一种全数字QAM接收机符号定时和载波相位恢复方案

本文提出的全数字ＱＡＭ接收机同步系统的实现方案，将最大平均功率定时同步算法与最大似然载波相位恢复方法相结合，实现了符号定时的同步和载波相位的恢复，整个算法构成一个数字信号处理过程，将符号定时、载波相位和符号解调最佳问题的三维搜索分解为符号定时和载波相位最佳估计的一维搜索，在实现同步的同时也得到符号的最佳解调。算法在定时和相位估计过程中分别采用局部并行前向结构，运算速度快，不需要专门设计同步头就能用于ＴＤＡＭ突发模式。     

OFDM系统中定时偏移的估计技术

在T.M.Schmidl和D.C.Cox提出的解决正交频分多路复用（OFDM）系统定时同步的基础上,给出了两种改进算法。在加性高斯白噪声信道（AWGN）和存在符号间干扰（ISI）的两种信道中,分别对估值进行比较,这两种改进算法得到估值的方差要小得多。     

信道估计在OFDM中的应用

介绍了信道估计在OFDM中的应用,提出一种易于实现的MMSE算法,并对MMSE和LS的性能进行了比较,同时研究了它们的改进算法。结果表明改进算法有很好的性能,可以逼近理想估计。在系统的实现中有较好的参考价值。     

Determination of the multi‐slot transmission in Bluetooth systems with the estimation of the channel error probability

Bluetooth is an open specification for a technology to enable short‐range wireless communications that operate in an ad hoc fashion. Bluetooth uses frequency hopping with a slot length of 625 μs. Each slot corresponds to a packet and multi‐slot packets of three or five slots can be transmitted to enhance the transmission efficiency. However, the use of multi‐slot packet may degrade the transmission performance under high channel error probability. Thus, the length of multi‐slot should be adjusted according to the current channel condition. Segmentation and reassembly (SAR) operation of Bluetooth enables the adjustment of the length of multi‐slot. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi‐slot transmission scheme that adaptively determines the optimal length of slots of a packet according to the channel error probability. We first discuss the throughput of a Bluetooth connection as a function of the length of a multi‐slot and the channel error probability. A decision criteria which gives the optimal length of the multi‐slot is presented under the assumption that the channel error probability is known. For the implementation in the real Bluetooth system, the channel error probability is estimated with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). A simple decision rule for the optimal multi‐slot length is developed to maximize the throughput. Simulation experiment shows that the proposed decision rule for the multi‐slot transmission effectively provides the maximum throughput under any type of channel error correlation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Maximum Likelihood (ML) Symbol Timing Recovery (STR) Techniques for Reconfigurable PAM and QAM Modems

A fast symbol timing recovery (STR) scheme suitable for flexible-symbol-rate, burst-mode M-ary QAM (M-QAM) and PAM (M-PAM) demodulators used in broadband communications is proposed. The maximum- likelihood (ML) estimation is used to derive a feed-forward STR strategy to achieve fast and accurate derivation of the optimum timing instant with a very short training preamble for applications requiring short packet transmission. In addition, the signal sample at the optimum timing instant is reproduced by interpolation. Analysis to derive the ML-based timing estimation algorithm and STR structure is presented. Analytical models are developed to evaluate the effects of imperfect interpolation and channel additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) on the timing estimation performance. The derived expressions can be used for optimum interpolation filter design and selection of key parameters to achieve the required mean squared timing error. Simulation results are in good agreement with the analytical prediction.     

基于训练序列的SC-FDE系统符号同步改进算法

针对单载波频域均衡系统的同步问题,采用不同的训练序列结构,提出两种新的定时测度计算方法,既避免SchmidlCox算法的峰值平台现象,又抑制Minn算法大量旁瓣的产生。仿真结果表明,无论在多径信道还是低信噪比下,改进同步算法具有更低的均方误差。而且第二种定时测度方法既简化计算又保持良好的同步性能,方便在工程实现中缩短定时所需的时间。     

Parametric channel modeling based OFDM channel estimation

A simplified parametric channel estimation approach was proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. Based on parametric channel model, this algorithm is composed of two parts： the estimation of channel parameters and channel interpolation. The exponentially embedded family （EEF） criterion is exploited to determine the number of channel paths as well as the multipath time delays. Consequently, the channel frequency responses is acquired via the estimated parameters. Additionally, the authors＇ scheme is computationally efficient owing to the needless of the eigenvalue decomposition or the estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique （ESPRIT）. Simulations are provided to validate the performance of this algorithm from perspectives of the probability of correct estimation and the mean square error （MSE）. It is demonstrated that this approach exhibits a superior performance over the existing algorithms.     

MIMO-OFDM系统的两步符号定时同步方法

多天线正交频分复用（MIMO-OFDM,Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex）系统中,精确的符号定时同步可使接收端解调数据时消除载波频率偏移和符号间干扰。而由于MIMO空间信道复杂度较高,使得单天线OFDM系统的同步方法不能直接应用于MIMO-OFDM系统中。提出的两步同步方法首先利用时域导频作为第一步同步进行粗同步,然后利用循环交织前缀作为第二步同步对每一个MIMO-OFDM符号进行同步偏差调整。需要指出的是,两次同步过程均可以产生尖锐的相关峰,使得同步精度大为提高。     

Overlapped universal filtered multicarrier system for uplink wireless communication

Universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) is a promising new waveform that eliminates cyclic prefix and performs filtering on a chunk of successive subcarriers. Therefore, it is suitable for applications with requirements on high spectral efficiency and low latency. However, the limited bandwidth may be an obstacle for reliable communication in frequency selective channels. This paper proposes a new transmitter structure for uplink wireless communication system based on UFMC waveform. The basic idea is to allow a user to transmit its information on more than one subband simultaneously, increasing its robustness against frequency selectivity. To eliminate the multiuser interference brought by the overlapped transmission strategy, an iterative receiver with parallel interference cancellation is designed. Rate analysis is provided to reveal the rationale of the proposed scheme. Simulations on the symbol error rate performance are conducted to validate the transceiver design. It is found that the proposed scheme outperforms existing UFMC design without sacrificing any other performance metrics with only moderately increased complexity.     

Performance of robust symbol‐timing and carrier‐frequency estimation for OFDM systems

In recent years, many maximum likelihood (ML) blind estimators have been proposed to estimate timing and frequency offsets for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, the previously proposed ML blind estimators utilizing cyclic prefix do not fully characterize the random observation vector over the entire range of the timing offset and will significantly degrade the estimation performance. In this paper, we present a global ML blind estimator to compensate the estimation error. Moreover, we extend the global ML blind estimator by accumulating the ML function of the estimation parameters to achieve a better accuracy without increasing the hardware or computational complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the estimation performance in both additional white Gaussian noise and ITU‐R M.1225 multipath channels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

最小均方误差光强估计技术

开关键控直接检测光通信系统需要对信号光强进行估计,提出了利用最小均方误差估计技术,并通过 仿真同最大似然估计进行了比较,可以看出最小均方误差估计器在弱湍流情况下优于最大似然估计器。     

Low Complexity Minimum Mean Square Error Channel Estimation for Adaptive Coding and Modulation Systems

Performance of the Adaptive Cod- ing and Modulation （ACM） strongly depends on the retrieved Channel State Information （CSI）, which can be obtained using the chan- nel estimation techniques relying on pilot sy- mbol transmission. Earlier analysis of methods of pilot-aided channel estimation for ACM systems were relatively little. In this paper, we investigate the performance of CSI prediction using the Minimum Mean Square Error （MMSE） channel estimator for an ACM system. To solve the two problems of MMSE： high compu- tational operations and oversimplified assum- ption, we then propose the Low-Complexity schemes （LC-MMSE and Recursion LC-MMSE （R-LC-MMSE））. Computational complexity and Mean Square Error （MSE） are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algo- rithm. Both analysis and numerical results sh- ow that LC-MMSE performs close to the well- known MMSE estimator with much lower com- plexity and R-LC-MMSE improves the appli- cation of MMSE estimation to specific cir- cumstances.     

A Novel Interpolation Method for Maximum Likelihood Timing Recovery

An algorithm to recover bit timing is proposed which maximises a quadratic polynomial approximation to the log-likelihood function. The exact equation for the mean of the log-likelihood function derivative, i.e. the S-curve, is derived and shown to have a sine form. In each time interval the S-curve has two zeros. The zero corresponding to the maximum of the likelihood function is resolved using quadratic interpolation based on four samples per period. The resulting timing synchroniser has a simple open loop feedforward structure which has effectively no acquisition period. Receiver performances in terms of rms timing jitter and bit error rate (BER) are analysed and shown to agree closely with theoretical results.     

毫米波MIMO系统中迭代最小均方误差混合波束成形算法

混合波束成形结构能有效解决毫米波MIMO系统中射频链路受限的问题,但要设计性能较优的混合波束成形算法仍然存在困难.为了实现更高的频谱利用率,提出了一种性能较优的迭代最小均方误差(Alt-MMSE)混合波束成形算法.该算法利用数字矩阵的正交特性,首先进行初始数字矩阵设计,然后通过最小化发送信号与接收信号的均方误差不断迭代更新数字矩阵,在每一次迭代过程中,通过更新后的数字矩阵得到模拟矩阵的相位信息.仿真结果表明,与OMP混合波束成形算法和基于矩阵分解的混合处理方案相比,该算法具有更优的性能且更接近于纯数字波束成形.     

智能天线对CDMA系统上行链路的影响

智能天线技术将信号处理由空域、时域、码域扩展到了空域，它已成为第3代移动通信系统的关键技术之一。本文结合IS－95和cdma2000系统的特点，仿真并分析智能天线对CDMA系统上行链路性能的影响。     

基于LMS估计的卫星移动通信定时同步优化

针对采用长期演进(LTE)通信标准的地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星移动通信系统上行定时误差会影响单载波频分多址技术正交性的问题,在LMS线性估计算法的基础上提出了一种适用于大时延环境下单载波频分多址定时同步优化方法。该方法对用户与卫星之间传输时延的变化进行估计,通过闭环控制补偿减小上行定时误差。仿真表明:该方法在使用LTE标准帧结构时,能保护用户上行信号正交性,避免符号间干扰,且传输速率损失约为9%,远低于传统拓展帧结构方法带来的损失,验证了方法的优越性。     

多用户MIMO下行链路中线性预编码器/译码器设计

研究多用户MIMO下行链路中最小和均方误差意义下线性预编码器/译码器的设计问题.针对该非线性、非凸性的优化问题,传统的联合优化算法性能有限且复杂度较高.提出一种新的设计方案.该方案首先利用信道正交化技术将MIMO下行信道分解成多个并行的等效单用户MIMO信道,然后通过解这些等效MIMO信道上的单用户均方误差最小化问题来获得和均方误差最小问题的近似解.仿真结果显示,该方案的性能要优于传统的联合优化算法.     

基于频域特性的时间交替模数转换系统采样时间误差校正算法

时间交替模数转换器(Time-Interleaved ADC,TIADC)通道间的采样时间相对误差严重影响了系统的无杂散动态范围(Spurious-Free Dynamic Range,SFDR).为校正采样时间相对误差,本文基于TIADC输出与模拟输入信号之间的频域关系,提出一种通过消除输出信号中的误差来校准TIADC的算法.该算法在对输出信号频率表达式进行泰勒近似的基础上构建理想输出信号,并采用最小均方差(LMS)算法来估算时间误差,旨在降低硬件设计的复杂度,提高误差校正的精确度.仿真和验证结果表明该校正算法很容易扩展到多通道,并且可以将输出频谱的SFDR提高约47dB.     

STTC-MIM0-OFDM系统的信道估计算法

为了提高无线通信系统的抗衰落和抗噪声性能和更有效地利用频率资源,研究了多普勒效应在移动信道中的影响,并分析了STTC-MIMO-OFDM系统在快速移动信道中的性能。采用了空频编码梳状等间隔导频插入方式和完全最大似然空频分组解码算法。由仿真图可知当载波数为256个,插入等间隔导频数为32个时,系统的抗多径能力较强,可满足快速移动的信道环境的要求。     

DVB系统中基于QAM调制的时钟恢复算法及实现

描述了DVB系统中接收端时钟恢复的作用,较详细地推导了时钟恢复的算法,并得出了时钟恢复的硬件实现电路,进而通过MATLAB仿真验证了算法的性能。