组分分析结果表明重油的重质组分含量升高,重油胶体体系被破坏,同时生成大量刺激性气味气体.为了便于分析气态产物的成分和含量,采用大气压氩气DBD等离子体处理重油并收集气体产物.气相色谱分析发现生成气中含有大量C1-C5的烃类和一定量氢气,其中氢气和甲烷含量占生成气的70％以上.实验结果表明重油在等离子体作用下既发生裂解又发生聚合反应,既生成低碳烃类,本身的流动性也变差.     

Thermal and induced flow characteristics of radio frequency surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuation at atmospheric pressure

Thermal and induced flow velocity characteristics of radio frequency(RF) surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD)plasma actuation are experimentally investigated in this paper. The spatial and temporal distributions of the dielectric surface temperature are measured with the infrared thermography at atmospheric pressure. In the spanwise direction, the highest dielectric surface temperature is acquired at the center of the high voltage electrode, while it reduces gradually along the chordwise direction. The maximum temperature of the dielectric surface raises rapidly once discharge begins.After several seconds(typically 100 s), the temperature reaches equilibrium among the actuator's surface, plasma, and surrounding air. The maximum dielectric surface temperature is higher than that powered by an AC power supply in dozens of k Hz. Influences of the duty cycle and the input frequency on the thermal characteristics are analyzed. When the duty cycle increases, the maximum dielectric surface temperature increases linearly. However, the maximum dielectric surface temperature increases nonlinearly when the input frequency varies from 0.47 MHz to 1.61 MHz. The induced flow velocity of the RF SDBD actuator is 0.25 m/s.