KDP/PEDOT:PSS mixture as a new alternative in the fabrication of pressure sensing devices

In this work we studied the mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a commercial polymer, with monobasic potassium phosphate (KDP), a piezoelectric salt, as a possible novel material in the fabrication of a low cost, easy-to-make, flexible pressure sensing device. The mixture between KDP and PEDOT:PSS was painted in a flexible polyester substrate and dried. Afterwards, I × V curves were carried out. The samples containing KDP presented higher values of current in smaller voltages than the PEDOT:PSS without KDP. This can mean a change in the chain arrays. Other results showed that the material responds to directly applied pressure to the sample that can be useful to sensors fabrication.     

Band bending at the conducting polymer/indium tin oxide interfaces with and without ultraviolet treatment

In this study, the effect of ultraviolet treatment on the band bending at the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate)/indium tin oxide (PEDOT:PSS/ITO) interfaces were researched. The authors suggested that ultraviolet treatment could lead to a reduction in the band bending at the PEDOT:PSS/ITO interface, owing to the removal of carbon contamination at the ITO surfaces and a decrease in the number of the trap-states at the PEDOT:PSS/ITO interface.     

Modulating the Electrochromic Performances of Transmissive and Reflective Devices Using N,N-Dimethyl Formamide Modified Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(Styrene Sulfonate) Blend as Active Layers

As one of the important factors which affect the properties and applications of conducting polymers, the electrical conductivity of a poly(3,4-ethylenedoxy-thiophene)/ poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) blend was adjusted by using various amount of an organic solvent (N,N-dimethyl formamide, DMF) as an additive. The conductivities of PEDOT: PSS thin films can be increased dramatically, from 1.0 S to 32.1 S cm^?1, with a 2/1 volume ratio of PEDOT: PSS/DMF loading after totally removing the organic solvent by annealing the film at 80° for 48 h in a vacuum oven. The optical contrasts of transmissive and reflective devices assembled using DMF-modified PEDOT: PSS as active layers exhibited a close relationship with the conductivity of PEDOT: PSS. Interestingly, high conductivity of PEDOT: PSS enhanced the contrast of a transmissive device, while high conductivity of PEDOT: PSS decreased the contrasts of a reflective device. The underlying reason is related to the different electrochromic mechanisms of these two types of device configurations.     

Metal-electrode-free inverted organic photovoltaics using electrospray-deposited PEDOT:PSS and spin-coated HAT-CN exciton blocking layer

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films were fabricated using an electrospray deposition (ESD) method. The ESD PEDOT:PSS films exhibited higher PSS content on the surface than spin-coated PEDOT:PSS films, which results in a higher work function. Based on this result, metal-electrode-free inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) were fabricated. The ESD PEDOT:PSS was used as the top electrode on the poly(3-hexythiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl C₆₁ butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) light-absorbing layer. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPVs was significantly increased with the 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile layer. The improved PCE would be attributed to the suppression of exciton quenching at the P3HT:PCBM and PEDOT:PSS interface.     

Effect of sorbitol doping in PEDOT:PSS on the electrical performance of organic photovoltaic devices

Organic photovoltaic cells have important advantages, such as low cost and mechanical flexibility. The conducting polymer poly(3,4 ethylenedioxy-thiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been widely used as an interfacial layer or a polymer electrode in polymer electronic devices, such as photovoltaic devices and light-emitting diodes. In this report, we discuss the direct current (DC) conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films containing various weight ratios of sorbitol dopant. The work function is shown to steadily decrease with increasing dopant content. With different dopant contents, illuminated current–voltage photovoltaic characteristics were observed. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis revealed that the work function of the PEDOT:PSS was affected by its sorbitol content. The morphologies of the doped PEDOT:PSS films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). For the device fabrication, we made organic photovoltaic cells by a spin-coating process and Al deposition by thermal evaporation. The sorbitol dopant is able to improve the efficiency of the device.     

In-situ characterization of electrochromism based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS towards preparation of high performance device

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) is usually sandwiched between indium tin oxide(ITO) and a functional polymer in order to improve the performance of the device. However, because of the strong acidic nature of PEDOT:PSS, the instability of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS interface is also observed. The mechanism of degradation of the device remains is unclear and needs to be further studied. In this article, we investigate the in-situ electrochromism of PEDOT:PSS to disclose the cause of the degradation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to characterize the PEDOT:PSS films, as well as the PEDOT:PSS plus polyethylene glycol(PEG) films with and without indium ions. The electrochromic devices(ECD) based on PEDOT:PSS and PEG with and without indium ions are carried out by in-situ micro-Raman and laser reflective measurement(LRM). For comparison, ECD based on PEDOT:PSS and PEG films with LiCl, KCl, NaCl or InCl_3 are also investigated by LRM. The results show that PEDOT:PSS is further reduced when negatively biased, and oxidized when positively biased. This could identify that PEDOT:PSS with indium ions from PEDOT:PSS etching ITO will lose dopants when negatively biased. The LRM shows that the device with indium ions has a stronger effect on the reduction property of PEDOT:PSS-PEG film than the device without indium ions. The contrast of the former device is 44%, that of the latter device is about 3%. The LRM also shows that the contrasts of the device based on PEDOT:PSS+PEG with LiCl, KCl, NaCl, InCl_3 are 30%, 27%, 15%, and 18%, respectively.     

Improving the performance of perovskite solar cells with glycerol-doped PEDOT:PSS buffer layer

In this paper, we investigate the effects of glycerol doping on transmittance, conductivity and surface morphology of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate))(PEDOT:PSS) and its influence on the performance of perovskite solar cells.. The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is improved obviously by doping glycerol. The maximum of the conductivity is 0.89 S/cm when the doping concentration reaches 6 wt%, which increases about 127 times compared with undoped. The perovskite solar cells are fabricated with a configuration of indium tin oxide(ITO)/PEDOT:PSS/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/PC_(61)BM/Al, where PEDOT:PSS and PC_(61)BM are used as hole and electron transport layers, respectively. The results show an improvement of hole charge transport as well as an increase of short-circuit current density and a reduction of series resistance, owing to the higher conductivity of the doped PEDOT:PSS. Consequently, it improves the whole performance of perovskite solar cell. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) of the device is improved from 8.57% to 11.03% under AM 1.5 G(100 mW/cm~2 illumination) after the buffer layer has been modified.     

紫外臭氧处理超薄银修饰ITO电极的高效柔性有机太阳能电池

以紫外臭氧处理超薄Ag复合MoO₃或PEDOT：PSS修饰ITO电极的高效柔性有机太阳能电池。通过优化紫外臭氧处理Ag薄膜的时间,提高了以P3HT：PCBM为有源层的器件的功率转换效率,从1.68%（未经过紫外臭氧处理）提高到2.57%（紫外臭氧处理Ag 1 min）。提高的原因推测是紫外臭氧处理形成了AgO_x薄膜,提高了电荷提取并使器件具有高光学透明度、低串联电阻和优异的表面功函数等一些性能。并且,紫外臭氧处理Ag薄膜与MoO₃或者PEDOT：PSS复合修饰ITO的器件效率分别得到提高,Ag薄膜与MoO₃复合修饰ITO的器件效率从2.02%（PET/ITO/MoO₃）提高到2.97%（PET/ITO/AgO_x/MoO₃）,Ag薄膜与PEDOT：PSS复合修饰ITO的器件效率从2.01%（PET/ITO/PEDOT：PSS）提高到2.93%（PET/ITO/AgO_x/PEDOT：PSS）。此外,以PBDTTT-EFT：PC₇₁BM为有源层的柔性聚合物太阳能电池效率可达6.21%。基于ITO的柔性光电器件效率的提高主要归于ITO被Ag/PEDOT：PSS或Ag/MoO₃修饰后功函数的提高。     

稀释溶剂对PEDOT：PSS薄膜和有机太阳能电池性能的影响

采用喷涂技术制备聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩：聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT：PSS）有机层薄膜,系统研究了乙醇、去离子水、甲醇、异丙醇和乙二醇等稀释溶剂对PEDOT：PSS薄膜形貌、透过率及导电性能的影响。将PEDOT：PSS薄膜应用于有机太阳能电池器件的制备,研究了不同溶剂对器件性能的影响。实验结果表明：采用乙醇稀释PEDOT：PSS溶液,能有效抑制PEDOT：PSS颗粒团聚,降低薄膜粗糙度,提高薄膜的透过率和导电性。以其制备的太阳能电池器件的能量转换效率明显高于其他溶剂稀释,转换效率为2.66%。     

Conducting polymer based hybrid structure as transparent and flexible field electron emitter

An efficient cathode material with high transparency (93%) based on conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been developed for the fabrication of highly transparent and flexible field electron emitters (FEE). This kind of material showed superior field emission (FE) performance with very high current density (10^–3A/cm²) at very low electric field. The FE performance of the hybrid materials was dramatically improved compared to either SWCNTs and PEDOT:PSS. Thus the hybrid structures of conducting polymer and SWCNTs might be a good choice for use as a cathode material to enhance the FE performance and for potential application in future portable displays. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Improvement in performance of organic light-emitting devices by inclusion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was modified by different concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and the nanocomposites of PEDOT:PSS and MWNTs were firstly used as hole-injection layer in fabrication of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) by using a double-layer structure with hole-injection layer of doped PEDOT:PSS and emitting/electron transport layer of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq₃). PEDOT:PSS solution doped with MWNTs was spin-coated on clean polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO). It was found that the electroluminescence (EL) intensity of the OLEDs were greatly improved by using PEDOT:PSS doped with MWNTs as hole-injection layer which might have resulted from the hole-injection ability improvement of the nanocomposites. Higher luminescence intensity and lower turn-on voltage were obtained by these devices and the luminance intensity obtained from the device with the hole-injection layer of PEDOT:PSS doped by 0.4 wt.% MWNTs was almost threefolds of that without doping.     

Enhanced thermoelectric performance of PEDOT: PSS films via ionic liquid post-treatment

Thermoelectric(TE)energy harvesting can effectively convert waste heat into electricity,which is a crucial technology to solve energy concerns.As a promising candidate for energy conversion,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)has gained significant attention owing to its easy doping,high transparency,and solution processability.However,the TE performance of PEDOT:PSS still needs to be further enhanced.Herein,different approaches have been applied for tuning the TE properties:(i)direct dipping PEDOT:PSS thin films in ionic liquid;(ii)post-treatment of the films with concentrated sulfuric acid(H₂SO₄),and then dipping in ionic liquid.Besides,the same bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide(TFSI)anion and different cation salts,including 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium(EMIM+)and lithium(Li+),are selected to study the influence of varying cation types on the TE properties of PEDOT:PSS.The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film treated with H2SO4EMIM:TFSI increase simultaneously,and the resulting maximum power factor is 46.7μW·m^-1·K^-2,which may be attributed to the ionic liquid facilitating the rearrangement of the molecular chain of PEDOT.The work provides a reference for the development of organic films with high TE properties.     

Investigating the performance of P3HT:PCBM organic solar cells involving gamma-irradiated PEDOT:PSS layer

In this work, we investigated for the first time the characteristics of (poly (3-hexylthiopene) and [6, 6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) (P3HT:PCBM) blends-based organic solar cell with 1.25?mg/mL boric-acid (H₃BO₃)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer which is irradiated under the 40 Gray (Gy) dose of gamma (γ) ray. Experimental results showed that the parameters of solar cell improved with exposure to low-dose gamma radiation. In particular, it has provided a significant improvement in short-circuit current density (J_sc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). About 49% increase in PCE to 1.22% and 40% increase in J_sc to 6.28?mA/cm² was obtained between the bare device and the device containing irradiated PEDOT:PSS:H₃BO₃. Also, it was determined that the H₃BO₃-doped PEDOT:PSS is more stable to temperature. More importantly, solar cell containing gamma-irradiated PEDOT:PSS:H₃BO₃ showed best performance comparing to conventional PEDOT:PSS-based cell.     

Polymer solar cells based on a PEDOT:PSS layer spin-coated under the action of an electric field

In the process of fabrication of polymer photovoltaic(PV) devices,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) thin film,acting as an anode buffer layer,is spin-coated under the action of an electric field.The PV devices with a PEDOT:PSS layer spin-coated under the action of a static electric field exhibit improved short-circuit current density(J sc) and power conversion efficiency(PCE).The investigation of morphology shows that the appropriate intensity of the electric field can increase the roughness of the surface of the PEDOT:PSS layer,which results in improved contact between the anode and hole transport layer and thus enhances the J sc of the devices.Chemical analysis is also provided by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) spectra.     

Increased work function in PEDOT:PSS film under ultraviolet irradiation

An increase of work function （0.3 eV） is achieved by irradiating poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）：poly（styrene sul- fonate） （PEDOT：PSS） film in vacuum with 254-nm ultraviolet （UV） light. The mechanism for such an improvement is investigated by photoelectron yield spectroscopy, X-ray photo electron energy spectrum, and field emission technique. Sur- face oxidation and composition change are found as the reasons for work function increase. The UV-treated PEDOT：PSS film is used as the hole injection layer in a hole-only device. Hole injection is improved by UV-treated PEDOT：PSS film without baring the enlargement of film resistance. Our result demonstrates that UV treatment is more suitable for modifying the injection barrier than UV ozone exposure.     

An alternative flexible electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

With comparable transparency, flexibility, but a better conductivity, metal-mesh based PEN film provides an alternative low-cost electrode material to the conventional ITO/PEN film for flexible solar cell system. In this article, counter electrodes (CEs) prepared by coating metal-mesh/PEN with a mixture of PEDOT:PSS and carbon black nanoparticle (200?C400?nm) were utilized in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). A high efficiency of 5.5?% was achieved with the DSC based on the metal-mesh/PEN CE, rivaling that of the DSC based on ITO/PEN CE.     

基于液体基质材料的有机电致发光器件的制备及性能分析

利用液体基质材料9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole(EHCz)掺杂有机染料分子5,6,11,12-tetraphenyl-nathacene(rubrene)制备了具有液体发光层的有机电致发光器件,其结构为:ITO/PEDOT:PSS/EH Cz:rubrene/Cs2CO3/ITO,PEDOT:PSS...     

Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)

Thermoelectric (TE) performances are systematically investigated for the pellets of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with different organic additives and heating process as organic TE materials. The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity versus temperature are determined, respectively. It is found that there is no distinct change for the Seebeck coefficient among each sample with the additions of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol. The thermal conductivity measured in a wide range of temperature indicates that the PEDOT:PSS pellet have an extremely low value. The highest figure of merit (Z_T= 1.75×10^-3) is observed at 270K among the PEDOT:PSS pellets.     

基于石墨烯/PEDOT：PSS叠层薄膜的柔性OLED器件

石墨烯具有独特的电学性能、优异的机械延展性和良好的化学稳定性,是制备高性能导电薄膜的理想材料,但是当前石墨烯的高电阻率限制了它的实际应用。本文采用喷涂方法制备了石墨烯/聚（3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩）-聚（苯乙烯磺酸）（PEDOT：PSS）复合导电薄膜,对复合薄膜的表面形貌与光电性能进行了研究。PEDOT：PSS的引入不仅降低了石墨烯薄膜的表面电阻,同时还平滑了薄膜表面。在此基础上,成功制备了柔性黄光有机电致发光器件,器件在12 V时达到效率最大值0.9 cd/A。器件在曲率半径为10 mm时弯曲了100次后,发光亮度并无明显变化。该复合薄膜可实际应用于柔性有机电致发光显示器件。     

基于改性空穴注入层与复合发光层的高效钙钛矿发光二极管

有机金属卤化钙钛矿作为发射体具有极高的色纯度和极低的成本,但钙钛矿层普遍较差的形貌制约了器件的性能.引入合适的聚合物可有效改善旋涂型钙钛矿薄膜的均匀性.本文引入聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PSS)改性的聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩):PSS(PEDOT:PSS)作为空穴注入层(HIL),结合一步旋涂制备的三溴化铅甲基胺(MAP...