浅析基金评审的模糊属性

同行评议是科学基金项目评审的重要环节。高质量的同行评议是实现基金精准资助的前提和保障。本文以国家自然科学基金通讯评审为例,针对同行评议中出现的评审偏差,探讨了基金评审的模糊属性,提出了通过构建评审结果的模糊集合及一致性函数来解决该问题的可能性,为进一步优化评审结果、实现基金精准资助指出了新方向。     

国家自然科学基金委试行电子方式的同行通讯评议

在国家自然科学基金委的信息化建设进程中,实现网上受理和评审是重要环节之一.化学科学部物化学科在今年的科学基金评审中,进行了电子方式同行通讯评议的试点工作.同行评议专家可以通过在线、离线或电子邮件附件方式传递同行评议意见.     

建立学术共同体互信的基金评审机制的尝试与思考

完善评审机制是国家自然科学基金委新时代基金改革的重要任务之一。为切实落实该项改革任务,建立符合新时代科学基金资助导向的科学、公正、高效的评审机制,基金委化学部努力探索新的学科基金管理模式,尝试了在通信评审阶段由科学家与学科管理人员共同参与项目的分组、指派,共同完成同行评议专家遴选工作的新模式。本文分析了科学家参与同行评议专家遴选工作的利弊,探讨了如何更好的发挥科学家在同行评议专家遴选工作中的作用,建立学术共同体互信的基金评审机制。     

1989年度国家自然科学基金化学科学部有机化学学科评审结果

1989年国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部科学基金申请项目审批工作已于9月15日结束,1989年有机化学学科自由申请项目共有90个单位申报了279个项目,申请经费1479.84万元。按照“依靠专家,发扬民主,择优支持,公正合理”的评审原则,经过通讯同行评议和学科评审组评审,批准资助74项,资助总金额215万元,项目批准率26.5％,平均资助强度2.9万/项。青年科学基金共申报了30项,经过通讯评议、答辩,批准资助4项,平均资助强度4万/项。     

2011年度化学科学三处国家自然科学基金项目评审工作总结

主要总结了2011年度化学科学三处的面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金项目的申请和资助情况,其中包括申请和资助项目的研究方向、依托单位分布以及项目申请队伍情况,提出了值得注意的问题,以期为项目申请人和同行评议专家提供参考.     

1999年国家杰出青年科学基金及海外、香港青年学者合作研究基金评审结果简况(化学科学)

１９９９年国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部共受理６４份国家杰出青年科学基金申请书及２０份海外、香港青年学者合作研究基金申请书。在同行评议的基础上,择优推荐了２４名国家杰出青年科学基金申请者和６名海外、香港青年学者合作研究基金的国内合作者到会介绍申请人的工作成就和研究工作的设想,并回答了评委提问。经化学科学部杰出青年科学基金专业评审组评审和投票,遴选出建议资助人选。经国家杰出青年科学基金评审委员会评审和批准,化学科学部共有１７人获得国家杰出青年科学基金资助,６人获得海外、香港青年学者合作研究基金资…     

2000年国家杰出青年科学基金及海外、香港青年学者合作研究基金评审结果简况（化学科学部）

20 0 0年国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部共受理80份国家杰出青年科学基金申请书及 30份海外、香港青年合作研究基金申请书 (与 1999年相比 ,前者申请多 2 0份 ,后者申请多 10份 )。在同行评议的基础上 ,择优推荐了 30名国家杰出青年科学基金申请者和 11名海外、香港青年学者合作研究基金的申请者或国内合作者到会进行复审 ,在会上申请人报告了其研究方向及主要学术成绩、创新点及评价和拟开展的研究工作设想及科学意义 ,回答了评委的提问。经化学科学部杰出青年科学基金专业评审组评审和投票 ,遴选出建议资助候选人。最后 ,经国家杰出青…     

2012年度国家杰出青年科学基金评审结果简况(化学科学部)

国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部2012年受理国家杰出青年科学基金申请313项,比2011年的344项减少31项,主要原因是2012年优秀青年科学基金的设立转移了部分年轻申请人。在通讯评议基础上,化学科学部择优推荐46名申请者到会答辩,其中女性学者5人。化学科学部杰出青年科学基金专业评审组专家就申请者的主要学术成绩、创新点、拟开展的研究工作及科学意义等方面进行了评议,投票遴选出31名资助候选人。2012年9月21日经国家杰出青年科学基金评审委员会评审,化学科学部推荐的31名候选人均获得资助,资助率为9.9%。     

2013年度国家杰出青年科学基金评审结果简况(化学科学部)

国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部2013年受理国家杰出青年科学基金申请329项,比2012年的313项增加16项。在通讯评议基础上,化学科学部择优推荐47名申请者到会答辩,其中女性学者7人。化学科学部杰出青年科学基金专业评审组专家就申请者的主要学术成绩、创新点、拟开展的研究工作及科学意义等方面进行了评议,投票遴选出31名资助候选人。2013年9月17日经国家杰出青年科学基金评审委员会评审,化学科学部推荐的31名候选人均获得资助,资助率为9.4%。     

2009年度物理化学学科科学基金项目评审总结

本文总结了2009年度物理化学学科面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目的申请、受理及评审情况. 通过与过去几年申请和资助项目进行比较, 分析了申请和资助项目研究内容变化发展趋势和人才队伍情况, 提出了在项目申报及评审过程中值得大家关注和借鉴的问题.     

Bias analysis of proficiency testing programme results

A proficiency testing programme might involve a great number of participating laboratories coming from different countries or regions, and normally they analysed the same test materials using their own routine analytical methods. Hence, the results of a proficiency testing programme may contain valuable information which could serve purposes other than just performance evaluation. This study attempted to extract information from the results of a proficiency testing programme for the purposes of educating the participating laboratories as suggested by ISO/IEC 17043. The “bias analysis” approach introduced in this study was based on the statistical model of measurement and the nature of bias in chemical analysis. With this approach, the participating laboratories could estimate the bias associated with different settings of experimental conditions according to the statistics of subset distribution of the reported results from the participating laboratories. This would be useful for them to review the analytical procedures they used and modify their methods if needed. The approach was applied to the analysis of data obtained from a number of past proficiency testing programmes, and the findings were discussed in this paper.     

测量不确定度的研究和应用进展

综述了测量不确定度在国内外的研究及应用的进展，发现测量不确定度是现代误差理论的重要内容，是定量描述测量结果质量的重要指标。目前由ISO等七个国际组织提出的GUM(测量不确定度表述导则)已被各国广泛接受，国内外已有大量关于不确定度应用的文献。除GUM外，还存在其它几种不确定度评定模型。我国虽然对GUM存在重大疑义，并向有关国际组织提出了一些建设性的意见，但在方法的执行上目前仍然与国际社会保持了对GUM的一致态度。     

Application of reference materials for quality assessment in neutron activation analysis-use of information theory

It is generally accepted that an analytical procedure can be regarded as an information production system yielding information on the composition of the analyzed sample. Thus, information theory can be useful and the quantities characterizing the information properties of an analytical method may be applied not only as evaluation criteria but also as objective functions in the optimization. The usability of information theory is demonstrated on the example of neutron activation analysis. Both precision and bias of NAA results are taken into account together with the possible use of reference materials for quality assessment. The influence of the above-mentioned parameters on information properties such as information gain and profitability of NAA results is discussed in detail. It has been proved that information theory is especially useful in choosing suitable reference materials for the quality assessment of routine analytical procedures not only with respect to matrix and analyte concentration in the sample but also to concentrations and uncertainties of certified values in the CRM used. In the extreme trace analysis, CRMs with relatively large uncertainties and very low certified concentrations can still yield rather high information gain of results.     

Should non-significant bias be included in the uncertainty budget?

The bias of an analytical procedure is calculated in the assessment of trueness. If this experimental bias is not significant, we assume that the procedure is unbiased and, consequently, the results obtained with this procedure are not corrected for this bias. However, when assessing trueness there is always a probability of incorrectly concluding that the experimental bias is not significant. Therefore, non-significant experimental bias should be included as a component of uncertainty. In this paper, we have studied if it is always necessary to include this term and which is the best approach to include this bias in the uncertainty budget. To answer these questions, we have used the Monte-Carlo method to simulate the assessment of trueness of biased procedures and the future results these procedures provide. The results show that non-significant experimental bias should be included as a component of uncertainty when the uncertainty of this bias represents at least a 30% of the overall uncertainty. Received: 29 May 2001 Accepted: 10 December 2001     

Toward standardization of quality assessment in laboratory medicine by using the same matrix samples for both internal and external quality assessments

The main purpose of quality assurance procedures in clinical laboratories is to ensure that test results are appropriate to maintain excellence in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of disease. However, in current practice, no standardized procedure or frequency for the evaluation of methods exists, particularly in external quality assessment. Furthermore, different quality control materials are typically used for internal and external quality assessment. To overcome these discrepancies, we used samples with the same matrix for both internal and external quality assessments of a group test performed in our laboratory. We then calculated total error using real bias (target value obtained by reference method) and the imprecision of each test and compared our results with the total error allowable, derived from biological variation data. We suggest that the strategy of using the same matrix samples for both internal and external quality assessment is cost-effective, can be readily used by staff, and will facilitate the standardization of quality control in clinical laboratories.     

Regular participation in proficiency testing provides long term improvements in laboratory performance: an assessment of data over time

Data from various proficiency testing schemes, operated by LGC Standards, was collated and reviewed to determine whether regular involvement within third party, proficiency testing, either over a prolonged period of time or via multiple participation, had improved the performance of those laboratories taking part. Three statistical evaluations were applied to historical PT results, a review of improvements over time, demonstrated by the evaluation of satisfactory performance scores achieved, a review of the relative robust standard deviations obtained from multiple methods and a focused review of one analyst participating in proficiency testing over a prolonged period of time. In each case the data indicated that long term participation and evaluation via proficiency testing had resulted in consistent and sustained improvements in laboratory performance.     

Evaluation of food emergency response laboratories’ capability for <Superscript>210</Superscript>Po analysis using proficiency test material with verifiable traceability

Measurement capability and data comparability are essential for emergency response when analytical data from cooperative laboratories are used for risk assessment and post incident decision making. In this study, the current capability of food emergency response laboratories for the analysis of ²¹⁰Po in water was evaluated using a proficiency test scheme in compliance with ISO-43 and ILAC G13 guidelines, which comprises a test sample preparation and verification protocol and an insightful statistical data evaluation. The results of performance evaluations on relative bias, value trueness, precision, false positive detection, minimum detection limit, and limit of quantification, are presented.     

Laboratory assessment by combined z score values in proficiency tests: experience gained through the European Union proficiency tests for pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables

The obligation for accredited laboratories to participate in proficiency tests under ISO 17025, performing multiresidue methods (MRMs) for pesticide residues, involves the reporting of a large number of individual z scores making the evaluation of the overall performance of the laboratories difficult. It entails, time and again, the need for ways to summarise the laboratory’s overall assessment into a unique combined index. In addition, the need for ways to continually evaluate the performance of the laboratory over the years is equally acknowledged. For these reasons, following 14 years of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables (EUPT-FV), useful formulas have been designed to globally evaluate the assessment of the participating laboratories. The aim is to achieve a formula which is easy to understand, which can be applied and which fits the purposes of long-term evaluation detecting positive and negative trends. Moreover, consideration is needed for a fair compensation of bad results in MRM, taking into account the large number of compounds that are covered. It is therefore important to be aware of the difficulties in getting satisfactory values from a wide range of compounds. This work presents an evaluation of the main well-established combined z score formulas together with those new ones developed here which have been applied to the European proficiency test results (EUPTs) over the years. Previous formulas such as the rescaled sum of z score (RSZ), the sum squared of z score (SSZ) and the relative laboratory performance (RLP) are compared with the newer ones: the sum of weighted z scores (SWZ) and the sum of squared z scores (SZ2). By means of formula comparisons, conclusions on the advantages, drawbacks and the most fit-for-purpose approach are achieved.     

Quantitation of cyclosporin A in whole blood by liquid chromatography/stable isotope dilution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Therapy with cyclosporin A (CsA) for immunosuppression after organ transplantation requires monitoring of its levels in blood owing to the narrow therapeutic index of the drug and to the high inter-individual variability of the drug absorption and metabolism. We describe the preparation of CsA labelled with stable isotopes ((13)C and (2)H) with an isotopic enrichment of about 99% using labelled glucose and its use as internal standard for quantification of CsA blood levels by isotope dilution/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The method was found to be linear in the tested range (1-1000 ng) with and without the matrix. The accuracy of the bracketting calibration curves prepared using 100 ng ml(-1) labelled CsA was within +/-1.7% (bias). The results confirmed the usefulness of the procedure as a reference method for the external quality assessment of the field methods for the evaluation of CsA blood concentration, the imprecision (relative standard deviation) and accuracy (bias) being <2%.