敏化处理304不锈钢局部腐蚀行为的扫描微电极法研究

通过扫描微电极法研究敏化处理奥氏体不锈钢(304ss)的局部腐蚀行为,并结合传统电化学方法及光学显微镜进行测试观察. 结果表明,在10% FeCl3溶液未敏化处理(304ss-NS)或550 oC轻度敏化处理(304ss-S1)的不锈钢倾向于发生点腐蚀,而650 oC(304ss-S2)或750 oC(304ss-S3)深度敏化处理不锈钢则倾向于发生晶间腐蚀.     

应变速率和电位对应力腐蚀裂纹扩展的影响

以滑移-溶解-再钝化模型为基础,推导出应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率与裂尖应变速率和电位之间的理论公式.计算表明,在裂纹扩展速率与裂尖应变速率的关系曲线中有两个特征区域.裂纹扩展速率在区域I随裂尖应变速率增加而增大,而在区域II不随裂尖应变速率的改变而变化.用慢应变速率拉伸技术（SSRT）测量了304L不锈钢的裂纹增长速率.当电位控制在区域II的阳极区时,理论计算的裂纹扩展速率与实验得到的结果比较吻合.     

腐蚀介质在缓蚀剂膜中扩散行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法,从缓蚀剂膜阻碍腐蚀介质粒子(H2O、H3O+和HCO3-)向金属表面扩散的角度,研究了4种1-R1-2-十一烷基-咪唑啉缓蚀剂(R1:羧甲基(A),羟乙基(B),氨乙基(C),氢(D))抑制碳钢CO2腐蚀的缓蚀机理,并对其缓蚀性能进行了理论评价.腐蚀介质粒子在不同缓蚀剂膜中的扩散系数、粒子与膜的相互作用能以及膜的自扩散性能的计算结果表明:4种缓蚀剂均可形成稳定的缓蚀剂膜,能有效阻碍腐蚀介质粒子向金属表面的扩散,达到抑制或延缓腐蚀的目的;随亲水支链(R1)极性的增加,缓蚀剂膜对腐蚀介质粒子扩散行为的抑制能力逐渐增强;同种缓蚀剂膜对正负离子H3O+和HCO3-比对中性的H2O分子具有更强的扩散抑制能力.综合计算及分析结果,4种缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的理论评价结果为ABCD,与文献实验结果吻合.     

模拟混凝土孔隙液中钢筋腐蚀的氯离子临界浓度测试

应用扫描微参比电极法,测量钢筋在模拟混凝土孔隙液中的表面微区电位分布;考察在一定pH值时氯离子浓度对溶液中钢筋腐蚀行为的影响。采用逐步逼近法,测试引起钢筋发生点腐蚀的氯离子临界浓度。当溶液pH为12.0时,可以观察到氯离子浓度变化引起钢筋点腐蚀的变化过程,从而确定氯离子浓度临界值为0.04~0.05 mol/L。     

用丝束电极研究模拟碳化混凝土孔隙液中缓蚀剂对碳钢局部腐蚀的抑制行为

应用丝束电极(WBE)的电位/电流扫描技术, 研究了含Cl-的模拟碳化混凝土孔隙液中, Q345B碳钢局部腐蚀在空间和时间上的发生和发展特征, 同时比较了四乙烯五胺(TEPA)和亚硝酸钠缓蚀剂对局部腐蚀抑制能力的差异. 结果表明NO-2离子能快速渗透腐蚀产物层, 并抑制锈层下的碳钢活性溶解, 而乙烯胺由于在锈蚀层内的扩散速率低, 初期反而会促进锈层下的局部腐蚀, 随着烯胺分子扩散并吸附于锈蚀层/金属界面处, 碳钢活性溶解才受到抑制. 电化学阻抗谱(EIS)可反映局部腐蚀的萌发, 但难以表征缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的不均匀吸附特征. 基于丝束电极表面电位/电流分布所提出的局部腐蚀因子(LF), 可定量表征腐蚀的不均匀特征以及缓蚀剂对局部腐蚀的修复能力.     

硅(100)晶面上硅和二氧化硅的横向与纵向腐蚀速率

The method established previously for studying the etching rates of micro-scale silicon and silica was used to study the etching process of silicon and silica on the Si（100）surface. Photolithography was used to pattern a positive photoresist mask to confine the etching area,and the atomic force microscopy was used to probe the etched surface. The lateral etching rate of silicon or silica on the silicon surface was defined,and the lateral and longitudinal etching rates of silicon and silica on the Si（100）surface in 40% ammonium fluoride aqueous solution were measured. The effect of the dissolved oxygen on the etching rates was studied by bubbling the solution with high purity nitrogen. The lateral and longitudinal etching rates of silicon and silica on the（100）surface increase with temperatures except for the lateral etching rate of silica in a N2 -bubbled solution which probably reaches the limit of diffusion controlled reaction. The etching rates of silicon and thermal silica on the Si（100）surface show remarkable difference with that on the Si（111）surface in both air-saturated and N2 -bubbled solutions. The apparent activation energies for the silicon and silica etching processing in ammonium fluoride solution were obtained from the etching rates at different temperatures in the range 20. 6-34. 1℃. The similarity of the apparent activation energies for the etching processing of silicon and silica on the（100）surface to that on the（111）surface probably suggests that the rate-determined-step is the same in both cases. A lot of gas bubbles are seen to aggregate on the surface in silicon dissolution process at 38. 2℃,and it is found that the gas bubbles have great influence on the silicon etching rate. The formation of bubbles accelerates the silicon dissolution at the beginning but blocks the etching as the bubbles gradually aggregate on the surface.     

铈和镧对Q345B钢在海洋大气中腐蚀行为的影响

通过周浸实验对普通Q345B钢和含有微量稀土铈(Ce)和镧(La)的Q345 BRE钢在模拟海洋大气腐蚀环境下,进行了耐腐蚀性能比较.利用失重和电化学方法进行两者的腐蚀速率比较,利用SEM和XRD分析了两者腐蚀形貌和锈层的特征.结果表明:加入混合稀土铈和镧的Q345B钢的腐蚀速率小于普通的Q345B钢,且腐蚀形貌也发生...     

温度和溶液pH值交互作用对X80钢在模拟土壤环境中腐蚀行为的影响

利用循环伏安法（CV）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和Mott-Schottky曲线研究了温度和溶液pH值交互作用下X80钢在模拟土壤环境中的腐蚀性能。结果表明：低pH值条件下X80钢表面会形成一层稳定性差的腐蚀膜;高pH值条件下X80钢表面会形成一层保护性强的腐蚀膜。随着pH值得增大和温度的降低X80钢表面所成腐蚀膜的膜电阻和传递电阻增大,这表明随着pH值得增大和温度的降低X80钢表面所成腐蚀膜对基体的保护性增强。X80钢在模拟土壤环境中表面所成腐蚀膜呈n型半导体特性,膜内施主密度随介质pH值增大而降低,随溶液温度升高而增大。平带电位和pH值之间呈现线性关系。     

模拟深海压力环境下有机涂料/基底金属腐蚀电化学行为研究Ⅰ.海水压力对水在涂层中传输行为和涂层防护性能的影响

于实验室模拟深海压力环境,应用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了有机涂料/基底金属的腐蚀电化学行为.分析海水压力对水在涂层中传输行为和涂层防护性能的影响.结果表明,与常压海水相比,在高压海水(3.5MPa)条件下,该涂层具有不同的电化学阻抗特征,主要表现在高压海水加快了涂层的吸水过程,增大了涂层的吸水率,从而加速了涂层的腐蚀失效过程,致使防护性能变差.     

超临界CO2中甲醇和乙醇无限稀释扩散系数的分子动力学模拟与实验测定

采用分子动力学模拟(MD)方法对甲醇和乙醇在超临界二氧化碳中的无限稀释扩散系数进行了模拟计算, 并应用泰勒分散理论, 采用超临界色谱仪对模拟结果进行了实验验证. 模拟计算值与实验值较吻合, 且变化规律基本一致, 表明采用这种新方法可以准确有效地预测超临界体系的扩散性质, 能够方便地应用于工程设计.     

硫化锰夹杂溶解和微生物存在对不锈钢管发生点蚀

结合发电厂凝汽器不锈钢管内壁腐蚀部位分布规律和腐蚀外貌特征,分别对腐蚀部位沉积物、内壁蚀孔附近管材成分进行扫描电子显微镜观察和能谱分析,探讨了管材中MnS溶解与微生物对凝汽器不锈钢管腐蚀的电化学反应机理,发现二者在点蚀形成过程中具有协同作用,并在综合分析影响不锈钢腐蚀的各种因素的基础上,提出了不锈钢凝汽器在运行过程中应采取的防护措施。     

再生水环境中304不锈钢生物膜腐蚀电化学特征

研究了以再生水作为循环冷却系统补水的北京某热电厂冷却塔底粘泥中分离纯化培养出来的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)生长特性.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)方法研究了304不锈钢(SS304)表面生物膜特征及其主要成分和不锈钢/生物膜界面电化学行为.结果显示,再生水环境下304不锈钢表面形成的生物膜是由吸附的SRB菌体及以含碳有机物为主的胞外聚合物和FeS腐蚀产物构成.浸泡前期(前7 d)SS304电极表面阻抗值主要由SS304表面钝化膜的贡献;浸泡后期(14 d后),电极体系阻抗值由不锈钢表面钝化膜和生物膜共同贡献.     

亚稳态304不锈钢应力腐蚀影响因素探讨

30 4不锈钢通过低温拉伸制得含有不同马氏体相变量的试样 ,由于冷加工将不可避免地导致位错密度大幅度增加 ,利用铁素体测量仪和透射电镜 (TEM )检测并分析 30 4不锈钢位错形态 .上述试样在 4 2 %MgCl2 沸腾溶液中用慢应变速率法 (SSRT) ,结合金相显微镜 ,扫描电子显微镜等表面分析手段 ,探讨了微观组织变化对 30 4不锈钢应力腐蚀的影响 .结果表明 :由于马氏体相和位错缺陷的交互作用 ,影响了 30 4不锈钢在沸腾MgCl2 溶液中应力腐蚀敏感性 ,且在不同变形量范围内 ,影响的主导因素不同     

苯酚苯胺共聚物在304不锈钢电极表面的电化学合成及成膜微观结构分析

Electrochemical copolymerization of phenol and aniline was achieved on 304 stainless steel anodes in neutral water solution with an electrolyte of Na₂SO₄O₄. Compared with pit corro-sion potential of different copolymer coatings, the best solution composition was 0.09 mol/L phenol and 0.01 mol/L aniline. Through infrared spectrum analysis, polyaniline structure was proved in phenol-aniline copolymer, as well as more side chains. Scanning electron mi-croscope was used to analyze microstructure of copolymer coating, taking advantage of part solubility of phenol-aniline copolymer in tetrahydrofuran, the bifurcate network structure was observed. The copolymer coating microstructure was summarized, compared with the performance of polyphenol coatings, the reasons of corrosion resistance enhancement with the addition of aniline in electropolymerization reaction was assumed as well.     

An Electrochemical Study on the Corrosion Inhibition of Stainless Steel by Polyaniline Film

Polyaniline(PANI)film was electrosynthesized on 304 stainless steel by cyclic voltammetry using aqueous oxalic acid as supporting electrolyte.The potential sweep rates were changed to achieve the PANI film with different thickness and structures.Protective properties of the PANI film for corrosion of stainless steel in 3% NaC1 aqueous solution were investigated by monitoring potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results showed that the PANI film which was formed with lower sweep rate led to more positive shift of corrosion potential and greater charge transfer resistance,reflecting higher inhibition for corrosion of the stainless steel.     

钝化与过钝化状态下304不锈钢的点蚀行为研究

为了进一步了解不锈钢钝化膜与过钝化膜的性质,本文对比研究了在不同电位下极化处理后304不锈钢样品的点蚀及表面膜性质,发现空白对照组样品的点蚀电位和1.1 V过钝化处理后样品的点蚀电位相近,而0.5 V钝化处理后样品的点蚀电位较高. 扫描Kelvin探针（SKP）实验结果也验证了这一现象. 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示,空白对照组样品表面只呈现一般样品抛光后形貌;0.5 V钝化处理后的样品表面被颗粒状钝化膜所覆盖,该膜层决定了样品具有较好的耐蚀性;而1.1 V过钝化处理后的样品表面出现裂缝,导致不锈钢基体继续发生严重的局部腐蚀,可能成为过钝化膜保护性变差的主要原因.     

双相不锈钢的选择性腐蚀研究(英文)

双相不锈钢中的铁素体(α相)和奥氏体(γ相)具有不同的晶体结构和化学成分,使之在水溶液环境中表现不同的耐蚀特征.本文应用空间分辨电化学技术测量2205双相不锈钢中铁素体和奥氏体的电位差异,并用电镜技术分析了α相和γ相的选择性腐蚀形态.结果表明,在0.01mol/LNaCl溶液中,铁素体的腐蚀电位比奥氏体高,而在2mol/LH2SO4+xmol/LHCl溶液中,双相不锈钢在活化＿钝化电位区出现两个明显的阳极电流峰.铁素体相的选择性腐蚀发生在较负的阳极峰电位,而奥氏体则在较正的阳极电位峰发生选择性腐蚀.     

Synthesis and Properties of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Thin Coatings for Corrosion Protection of 304 Stainless Steel

Powders and thin coatings of ceria and titania were synthesized from aqueous and solvent-based precursors. Thin coatings were deposited on polished 304 stainless steel coupons by dipping them in the appropriate sol-gel oxide precursors. The coatings were subsequently densified and crystallized at several hundreds of degrees. It was possible to obtain dense titania coatings by applying thin coatings of cerium dioxide prior to titania on stainless steel substrates. Underlayer ceria coatings proved to be pivotal in obtaining dense titania coatings and preserving the integrity of the stainless steel while going through the high temperature treatments. The effect of processing parameters such as the atmosphere of heat-treatment, and temperature on the microstructure and crystal structure of the films and powders of ceria and titania was investigated. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the crystal structure of films and powders upon heat-treatment. Electrochemical measurements in NaCl, and analytical techniques such as SEM and EDX were used to evaluate the corrosion performance and pitting morphology of coated samples. A composite coating of ceria and titania was able to prevent crevice corrosion and increase the pitting resistance of the 304 stainless steel relative to the uncoated substrate.     

纳米钛酸锶薄膜电极的组装及其对不锈钢的光电化学缓蚀性能

研究了在铟锡氧化物（ITO）导电玻璃上组装的纳米钛酸锶薄膜光电极在模拟日光照射下对不锈钢的抗腐蚀保护性能.通过溶胶-凝胶法在添加和不添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）表面活性剂的情况下制得了不同形貌的钛酸锶粉体.X射线衍射（XRD）和高分辨扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征结呆表明,两种方法合成的钛酸锶均为钙钛矿型结构,但添加CTAB后得到的钛酸锶颗粒分散均匀,平均粒径为90 nm左右.采用紫外-可见漫反射光谱对钛酸锶薄膜的光物理性质进行了研究,发现其光吸收范围在紫外光区,而且通过CTAB协助合成的钛酸锶在小于380 nm光区较非CTAB协助合成的钛酸锶有更强的吸收.以0.1 mol·L^-1NaOH+0.2 mol·L^-1Na₂S溶液为光电极反应的电解质,测试了钛酸锶薄膜电极对304不锈钢在0.5 mol·L^-1的NaCI腐蚀溶液中的光电化学缓蚀性能.304不锈钢在CTAB改性钛酸锶薄膜光电化学保护或不保护条件在0.5 mol·L^-1NaCl+0.05 mol·L^-1HCl腐蚀溶液中腐蚀6h前后的表面金相图表明,钛酸锶薄膜具有优异的光电化学抗腐蚀性能.