An sp 2 /sp 3 get‐together : A novel and efficient method can be used to synthesize 3,3‐disubstitued oxindoles by the direct intramolecular oxidative coupling of an aryl C? H and a C? H center (see scheme; DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide).
Copper‐catalyzed Ullmann condensations are key reactions for the formation of carbon–heteroatom and carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. These reactions can lead to structural moieties that are prevalent in building blocks of active molecules in the life sciences and in many material precursors. An increasing number of publications have appeared concerning Ullmann‐type intermolecular reactions for the coupling of aryl and vinyl halides with N, O, and C nucleophiles, and this Minireview highlights recent and major developments in this topic since 2004. 相似文献
An efficient visible light-mediated, eosin Y-catalyzed synthesis of oxazole has been developed from benzil with primary amines, that providing a straightforward, green, and environmentally benign access to a wide variety of substituted oxazole-2-amines under mild reaction conditions. 相似文献
The impact of redox non‐innocence (RNI) on chemical reactivity is a forefront theme in coordination chemistry. A diamide diimine ligand, [{‐CHN(1,2‐C6H4)NH(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2]n (n=0 to −4), (dadi)n, chelates Cr and Fe to give [(dadi)M] ([ 1 Cr(thf)] and [ 1 Fe]). Calculations show [ 1 Cr(thf)] (and [ 1 Cr]) to have a d4 Cr configuration antiferromagnetically coupled to (dadi)2−*, and [ 1 Fe] to be S=2. Treatment with RN3 provides products where RN is formally inserted into the C C bond of the diimine or into a C H bond of the diimine. Calculations on the process support a mechanism in which a transient imide (imidyl) aziridinates the diimine, which subsequently ring opens. 相似文献
The transformation of C? H bonds into other chemical bonds is of great significance in synthetic chemistry. C? H bond‐activation processes provide a straightforward and atom‐economic strategy for the construction of complex structures; as such, they have attracted widespread interest over the past decade. As a prevalent directing group in the field of C? H activation, the amide group not only offers excellent regiodirecting ability, but is also a potential C? N bond precursor. As a consequence, a variety of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles have been obtained by using these reactions. This Focus Review addresses the recent research into the amide‐directed tandem C? C/C? N bond‐formation process through C? H activation. The large body of research in this field over the past three years has established it as one of the most‐important topics in organic chemistry. 相似文献
A powerful fluoride trap : The extremely Lewis acidic silyl cation [Et3Si]+ is an active catalyst for the hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkyl groups at room temperature (see example). The carborane anion [CHB11H5Cl6]? plays an essential role in the catalytic cycle as a weakly coordinating anion that stabilizes cationic intermediates.
Fluorine substituted benzotriazole (BTz) units have shown great potential in improving various conjugated polymers (CPs)-based optoelectronic devices' performance. Thus, it is highly expected for the establishment of simple, efficient, and inexpensive accesses to such polymers. In this paper, Pd-catalyzed direct C H/C H coupling polymerization is first employed for the synthesis of 5,6-difluorobenzotriazole containing π-CPs, which fully avoids prefunctionalization of monomers. Under the optimized conditions, a series of donor-acceptor-type π-CPs with excellent regio-regularity are facilely obtained via the direct C H/C H coupling reaction of 5,6-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyl)-2H-BTz with different thiophene analogs. The chemical structure of the as-synthesized polymers are confirmed by NMR technique including 1H NMR, 19F NMR, and the edited heteronuclear singular quantum correlation and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra as well as comparative study on the same polymers obtained via Stille coupling and direct (hetero)arylation polymerization. Further, their optical properties, electrochemical properties, and thermal stabilities are also carefully explored by UV–Vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammograms as well as thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. On the basis of density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the effect of alkyl substituents attached to thiophene units on the reactivity and optical performance of the resultant polymers is explained. Our protocol exhibits remarkable advantages in synthetic simplicity, atom-economy, high efficiency, and excellent regioselectivity of cross-coupling, providing an alternative synthetic strategy for high-performance optoelectronic materials. 相似文献
Tuning the nature of the linker in a L∼BHR phosphinoborane compound led to the isolation of a ruthenium complex stabilized by two adjacent, δ‐C H and ε‐Bsp2 H, agostic interactions. Such a unique coordination mode stabilizes a 14‐electron “RuH2P2” fragment through connected σ‐bonds of different polarity, and affords selective B H, C H, and B C bond activation as illustrated by reactivity studies with H2 and boranes. 相似文献
Anisotropic effects are broadly used in NMR spectroscopy for structure elucidation. With the development of computational methods it has become possible to quantify the effects and obtain further insight into their origin. Some classical interpretations have been questioned. Herein, we show that the classical “anisotropy cone” representing the anisotropic effect of the C? C single bond should be revised: deshielding at its side and shielding along its end are observed. Consequently, methyl, methylene, and methyne hydrogen atoms are not deshielded by C? C bonds as is conventionally explained in NMR spectroscopy textbooks. They are just less shielded than by the C? H bonds attached at the same carbon. In addition, this anisotropic effect is dependent on the environment and care should be taken when drawing conclusions based on it. For example, it differs for the staggered and eclipsed conformations of ethane in HCCH planes, as well as for cyclohexane. In fact, it is not the anisotropy of the C2? C3/C5? C6 bonds that determines the chemical shift difference of axial and equatorial protons of a rigid cyclohexane ring, but magnetic contributions from all bonds. 相似文献
A trityl ion mediated C H functionalization of ethers with a wide range of nucleophiles at ambient temperature has been developed. The reaction displays high chemoselectivity and good functional group tolerance. The protocol also exhibits excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivities for the unsymmetric ethers, thus stereoselectively generating highly functionalized disubstituted 2,5‐trans tetrahydrofurans (THF), 2,6‐trans tetrahydropyrans (THP), 2,6‐trans dihydropyrans (DHP), and 1,3‐trans isochromans, and highlighting the capacity of the protocol in complex molecule synthesis. 相似文献
In hydrogen‐metal‐phosphorus (H M P) transition metal complexes (proposed as intermediates of H P bond addition to alkynes in the catalytic hydrophosphorylation, hydrophosphinylation, and hydrophospination reactions), alkyne insertion into the metal‐hydrogen bond was found much more facile compared to alkyne insertion into the metal‐phosphorus bond. The conclusion was verified for different metals (Pd, Ni, Pt, and Rh), ligands, and phosphorus groups at various theory levels (B3LYP, B3PW91, BLYP, MP2, and ONIOM). The relative reactivity of the metal complexes in the reaction with alkynes was estimated and decreased in the order of Ni>Pd>Rh>Pt. A trend in relative reactivity was established for various types of phosphorus groups: PR2>P(O)R2>P(O)(OR)2, which showed a decrease in rate upon increasing the number of the oxygen atoms attached to the phosphorus center. 相似文献
[Cp*RhIII]‐catalyzed C H activation of arenes assisted by an oxidizing N O or N N directing group has allowed the construction of a number of hetercycles. In contrast, a polar N O bond is well‐known to undergo O‐atom transfer (OAT) to alkynes. Despite the liability of N O bonds in both C H activation and OAT, these two important areas evolved separately. In this report, [Cp*RhIII] catalysts integrate both areas in an efficient redox‐neutral coupling of quinoline N‐oxides with alkynes to afford α‐(8‐quinolyl)acetophenones. In this process the N O bond acts as both a directing group for C H activation and as an O‐atom donor. 相似文献