Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded onto 3D Mesochannels of KIT‐6 with Different Pore Diameters and Their Excellent Magnetic Properties

Here, we report the results of our detailed study on the fabrication of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles confined in mesoporous silica KIT‐6 with a 3D structure and large, tunable pore diameters. It was confirmed by XRD, nitrogen adsorption, high‐resolution (HR) TEM, and magnetic measurements that highly dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles are occupied inside the mesochannels of KIT‐6. We also demonstrated that the size of the iron oxide nanoparticle can be controlled by simply changing the pore diameter of the KIT‐6 and the weight percentage of the iron oxide nanoparticles. The effect of the weight percentage and size of the iron oxide nanoparticles, and the textural parameters of the support on the magnetic properties of iron oxide/KIT‐6 has been demonstrated. The magnetization increases with decreasing iron content in the pore channels of KIT‐6, whereas coercivity decreases for the same samples. Among the KIT‐6 materials studied, KIT‐6 with 7.5 wt % of iron showed the highest saturation magnetic moment and magnetic remanence. However, all the samples register a coercivity of around 2000 Oe, which is generally observed for the hard magnetic materials. In addition, we have found a paramagnetic‐to‐superparamagnetic transition at low temperature for samples with different iron content at low temperature. The cause for this exciting transition is also discussed in detail. Magnetic properties of the iron oxide loaded KIT‐6 were also compared with pure iron oxide and iron oxide loaded over SBA‐15. It was found that iron oxide loaded KIT‐6 showed the highest magnetization due to its 3D structure and large pore volume. The pore diameter of the iron oxide loaded KIT‐6 support also plays a critical role in controlling the magnetization and the blocking temperature, which has a direct relation to the particle diameter and increases from 48 to 63 K with an increase in the pore diameter of the support from 8 to 11.3 nm.     

Synthesis of Superacid‐Functionalized Mesoporous Nanocages with Tunable Pore Diameters and Their Application in the Synthesis of Coumarins

Here we demonstrate for the first time the preparation of a triflic acid (TFA)‐functionalized mesoporous nanocage with tunable pore diameters by the wet impregnation method. The obtained materials have been unambiguously characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption, FTIR spectroscopy, and NH₃ temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD). From the characterization results, it has been found that the TFA molecules are firmly anchored on the surface of the mesoporous supports without affecting their acidity. We also demonstrate the effect of the pore and cage diameter of the KIT‐5 supports on the loading of TFA molecules inside the pore channels. It has been found that the total acidity of the materials increases with an increase in the TFA loading on the support, whereas the acidity of the materials decreases with an increase in the pore diameter of the support. The acidity of the TFA‐functionalized mesoporous nanocages is much higher than that of the zeolites and metal‐substituted mesoporous acidic catalysts. The TFA‐functionalized materials have also been employed as the catalysts for the synthesis of 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin by means of the Pechmann reaction under solvent‐free conditions. It has been found that the catalytic activity of the TFA‐functionalized KIT‐5 is much higher than that of zeolites and metal‐substituted mesoporous catalytic materials in the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. The stability of the catalyst is extremely good and can be reused several times without much loss of activity in the above reaction.     

3‐D graphene‐supported mesoporous SiO2@Fe3O4 composites for the analysis of pesticides in aqueous samples by magnetic solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography

Three‐dimensional graphene‐supported mesoporous silica@Fe₃O₄ composites (mSiO₂@Fe₃O₄‐G) were prepared by modifying mesoporous SiO₂‐coated Fe₃O₄ onto hydrophobic graphene nanosheets through a simple adsorption co‐condensation method. The obtained composites possess unique properties of large surface area (332.9 m²/g), pore volume (0.68 cm³/g), highly open pore structure with uniform pore size (31.1 nm), as well as good magnetic separation properties. The adsorbent (mSiO₂@Fe₃O₄‐G) was used for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of seven pesticides with benzene rings in different aqueous samples before high‐performance liquid chromatography. The main parameters affecting the extraction such as adsorbent amount, volume of elution solvent, time of extraction and desorption, salt effect, oscillation rate were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, this method provided low limits of detection (S/N = 3, 0.525–3.30 μg/L) and good linearity (5.0–1000 μg/L, R² > 0.9954). Method validation proved the feasibility of the developed adsorbent, which has a high extraction efficiency and excellent enhancement performance for pesticides in this study. The proposed method was successfully applied to real aqueous samples, and satisfactory recoveries ranging from 77.5 to 113.6% with relative standard deviations within 9.7% were obtained.     

Synthesis of Poly[(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐co‐(methacrylamidoalanine)] Membranes and Their Utilization as an Affinity Sorbent for Lysozyme Adsorption

Various adsorbent materials have been reported in the literature for protein separation. We have developed a novel and new approach to obtain high protein‐adsorption capacity utilizing a 2‐methacrylamidoalanine‐containing membrane. An amino acid ligand 2‐methacrylamidoalanine (MAAL) was synthesized from methacrylochloride and alanine. Then, poly[(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐co‐(2‐methacrylamidoalanine)] [p(HEMA‐co‐MAAL)] membranes were prepared by UV‐initiated photopolymerization of HEMA and MAAL. The synthesized MAAL monomer was characterized by NMR spectrometry. p(HEMA‐co‐MAAL) membranes were characterized by swelling studies, porosimeter, scanning electron microscopy, FT‐IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These membranes have large pores; the micropore dimensions are around 5–10 μm. p(HEMA‐co‐MAAL) affinity membranes with a swelling ratio of 198.9%, and containing 23.9 (mmol MAAL)·m^–2 were used in the adsorption of lysozyme from aqueous media containing different amounts of lysozyme (0.1–3.0 mg·ml^–1) and at different pH values (4.0–8.0). The effect of Cu(II) incorporation on lysozyme adsorption was also studied. The non‐specific adsorption of lysozyme on the pHEMA membranes was 0.9 μg‐cm^–2. Incorporation of MAAL molecules into the polymeric structure significantly increased the lysozyme adsorption up to 2.96 mg·cm^–2. The lysozyme‐adsorption capacity of the membranes incorporated with Cu(II) (9.98 mg·cm^–2) was greater than that of the p(HEMA‐co‐MAAL) membranes. More than 85% of the adsorbed lysozyme was desorbed in 1 h in the desorption medium containing 1.0 M NaCl. The p(HEMA‐co‐MAAL) membranes are suitable for repeated use for more than 5 cycles without noticeable loss of capacity. These features make p(HEMA‐co‐MAAL) membrane a very good candidate for bioaffinity adsorption.     

Liquid Photonic Crystals for Mesopore Detection

Nitrogen adsorption–desorption for mesopore characterization requires the using of expensive instrumentation, time‐consuming processes, and the consumption of liquid nitrogen. Herein, a new method is developed to measure the pore parameters through mixing a mesoporous substance with a supersaturated SiO₂ colloidal solution at different temperatures, and subsequent rapid measurement of reflection changes of the precipitated liquid photonic crystals. The pore volumes and diameters of mesoporous silica were measured according to the positive correlation between unit mass reflection change (Δλ/m) and pore volume (V), and the negative correlation between average absorption temperature (T) and pore diameter (D). This new approach may provide an alternative method for fast, convenient and economical characterization of mesoporous materials.     

Enhanced Formaldehyde‐Vapor Adsorption Capacity of Polymeric Amine‐Incorporated Aminosilicas

Airborne formaldehyde, which is a highly problematic volatile organic compound (VOC) pollutant, is adsorbed by polymeric amine‐incorporated silicas (aminosilicas), and the factors that affect the adsorption performance are systematically investigated. Three different types of polymeric amines 1) poly(ethyleneimine) branched (PEIBR); 2) poly(ethyleneimine) linear (PEILI); and 3) poly(allylamine) (PAA) are impregnated into two types of porous silicas [SBA‐15 and mesocellular foam (MCF) silicas] with systematic changes of the amine loadings. The adsorption results demonstrate that the adsorption capacity increases along with the amine loading until the polymeric amines completely fill the silica pores. This results in the MCF silica, which has a larger pore volume and hence can accommodate more polymeric amine before completely filling the pore, giving materials that adsorb more formaldehyde, with the largest adsorption capacity, q, of up to 5.7 mmol_HCHO g^?1 among the samples studied herein. Of the three different types of polymers, PAA, comprised of 100 % primary amines, showed the highest amine efficiency μ (mmol_HCHO/mmol_N) for capturing formaldehyde. The chemical structures of the adsorbed formaldehyde are analyzed by ¹³C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CP‐MAS) NMR, and it is demonstrated that the adsorbed formaldehyde is chemically attached to the aminosilica surface, forming hemiaminal and imine species. Because the chemical adsorption of formaldehyde forms covalent bonds, it is not desorbed from the aminosilicas below 130 °C based on temperature‐programed‐desorption (TPD) analysis. The high formaldehyde‐adsorption capacity and stability of the trapped formaldehyde on the amine surface in this study reveal the potential utility of aminosilicas as formaldehyde abatement materials.     

One‐stage Template‐free KOH Activation for Mesopore‐enriched Carbons and Their Application in CO2 Capture

Activated carbons with a high mesoporous structure were prepared by a one‐stage KOH activation process without the assistance of templates and further used as adsorbents for CO₂ capture. The physical and chemical properties as well as the pore structures of the resulting mesoporous carbons were characterized by N₂ adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM ), X‐ray diffraction (XRD ), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR ) spectroscopy. The activated carbon showed greater specific surface area and mesopore volume as the activation temperature was increased up to 600°C, showing a uniform pore structure, great surface area (up to ~815 m²/g), and high mesopore ratio (~55%). The activated sample exhibited competitive CO₂ adsorption capacities at 1 atm pressure, reaching 2.29 and 3.4 mmol/g at 25 and 0°C, respectively. This study highlights the potential of well‐designed mesoporous carbon as an adsorbent for CO₂ removal and widespread gas adsorption applications.     

Engineering the Mesopores of Fe3O4@Mesosilica Core–Shell Nanospheres through a Solvothermal Post‐Treatment Method

A solvothermal post‐treatment method was developed to synthesize Fe₃O₄@mesosilica core–shell nanospheres (CSNs) with a well‐preserved morphology, mesoporous structure, and tunable large pore diameters (2.5–17.6 nm) for the first time. N,N‐Dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHA), which was generated in situ during the heat‐treatment process, was mainly responsible for this pore‐size enlargement, as characterized by NMR spectroscopy. This pore‐size expansion can be strengthened with the aid of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), whilst the nature of the surface of the Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs can be easily modified with trimethylsilyl groups during the pore‐size‐expansion process. The hydrophobicity of the Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs increased for the enlarged mesopores and the adsorption capacity of these CSNs for benzene (up to 1.5 g g^?1) is the highest ever reported for Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs. The resultant Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs (pore size: 10 nm) showed a 3.6‐times higher adsorption capacity of lysozyme than those without the pore expansion (pore size: 2.5 nm), thus making them a good candidate for loading large molecules.     

Biomaterial immobilization in nanoporous carbon molecular sieves: influence of solution pH, pore volume, and pore diameter

The adsorption of lysozyme (Lz) onto nanoporous carbon molecular sieves with various pore diameters has been studied at different solution pH values. All the adsorption isotherms have successfully been correlated by the Langmuir equation. The amount of adsorbed Lz depends on the solution pH as well as on the specific pore volume and pore diameter of the adsorbents. The maximum adsorption was observed near the isoelectric point of the Lz (pI approximately 11), suggesting that suppression of electric repulsion between the enzymes plays an important role in the adsorption process. Moreover, the amount adsorbed depends on the pore size and pore volume of the nanoporous carbon adsorbents, indicating that the Lz molecules are adsorbed inside the mesopores. CMK-3-150 shows a larger amount of Lz adsorption as compared to CMK-3. The increased Lz adsorption capacity of CMK-3-150 may be due to the larger pore volume and pore diameter as compared to that of CMK-3. The unaltered structural order of the nanoporous adsorbents after the adsorption has been confirmed by the physicochemical characterization techniques such as XRD and N(2) adsorption. In addition, FT-IR spectroscopic studies confirm that the Lz used in this study is stable even after the adsorption on the nanoporous carbon. These results indicate that nanoporous carbon has superior water stability and thus is a more appropriate adsorbent for biomaterials than nanoporous silica.     

Preparation of Monolithic Ti‐incorporated Mesoporous Silica Materials via Tartaric Acid Templated Sol‐gel Process

Monolithic and transparent Ti‐incorporated mesoporous silica materials of large size (e.g. 2 mm) in dimension have been prepared with tartaric add (TA) as template via sol‐gel reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBT). The materials are characterized by infrared (IR), nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the monolithic materials exhibit large specific surface areas (ca. 1200 mVg) and pore volumes (ca. 0.900 cm³/g).     

Synthesis of nano‐sized magnetite mesoporous carbon for removal of Reactive Yellow dye from aqueous solutions

In this study, core‐shell structures of magnetite nanoparticles coated with CMK‐8 ordered mesoporous carbon (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐CMK‐8 NPs) have been successfully synthesized for the first time by carbonizing sucrose inside the pores of the Kit‐6 mesoporous silica. The nano‐sized mesoporous particles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, vibrating‐sample magnetometer, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and transmission electron microscopy instruments. The obtained nanocomposite was used for removal of Reactive Yellow 160 (RY 160) dye from aqueous samples. The N₂ adsorption–desorption method (at 77 K) confirmed the mesoporous structure of synthesized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐CMK‐8 NPs. Also, the surface area was calculated by the BET method and Langmuir plot as 276.84 m²/g and 352.32 m²/g, respectively. The surface area, volume and pore diameter of synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were calculated from the pore size distribution curves using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda formula (BJH). To obtain the optimum experimental variables, the effect of various experimental parameters on the dye removal efficiency was studied using Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design method. According to the experimental results, about 90.0% of RY 160 was removed from aqueous solutions at the adsorbent amount of 0.06 g, pH 3 and ionic strength = 0.05 m during 10 min. The pseudo‐second order kinetic model provided a very good fit for the RY 160 dye removal (R² = 0.999). The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best fit to data with the maximum adsorption capacity of 62.893 mg/g. Furthermore, the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐CMK‐8 NPs could be simply recovered by external magnet, and exhibited recyclability and reusability for a subsequent six runs.     

An Extra‐Large‐Pore Pure Silica Zeolite with 16×8×8‐Membered Ring Pore Channels Synthesized using an Aromatic Organic Directing Agent

Extra‐large‐pore zeolites for processing large molecules have long been sought after by both the academia and industry. However, the synthesis of these materials, particularly extra‐large‐pore pure silica zeolites, remains a big challenge. Herein we report the synthesis of a new extra‐large‐pore silica zeolite, designated NUD‐6, by using an easily synthesized aromatic organic cation as structure‐directing agent. NUD‐6 possesses an intersecting 16×8×8‐membered ring pore channel system constructed by four‐connected (Q⁴) and unusual three‐connected (Q³) silicon species. The organic cations in NUD‐6 can be removed in nitric acid to yield a porous material with high surface area and pore volume. The synthesis of NUD‐6 presents a feasible means to prepare extra‐large pore silica zeolites by using assembled aromatic organic cations as structure‐directing agents.     

有序介孔二氧化硅对正丁醛的吸附性能

合成了一系列具有不同孔结构与性质的有序介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15、MCM-41、SBA-16、KIT-6, 同时通过改变水热温度制备了不同孔径大小的SBA-15, 并利用小角X射线散射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和氮气吸附-脱附等手段, 对其介孔结构进行了表征. 以正丁醛为探针分子, 考察了其对有机醛的吸附, 并与Y-沸石的吸附性能做了对比. 结果表明, 材料的介孔比表面积与其对正丁醛的吸附量成正比, 吸附等温线符合Langmuir 模型, 属于单层吸附, 具有最大介孔比表面积的MCM-41对正丁醛的吸附量最大(484 mg·g^-1). 最后将SBA-15添加到卷烟滤嘴中, 实验结果表明, SBA-15能显著降低卷烟烟气中巴豆醛的释放量.     

Carbon‐Dot‐Sensitized,Nitrogen‐Doped TiO2 in Mesoporous Silica for Water Decontamination through Nonhydrophobic Enrichment–Degradation Mode

Mesoporous silica synthesized from the cocondensation of tetraethoxysilane and silylated carbon dots containing an amide group has been adopted as the carrier for the in situ growth of TiO₂ through an impregnation–hydrothermal crystallization process. Benefitting from initial complexation between the titania precursor and carbon dot, highly dispersed anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles can be formed inside the mesoporous channel. The hybrid material possesses an ordered hexagonal mesostructure with p6mm symmetry, a high specific surface area (446.27 m² g^?1), large pore volume (0.57 cm³ g^?1), uniform pore size (5.11 nm), and a wide absorption band between λ=300 and 550 nm. TiO₂ nanocrystals are anchored to the carbon dot through Ti?O?N and Ti?O?C bonds, as revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moreover, the nitrogen doping of TiO₂ is also verified by the formation of the Ti?N bond. This composite shows excellent adsorption capabilities for 2,4‐dichlorophenol and acid orange 7, with an electron‐deficient aromatic ring, through electron donor–acceptor interactions between the carbon dot and organic compounds instead of the hydrophobic effect, as analyzed by the contact angle analysis. The composite can be photocatalytically recycled through visible‐light irradiation after adsorption. The narrowed band gap, as a result of nitrogen doping, and the photosensitization effect of carbon dots are revealed to be coresponsible for the visible‐light activity of TiO₂. The adsorption capacity does not suffer any clear losses after being recycled three times.     

Adsorption equilibrium studies for O‐xylene vapour and modified clays system

Tunisian bentonites were used to prepare three modified clays: two organoclays by intercalating respectively didodecyldimethylammoniumbromide (DDMAC) and hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide (HDTMAC), and synthesis of NaX zeolite. The X‐ray diffraction, infrared and thermogravimetric analyses enabled us to differentiate between the structures obtained. Clay materials systems were used as adsorbent for the investigation of the adsorption isotherms and saturation capacity of O‐xylene, a toxic volatile organic compound, by gravimetric method at three different temperatures 20, 30, and 40 °C. The absolute values of the volatile organic compound adsorbed amounts in the intercalated clays (604 mg g^?1) were higher than for the zeolite (296 mg g^?1). The adsorption isotherms were analysed by the Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The latter was found to describe better the equilibrium adsorption data. Mass transfer coefficient of O‐xylene is evaluated using uptake curve method, and all values are in the order of 10^?2 s^?1. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of Mesoporous Transition‐Metal Phosphates by Polymeric Micelle Assembly

Mesoporous iron phosphate (FePO₄) was synthesized through assembly of polymeric micelles made of asymmetric triblock co‐polymer (polystyrene‐b‐poly‐2‐vinylpyridine‐b‐ethylene oxide; PS‐PVP‐PEO). The phosphoric acid solution stimulates the formation of micelles with core–shell‐corona architecture. The negatively charged PO₄^3? ions dissolved in the solution strongly interact with the positively charged PVP⁺ units through an electrostatic attraction. Also, the presence of PO₄^3? ions realizes a bridge between the micelle surface and the metal ions. The removal of polymeric template forms the robust framework of iron phosphate with 30 nm pore diameter and 15 nm wall thickness. Our method is applicable to other mesoporous metal phosphates by changing metal sources. The obtained materials were fully characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N₂ adsorption–desorption, Raman spectroscope, and other techniques.     

Adsorption of aqueous Hg (II) by a novel poly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol)/mesoporous silica SBA‐15 composite

A novel poly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol) (PAOA)/mesoporous silica SBA‐15 nanocomposite was synthesized and investigated for adsorption of Hg (II) from aqueous solutions of wide pH range. A chemical oxidation method was employed for polymerization of aniline and o‐aminophenol on an ordered SBA‐15 template to obtain a significantly enlarged BET surface area of the adsorbent. Efficiency study revealed that the PAOA/SBA‐15 could reach a maximum Hg (II) adsorption capacity of over 400 mg/g. Kinetic study showed that the Hg (II) adsorption by the PAOA/SBA‐15 fitted a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, indicating that the mercury adsorption process was predominantly controlled by chemical process. The results of this study also proved that the adsorbed Hg (II) could be effectively desorbed from the PAOA/SBA‐15 in 0.1M HCl and 5% sulfocarbonide solutions. Associated adsorption mechanism was also investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation of a kind of mesoporous carbon and its performance in adsorptive desulfurization

Carbon materials were prepared using mesoporous silica HMS with different pore sizes as the hard templates and water-soluble phenolic resin as the carbon source. The obtained materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N₂ physical adsorption, and were used in adsorptive desulfurization. It has been shown that the carbon material prepared using HMS with larger pore size (>3 nm) presented uniform wormlike mesopore of 2.3 nm and large BET surface area (1903 m²/g). The mesoporous carbon was an excellent adsorbent to remove the refractory sulfur compound in diesel, especially dibenzothiophene and 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene.     

有机胺修饰具有较大孔径介孔材料的二氧化碳吸附性能

以非离子表面活性剂P123为模板剂,正硅酸甲酯为硅源,通过加入不同的扩孔剂制得具有较大孔径的SBA-15类介孔材料,并采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮气吸附-脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等手段对所得样品进行了表征.加入扩孔剂可以明显增大介孔材料的孔容和孔径,而异辛烷为扩孔剂的扩孔效果明显优于四氯化碳.经四乙烯五胺(TEPA)镀饰后,这些样品均表现出良好的CO2吸附性能.其中对于除去模板剂后再镀胺的样品,其CO2吸附能力与介孔材料孔道结构关系不大,而对于未除模板剂的原粉镀胺样品,CO2吸附能力则随孔道的变大而增强.此外,通过吸附等温线和CO2-程序升温脱附(TPD)手段比较了温度和压力对CO2吸附的影响,发现在较高温度下吸附时CO2的吸附能力随压力的变化存在显著差别,因而在这类TEPA修饰的介孔材料上可通过变压吸附的途径来实现对环境气流中CO2的吸附和分离.     

A Single‐Step Synthesis of Electroactive Mesoporous ProDOT‐Silica Structures

The single‐step preparation of highly ordered mesoporous silica hybrid nanocomposites with conjugated polymers was explored using a novel cationic 3,4‐propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) surfactant (PrS). The method does not require high‐temperature calcination or a washing procedure. The combination of self‐assembly of the silica surfactant and in situ polymerization of the ProDOT tail is responsible for creation of the mesoporosity with ultralarge pores, large pore volume, and electroactivity. As this novel material exhibits excellent textural parameters together with electrical conductivity, we believe that this could find potential applications in various fields. This novel concept of creating mesoporosity without a calcination process is a significant breakthrough in the field of mesoporous materials and the method can be further generalized as a rational preparation of various mesoporous hybrid materials having different structures and pore diameters.