论无机物的俗名

我们在化工生产、化验工作,化学试剂的采购、保管、地质工作、中药处方和化肥农药的使用以及教学、科研工作中,经常遇到无机物的俗名。熟练地掌握这些俗名,可提高工作效率,保证各项工作的顺利进行。根据俗名还可以初步掌握一些无机物的某些特性。     

化合物中文俗名的釐订(上)

一、俗名的意义化学是研究物质间化学變化的学问。纯净的物质是元素或化合物。化合物的种類很多。僅就有机化合物而言,業已发现者约近一百萬种,而且数目还在日益增加。因为化合物     

Diclobutrazol的合成及其生物活性研究

Ｄｉｃｌｏｂｕｔｒａｚｏｌ的合成及其生物活性研究张洪奎，廖联安，陈明德，叶向阳，郭奇珍（厦门大学化学系厦门３６１００５）关键词：Ｄｉｃｌｏｂｕｔｒａｚｏｌ，相转移催化，合成，生物活性Ｄｉｃｌｏｂｕｔｒａｚｏｌ（１）俗名粉锈清，是一种广谱内吸性杀菌剂，...     

1-甲氧基-2-乙氧甲基-3,8——二羟基蒽醌的合成

茜草科(Rubiaceae)植物短刺虎刺(Damna-canthus Subspinosus Hand-Mazz)俗名“岩石羊”,民间用于治疗鼻咽癌。利国威等从该植物中分得短刺虎刺素(Subspinosin)和8-羟基短刺虎     

盐酸小檗碱与β-环糊精包合性质及热力学研究

盐酸小檗碱(berberine hydrochoride)俗名黄连素,是从黄连、黄柏或三棵针等中药中提取的一种喹啉类生物碱,主要用于治疗肠道感染、痢菌、慢性胆囊炎、化脓性中耳炎等疾病.     

名词小议(续四)

(三十)α-糠偶酰二肟(α-furil dioxime)作为俗名似不妥善,应改称为α-联糠酰二肟。学名应该是α,α’-联呋喃甲酰二肟。联字不可省略。糠偶酰一词应从英汉化学化工词汇第三版furil条删去。只留联糠酰和随后的学名。按‘糠偶酰’的缺点是只指出有两     

第XXI届国际化学奥林匹克预备题答案

1 (1)略(2)结构式略.Z-或Cis-,顺式丁烯二酸俗名马来酸;E-或trans-,反式丁烯二酸,富马酸.(3)这种异构属顺反异构,又称几何异构,不属于对映异构(手性异构).理由略.(4)顺酸溴化得(S,S)-和(R,R)-1,2-二溴丁二酸,反酸溴化得     

分析化学中的铜铁试剂

在分析化学所应用的有机试剂中,铜铁试剂要算是最古老的试剂之一,它在本世纪初(1909年)就已作为金属分离的沉淀剂使用。后来,它在重量分析和萃取分离方面得到了广泛的应用,发表过大量的文献报告,由于这一试剂早先主要用作铜和铁的沉淀剂,故得“铜铁试剂(Cupferron)”这一俗名,其实,     

含氟杀菌剂5-氯-2，4，6-三氟-1，3-苯二腈的合成

1　前言2 ,4,5 ,6-四氯 -1 ,3 -苯二腈 ,俗名百菌清 ( 1 ) ,是一种广谱、高效、安全的农林及工业用杀菌剂 ,对多种作物具有预防和治疗作用 ,其持效期长且稳定 ,可用于麦类、水稻、果树、蔬菜、花生、茶叶、橡胶、森林等多种作物的各种病害 ,还可以用于防治蚕体酵母霉病和僵病及制革等工业防霉[1] 。国内有云南化工厂等 1 8家工厂生产其原药、粉剂或乳油。其含氟衍生物研究尚不多 ,由于氟原子或含氟基团的导入 ,使化合物的挥发性、扩散性、相溶性及表面活性增加 ,而位阻影响不大 ,故能充分发挥在有机体内的脂溶性 ,对生物体的多种相态、对膜…     

离子交换树脂的介绍

离子交换树脂为一门比较年青的应用科学,由于它在工业上、医药上、农业上和原素分离上特别由于在原子能利用方面,有很重要的价值,所以近十年来发展得很快。最初应用在工业上的离子交换剂为一种天然无机硅化合物,俗名沸石,在我国抚顺藏量很丰富;后来又有合成沸石。可惜这种交换剂稍能溶解于水,且稳定性低,用作软化水时不能在     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Kinetics and mechanisms of chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of cysteine and glutathione

Chlorine dioxide oxidation of cysteine (CSH) is investigated under pseudo-first-order conditions (with excess CSH) in buffered aqueous solutions, p[H+] 2.7-9.5 at 25.0 degrees C. The rates of chlorine dioxide decay are first order in both ClO2 and CSH concentrations and increase rapidly as the pH increases. The proposed mechanism is an electron transfer from CS- to ClO2 (1.03 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) with a subsequent rapid reaction of the CS* radical and a second ClO2 to form a cysteinyl-ClO2 adduct (CSOClO). This highly reactive adduct decays via two pathways. In acidic solutions, it hydrolyzes to give CSO(2)H (sulfinic acid) and HOCl, which in turn rapidly react to form CSO3H (cysteic acid) and Cl-. As the pH increases, the (CSOClO) adduct reacts with CS- by a second pathway to form cystine (CSSC) and chlorite ion (ClO2-). The reaction stoichiometry changes from 6 ClO2:5 CSH at low pH to 2 ClO2:10 CSH at high pH. The ClO2 oxidation of glutathione anion (GS-) is also rapid with a second-order rate constant of 1.40 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1). The reaction of ClO2 with CSSC is 7 orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding reaction with cysteinyl anion (CS-) at pH 6.7. Chlorite ion reacts with CSH; however, at p[H+] 6.7, the observed rate of this reaction is slower than the ClO2/CSH reaction by 6 orders of magnitude. Chlorite ion oxidizes CSH while being reduced to HOCl, which in turn reacts rapidly with CSH to form Cl-. The reaction products are CSSC and CSO3H with a pH-dependent distribution similar to the ClO2/CSH system.