Three-Level Safety Evaluation of Suspended Sections of Underwater Buried Pipelines北大核心CSCD

The uneven riverbed, and the impact and scour actions by water flow, make the underwater buried pipeline vulnerable to exposure and suspension, and endanger the pipeline operation safety. To investigate the mechanical properties and failure behaviors of the suspended pipeline section under water impact, according to the failure mechanism of the pipeline, the statics and dynamics analyses of the pipeline were carried out, and the graded safety evaluation technique for the buried pipeline with suspended sections was presented. First, a “static strength safety evaluation under static loads” (level 1) was conducted according to the mechanical features and stress states of the pipeline’s suspended section. Second, a “resonance safety evaluation under dynamic loads” (level 2) was conducted based on the correlation between the natural vibration frequencies of the suspended pipeline and the vortex emission frequencies of water flow. Finally, the periodical change process of the pipeline’s alternating stress was studied to solve the fatigue damage and fatigue life of the pipeline, and the “fatigue strength safety evaluation under dynamic loads” (level 3) was performed. Thus, a 3-level safety assessment procedure for pipelines with suspended sections was proposed. The stabilizing measures for pipelines of poor safety were suggested, and through an example, a specific calculation process was provided. The work serves as a theoretical guide for the safety evaluation of the suspended sections of underwater buried pipelines. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

A Self-Adaptive Alternating Direction Multiplier Method for Frictionless Elastic Contact Problems北大核心CSCD

A self⁃adaptive alternating direction multiplier method was designed for frictionless elastic contact problems. An augmented Lagrange function was introduced for the variational formulation of the problem with an auxiliary variable, to deduce a minimization problem and an equivalent saddle⁃point problem. Then the alter⁃ nating direction multiplier method was used to solve the problem. To enhance the performance of the algo⁃ rithm, a self⁃adaptive rule based on the iterative function on the boundary was proposed to automatically select the proper penalty parameter. The advantage of this algorithm is that, each iteration only needs to solve a linear variational problem and explicitly calculate the auxiliary variable and the Lagrange multiplier. The convergence of the algorithm was analyzed theoretically. The numerical results illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

Elastic Analysis of Anisotropic Rotating Sandwich Circular Ring With a Functionally Graded Transition Region北大核心CSCD

The elastic analysis of anisotropic rotating sandwich ring with a functionally graded transition region was carried out. Like the shell sandwich structure in nature, the ring is composed of 3 well⁃bonded regions, of which the inner and outer regions are made of homogeneous anisotropic materials, and the intermediate transi⁃ tion region is made of a material with arbitrary⁃gradient properties along the radial direction. Based on the boundary conditions and the continuity conditions at the interface, the 2nd Fredholm integral equation for the radial stress was obtained with the integral equation method, then the stress and displacement fields of the sandwich ring structure were obtained through numerical solution. The distributions of the stress and displace⁃ ment fields in the sandwich ring structure were given. Different gradient changes encountered in engineering practice can be solved only through substitution of the corresponding function model. The effectiveness and ac⁃ curacy of the integral equation method were verified through comparison of the numerical solutions with the ex⁃ act ones for a special power function gradient variation form. The more general Voigt function model was adopt⁃ ed for the intermediate transition region, and the influences of the anisotropy degree, the gradient parameter, and the thickness on the stress and displacement fields were analyzed. The proposed Fredholm integral equation method provides a powerful tool for the optimal design of anisotropic functionally graded materials and sand⁃ wich ring structures. The numerical results make a theoretical guidance for the safety design of anisotropic functionally graded sandwich ring structures. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fractures Intersecting Natural Fractures in Shale With Plastic Deformation北大核心CSCD

The plastic deformation and numerous natural joints of shale pose a great challenge for the predic⁃ tion of the hydraulic fracture geometry extension. Based on the finite element method, a fully coupled numeri⁃ cal model for elastoplastic hydraulic fractures was established with natural fractures and bedding planes consid⁃ ered. The numerical model was validated with the KGD analytical solution and Blanton’s curve. The numerical results show that, compared with the numerical model solution of linear elasticity, the hydraulic fractures are prone to enter the natural weak interface due to the rock plastic deformation. The rock plastic deformation area mainly lies in the reservoir layer during the fracture propagation. In the case of rock ductile damage, the hy⁃ draulic fracture is more likely to penetrate the bedding plane. Hydraulic fractures can directly penetrate natural fractures and bedding planes at high injection rates due to large driving forces. The study provides new insights in terms of hydraulic fracture extension in elastoplastic formations. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

A fast and efficient mesh segmentation method based on improved region growing

Mesh segmentation is one of the important issues in digital geometry processing. Region growing method has been proven to be a efficient method for 3D mesh segmentation. However, in mesh segmentation, feature line extraction algorithm is computationally costly, and the over-segmentation problem still exists during region merging processing. In order to tackle these problems, a fast and efficient mesh segmentation method based on improved region growing is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the dihedral angle of each non-boundary edge is defined and computed simply, then the sharp edges are detected and feature lines are extracted. After region growing process is finished, an improved region merging method will be performed in two steps by considering some geometric criteria. The experiment results show the feature line extraction algorithm can obtain the same geometric information fast with less computational costs and the improved region merging method can solve over-segmentation well.     

Responses of SDOF Structures With SPIS-Ⅱ Dampers Under Random Seismic Excitation北大核心CSCD

A closed-form solution of responses of SDOF structures with SPIS-Ⅱ dampers under seismic excitation modeled with the Clough-Pezien spectrum was proposed, and the shock absorption performance and influential factors of this system were studied based on the proposed method. Firstly, the motion equation for the SPIS-Ⅱ damper was established, and the unified expressions of frequency domain solutions of structural responses, such as the structural displacement and the inerter force, were obtained. Secondly, based on the rational expression decomposition and the residue theorem, the quadratic orthogonal equations of the frequency response eigenvalue function and the Clough-Pezien spectrum were obtained respectively, and in turn the quadratic orthogonal equation of the structural response power spectrum was deduced. Thirdly, the concise closed-form solutions of the 0~2nd-order spectral moments of the structural responses were acquired. The proposed method and the virtual excitation method were used to analyze a case respectively, which verifies the correctness of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed method was used to analyze the effects of the inerter parameters on the seismic performances of the structure. The research shows that, the proposed method gives closed-form solutions better than those given by the virtual excitation method in terms of computation efficiency and accuracy. The damping performance will improve with the increase of µm and µξ for a constant µω and the damping performance will reach the optimum for µω=1. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

PREFERENCE AND EVOLUTION IN THE ITERATED PRISONER＇S DILEMMA

Game theory is extensively used to study strategy-making and actions of play- ers. The authors proposed an analysis method for study the evolutionary outcome and behaviors of players with preference in iterated prisoner＇s dilemma. In this article, a preference parameter k was introduced in the payoff matrix, wherein the value of k denotes the player＇s degree of egoism and altruism （preference）. Then, a game-theoretic dynamical model was formulated using Birth-and-Death process. The authors studied how preference influences the evolutionary equilibrium and behaviors of players. The authors get the general results： egoism leads to defection, and altruism can make players build trust and maintain cooperation, and so, the hope of the Pareto optimal solution. In the end, the simulation experiments proved the efficiency of the method.     

Simulation Study on Dam Break Flow Based on the B-Spline Material Point Method北大核心CSCD

The dam break flow poses a common free surface flow problem in hydraulic engineering, and its ac⁃ curate simulation is of great engineering significance. The B⁃spline material point method (BSMPM), as an im⁃ proved algorithm of the material point method (MPM), has optimized accuracy and convergence in material point calculations and unique algorithmic advantages in free surface flow problems. Based on the BSMPM, a weakly compressible BSMPM (WC⁃BSMPM) was developed through introduction of an artificial equation of state. The simulation of the dam break flow problem was carried out, with the effects of the order of the B⁃ spline interpolation basis function on the simulation results analyzed. The results show that, the simulated fluid wavefront position, the wavefront velocity and the elevation variation at a given position are basically consistent with the existing experimental results. As the order of the basis function increases, the computation time will lengthen for about 1.5 times. However, the computation times of the BSMPM of different orders will uniformly increase approximately linearly with the background grid size. The validity of the WC⁃BSMPM simulation of the dam break flow problem was verified. The research provides a new idea and method for the simulation of dam break flow problems. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

GPU Parallelization Computation of High-Dimensional Multi-Phase Separation in Complex Domains Based on the Corrected FPM北大核心CSCD

Based on the corrected finite pointset method (CFPM) with CPU-GPU heteroid parallelization (CFPM-GPU), a high-efficiency, accurate and fast parallel algorithm was developed for the high-dimensional phase separation phenomena governed by the multi-component Cahn-Hilliard (C-H) equation in complex domains. The proposed parallel algorithm with the CFPM-GPU was built in a process like: ① introduce the Wendland weight function into the discretization of the finite pointset method (FPM) scheme for the 1st/2nd spatial derivatives, based on the Taylor series and the weighted least square concept; ② use the above FPM scheme twice to approximate the 4th spatial derivative in the C-H equation, which is called the CFPM method; ③ for the first time establish an accelerating parallel algorithm for the CFPM with local matrices by means of a single GPU card based on the CUDA programming. Two benchmark problems of 2D radially and 3D spherically symmetric C-H equations were first solved to test the accuracy and high-efficiency of the proposed CFPM-GPU, and the acceleration ratio of the GPU parallelization to the single CPU computation is about 160. Subsequently, the proposed CFPM-GPU was used to predict the 2D/3D multi-phase separation phenomena in complex domains, and the prediction was compared with other numerical results. The numerical results show that, the proposed CFPM-GPU is valid and high-efficiency to simulate the 2D/3D multi-phase separation cases in complex domains. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

TWO NOVEL GRADIENT METHODS WITH OPTIMAL STEP SIZES

In this work we introduce two new Barzilai and Borwein-like steps sizes for the classical gradient method for strictly convex quadratic optimization problems.The proposed step sizes employ second-order information in order to obtain faster gradient-type methods.Both step sizes are derived from two unconstrained optimization models that involve approximate information of the Hessian of the objective function.A convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is provided.Some numerical experiments are performed in order to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods with similar methods in the literature.Experimentally,it is observed that our proposals accelerate the gradient method at nearly no extra computational cost,which makes our proposal a good alternative to solve large-scale problems.     

Identification of non-minimum phase transfer function using higher-order spectrum

The present paper treats the identification of parametric nonminimum phase transfer function. We propose a method of identification based on the inner outer factorization of stable transfer function. It consists of identifying the outer and inner parts of a transfer function separately. The outer part is identified by the use of the second-order spectral estimate from the observed linear process, while the inner part is identified by the use of a higher-order cumulant spectral estimate from the observed process. Respective parameter estimators are determined in the light of asymptotic efficiency. In order to estimate the order of the inner part of a transfer function, a criterion is proposed. It is introduced based on the same principle as in the case of Akaike's AIC.     

Mathematical simulation of nonlinear oscillations of viscoelastic pipelines conveying fluid

A mathematical model of the problem of nonlinear oscillations of a viscoelastic pipeline conveying fluid is developed in the paper. The Boltzmann–Volterra integral model with weakly singular kernels of heredity is used to describe the processes of pipeline strain. Using the Bubnov–Galerkin method, the mathematical model of the problem is reduced to the study of a system of ordinary integro-differential equations, where time is an independent variable. The solution of integro-differential equations is determined by a numerical method based on the elimination of the singularity in the relaxation kernel of the integral operator. Using the numerical method for unknowns, a system of algebraic equations is obtained. To solve a system of algebraic equations, the Gauss method is used. A computational algorithm is developed to solve the problems of the dynamics of viscoelastic pipelines with a flowing fluid. The algorithm of the proposed method makes it possible to investigate in detail the effect of rheological parameters on the character of vibrational strength of viscoelastic pipelines with a fluid flow, in particular, in the study of free oscillations of pipelines based on the theory of ideally elastic shells. On the basis of the computational algorithm developed, a set of applied computer programs has been created, which makes it possible to carry out numerical studies of pipeline oscillations. The influence of singularity in the heredity kernels and the geometric parameters of the pipeline on the vibrations of structures possessing viscoelastic properties is numerically investigated. It is shown that an account of viscoelastic properties of pipeline material leads decrease in the amplitude and frequency of oscillation. It is established that to reveal the influence of viscoelastic properties of structure material on the pipeline oscillations, it is necessary to use the Abel-type weakly singular kernels of heredity. The obtained results of numerical simulation can be used in the enterprises of oil and gas industries, as well as in design organizations.     

An Adaptive Subdivision Algorithm for the Identification of the Diffusion Coefficient in Two-dimensional Elliptic Problems

In this work, we consider the identification problem of the diffusion coef-ficient in two-dimensional elliptic equations. For parameterization, we use the zonation method: the diffusion coefficient is assumed to be a piecewise constant space function and unknowns are both the diffusion coefficient values and the geometry of the zones. An algorithm based on geometric principles is developed in order to determine the boundaries between the zones. This algorithm uses the refinement indicators which are easily computed from the gradient of the objective function. The efficiency of the algorithm is proved by testing it in some simple cases with and without noise on the data.      

考虑空间效应的多支撑管线随机地震响应分析

提出了一种能考虑地震动空间变化效应的多支撑管线随机地震响应分析的解析方法.证明了多点地震作用下结构的平稳随机响应分析可转化为求解支座简谐运动时的确定性响应,直接给出了含有待定系数的简谐响应的形式,并通过边界条件和连续性条件建立待定系数的求解方程.与拟静位移分解法相比,该方法不用计算结构的振型以及拟静位移分量,完全是基于解析推导,因此在计算效率方面优势明显.数值算例中,采用该方法和拟静位移分解法计算了一个6跨管线在空间多点地震作用下的随机响应,对比验证了方法的正确性和高效性.     

基于深海卷管铺设的海管椭圆度分析

深水海管在使用卷管铺设时,海管截面变形较大,产生椭圆化现象,降低了海管的弯曲能力,甚至使海管发生失稳及局部屈曲．利用应变能法和Ritz法建立了海管椭圆度理论求解方法．用有限元软件ABAQUS对有初始弯曲曲率及无初始弯曲曲率的海管分别进行了非线性有限元分析,并与modified Brazier方法及modified von Kármán方法得到的结果进行了比较．由以上几种方法得到的计算结果基本吻合．再次利用有限元软件对海管椭圆度的敏感参数进行了分析,多组结果显示椭圆度受海管管径、壁厚、初始弯曲曲率、弯曲曲率等参数的影响,并得到了椭圆度随海管几何参数变化的规律．椭圆度的研究为深海卷管铺设提供了理论基础.     

基于曲率插值的大变形梁单元

线性梁单元的形函数在单元大转动时会引起虚假应变,不适用于几何非线性分析．传统的几何非线性梁单元由于位移插值和转角插值的相干性,常常引起剪切闭锁等问题．该文 提出了一种平面大变形梁单元,通过单元域内的曲率插值以及曲率与节点位移之间的函数关系,将单元节点力和节点位移表示为节点曲率的函数．由于曲率插值本质上是对梁的应变进行插值,保证了单元任意刚体运动不会产生虚假的节点力;且将梁的截面形心位移表示为曲率的函数,避免了传统单元中的剪切闭锁问题．因而所提方法特别适用于梁的几何非线性分析．数值算例说明了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

Transient flow in natural gas pipeline – The effect of pipeline thermal model

One-dimensional, nonisothermal gas flow model was solved to simulate the slow and fast fluid transients, such as those typically found in high-pressure gas transmission pipelines. The results of the simulation were used to understand the effect of different pipeline thermal models on the flow rate, pressure and temperature in the pipeline. It was found that simplified flow model with steady-state heat transfer term overestimates the amplitude of the temperature fluctuations in the pipeline. This result indicated that unsteady heat transfer model with the effect of heat accumulation in the surroundings of the pipeline should be used to calculate the gas parameters at locations of interest within high-pressure gas transmission pipelines.     

一种面向效率的系统多序参量识别方法

针对社会组织系统演化过程中效率性要求,基于系统演化有效性识别及评估,提出能够反映系统演化过程效率的多序参量识别方法,为提升系统演化过程效率提供可操作的技术参考。通过产出/投入视角分析多序参量形成过程,结合其对系统演化过程的影响,给出基于产出/投入的系统演化过程中多序参量效率原理;应用改进的数据包络分析方法和已有指标体系,建立面向效率的系统演化过程多序参量识别模型。最后,通过算例验证方法的科学有效性。     

A story-based dynamic geometry approach to improve attitudes toward geometry and geometric proof

This work is a part of a larger study, which presents geometry through a daily life story using dynamic geometry software. It aimed in particular to enable students to feel the importance of geometry in daily life, to share in the process of formulating geometric statements and conjectures, to experience the geometric proof more than validating the correctness of geometric statements and to start with a real-life situation and go through seven steps to geometric proof. The content of the suggested approach was organized so that every activity was a prerequisite for entering the next one, either in the structure of geometric concepts or in the geometric story context. Some indications will be presented according to three Likert-type questionnaires, which were prepared by the researcher with the purpose of assessing students?? attitudes toward geometry and geometric proof, using computers in mathematics learning and the suggested approach. The analysis of single responses to questionnaire items showed significant changes in students?? beliefs about geometry, importance and functions of geometric proof and toward using the suggested approach.